With the transformation of apple cultivation methods, its plastic trimming technology has also been greatly developed and updated. For the time being, the main purpose is to adapt to the dwarf planting and cultivation and require the cultivation of an approximately horizontal, uniaxially-extending multi-branch crown with medium and small branch tree structure and the use of slow promotion of flower, early fruit quality Trimming technology. After many years of production practice, the author has summarized the pruning methods of dwarfing and planting apple trees “three-shimmersâ€, which not only meets the above requirements, but also is easy and effective. The introduction is as follows for reference. First, the "three-times child" of the backbone branch winter cutting, no matter what kind of tree shape is adopted during cultivation, during the sapling period, the backbone branches should be based on the pruning method of opening angle, long-distance release, and slow-motion, but the vast hilly orchards, Affected by site conditions and management levels, the growth of trees is weak. After the opening angles are in place, especially after the summer shear promoting flowering results, the lengthened growth of the stem branches is greatly weakened, the canopy expansion is slow, and the plants can not reach each other because of the delay. At this time, we cannot emphasize long-term or not-cut, but we should adopt the following “three-times†method of pruning. "Suddenly" - extending the shoots to stay short in buds; "Beats" - thinning the competition branches and the third branch (the third branch is not sparse when the growth is weak); "three under the child" - the difference is not sparse Go to the third branch and all other upright branches. Pay attention to the difference in the base of each branch to focus on downward bending, making it slightly injured, and then stretched forward, and in the mother twig wound a few stable and low state, so as to really inhibit growth. Through the above “three-timesâ€, it not only promotes the growth of the skeleton branches, but also accelerates the expansion of the canopy, but does not generate strong branches, guarantees uniaxial extension, and is conducive to the formation of middle and small branch groups. Second, the subsidiary Yang Zhidong's "three sons" "Suddenly" - open angle, using various methods in the auxiliary support base to make it open horizontally, it is best to use an angle cutter as soon as possible; "--Extend the branches and put them slowly without shearing." "Three-times sons"--Scissors of upright branches and other prosperous branches. This “three-times child†not only guarantees the growth of the young trees and the ventilation and light transmission in the crown, but also consumes more nutrients, which is conducive to early fruit and high yield. After forming, the minor branches may be pruned to gradually remove the auxiliary branches or be retained as appropriate (modified spindle or sparse layer). Third, the summer trimming "three sons" After the winter cut, especially after opening the angle, the crown can easily sprout more long back branches, if these branches are not controlled, will grow particularly strong, thereby weakening the mother branch extension branch Growth, but also the destruction of uniaxial extension, disrupt the tree shape, make canopy closed, poor ventilation and light transmission, thereby affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit quality improvement. Therefore, the treatment of the upper back is the focus of the summer cut, and its basic approach is also "three times." "Suddenly" - sparsely cut. First, all new shoots within 20 cm of the main branches and the branches of the supporting branches were removed. It has been proved that the shoots at this site are left untouched even if they undergo twisting, picking, peeling, etc. (usually 3-4 years, it is obviously a kind of prolonged and cumbersome. The waste branches that seriously affect the scenery and conditions will not bear fruit. So early elimination is of utmost importance. Secondly, sparsely cut the upper and middle branches of the back, but they must not be removed. Instead, they should be considered in conjunction with the dorsal, anticline, and back all shoots. It is best to remove about 5-20cm and about 30cm. 15-20cm left to prepare for the preparation of small branches, about 30cm to be cultivated medium-sized branch group; back on the small branch should be cultured, dorsal, anticline should be cultured medium-sized branch group. "Two things" - topping. The back branches that are selected to be left can be used to pick up parts of them when growing 5-7 leaves, and it is necessary to repeatedly pick and control the hearts. "Three times" - twisting tip. Left untwisted back branches are controlled from the end of May to the beginning of June for twisting and twisting, watching their growth at any time after torsion, or picking up the heart or retwisting the tip (twice of the upright branches growing at the twist). The above “three-shots†can effectively control the growth of the dorsal branches, inhibit the growth of lateral branches, not only ensure the uniaxial extension of the stems, but also timely culture medium and small branches after proper winterization and shearing. group. China Agricultural Network Editor
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