Onion is commonly known as onion, onion and so on. It is a biennial vegetable of the family Liliaceae. Onions are widely distributed in China and cultivated in all parts of the country. The large-scale planting bases include Hainan Island in the south and Yuanmou in Yunnan; Jiuquan in Gansu in the west; Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Linyi, Jinxiang, Yutai, Weifang, Qingdao, Binzhou, Yantai in the east; Nanyang in Henan; Yingkou, an emerging base in Inner Mongolia, etc. And the growing area is still expanding. China is the country with the largest production of onions in Asia and globally. Because of its good internal and external marketability, wide cultural adaptability, high yield, and good resistance to storage and transportation, the yellow-peel onion has become one of the main vegetable varieties for export earnings and adjustment of industrial structure in rural areas. The Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences has a long history of research on yellow-leaf onion breeding and cultivation techniques, with intensive results and strong technical support capabilities. Has formed a series of early, middle and late maturing varieties. Widely adapted to the production and application in East China, our latest dedication to high-quality varieties and very early maturing varieties for fresh-keeping exports and border trade. First, the appropriate sowing, nurturing strong seedlings: Onion generally nursery in the autumn, transplanting before winter, spring and summer of the following year harvest onions. Early and late sowing in the fall has a great impact on the production and commercial quality of the onion; sowing is too early, the production period is long before winter, and the seedlings are prosperous. It is easy to pass the vernalization, and the bolting is not ripe to affect the yield and quality; the sowing is too late, although it can prevent Early bolting, but lack of growth before winter, winter before the seedlings are weak, cold hardiness, easy to freeze damage, and even because the seedlings are too small to plant. In addition, due to the late planting, the growth of the shoots is insufficient, and the demand for nutrients when the bulbs are inflated cannot be satisfied. As a result, the yield is low, and the onion balls produced cannot become commodities. According to our experimental observation for more than ten years, proper onion sowing, bolting rate of about 10% higher yield, better commercial. 1. Appropriate sowing date Recommended sowing date for mid-maturing varieties of Lianyungang is September 10-15, and early-maturing varieties are September 5-10; the sowing rate is low and the yield per unit area is high. Determine the sowing date will be finalized depending on the local climatic conditions. The average daily temperature of 15°C was pushed 40-45 days ago for suitable sowing dates of medium- and early-maturing varieties. 2, strong seedlings standards: Cultivate strong seedlings is the key to obtain high yield onion, strong seedlings standard: seedling age 50 - 60 days, plant height 20 - 25 centimeters, clover to the four leaves, pseudo-stem coarse 0.6 centimeters, No pests and diseases. 3, nurturing strong seedlings to pay attention to several aspects: 3.1, choose a good seedbed. Nursery beds should be selected for their high topography, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile soil (loam or sandy loam). No plots of onion and garlic crops have been planted within 2-3 years. Generally, 40 mu of organic fertilizer should be applied per acre, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 3 kg of carbofuran (3% of ground pests), 2-3 times of tillage, and the fertilizer and soil should be well mixed and mixed, and the depth of arable land should be 15 cm. Left and right, the seedbeds were made into high sorghum, and the width was 1-1.5 meters. 3.2. Appropriate dilute sowing: 1 seedlings per acre seedlings 3--5 kg, for 15-20 acres of field seedlings. 2 Before sowing, seedbeds should be poured with bottom water. After sowing, they should be covered with 1 cm of nutrition fine soil. Cover soil should be even, otherwise it is difficult to achieve Miao Qi, Miao uniform. In complex soil, mix 10 grams of diclofenac or carbendazim to prevent blight. 3 After the reconstructed soil cover with shading, sun exposure and rain erosion, while maintaining the soil moisture (covered by: shade nets, straw, reeds, etc., should not use heavier corn stalks). 3.3. Strengthen seedling management. When the onion emerges 70% or so, the covered material is removed. Generally, it is carried out in the evening. After the emergence, the seedling management is strengthened. Drought prevention, flood prevention, and grass control are avoided. Soil moisture should not be too large. To prevent disease and lodging in the seedling stage, spraying with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution 5 days after the seedlings and spraying for the first time after one week, and then spraying a control seedling again. Period disease. When seedlings are yellow and thin, they combine irrigation, applying 5 kg of urea per acre, and weeding 2-3 times at the seedling stage (after 2 leaves). 3.4, micro-fertilizer to promote seedling rooting. Before spraying, 400 g of monopotassium phosphate was sprayed to increase the potential for production by more than 15%. Second, the application of basal fertilizer, rational dense planting: Onion root system is composed of stringy adventitious root fibrous root system, the root is underdeveloped, weak, the root group is mainly concentrated in 20 cm deep soil, sucking fertilizer absorbent capacity is weak, the soil requirements Higher, therefore, when cultivating land for deepening, the depth of ploughing should not be less than 20 cm, and the requirements for land preparation are very fine. Generally, moderately fertile fields (such as pods and corn are better). --80 gram, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 30 kilograms. Before planting, spread the basal fertilizer into the soil to facilitate drainage and irrigation and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The planting method should adopt sorghum, generally 1.2-1.5 meters wide (depending on the width of the plastic film). 1. Transplanting procedure: 1 The mulching film should be tightly pressed on the membrane. Plaster membranes 4-5 days prior to colonization. 2 In addition to the filming, before spraying, 48% trifluralin 150 ml or 50% acetochlor 150-200 ml or 125-150 ml vegetable grass spray is applied per acre. 3 seedlings: from the end of October to the beginning of November colonization, transplanting seedling bed 1--2 days before the watering, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and less root injury. Before planting, the seedlings should be classified according to the size of the seedlings, and seedlings should be planted to improve planting efficiency. The same seedlings are planted together for field management. 4 rooting treatment: before planting, with 2.5% more love to receive more than 2000 times or 1.2% ammonium nitrate (multi-effect high yield spirit) 2000 times dip root. 5 Planting: Planting seedlings should be planted straight, planted shallow (about 2 cm), roots and soil tightly combined. If it is planted too deeply, it will affect the expansion of the bulb. If it is too shallow, it will freeze and thaw the soil when it is overwinter and cause the soil to freeze. 2. Reasonable Density: Density is an important factor that constitutes output. Onions have few leaves, strong erectness, and suitable for close planting. Tests have shown that reasonable dense planting can increase the yield per unit area, between 2.2 and 35,000 plants per acre, depending on the variety. Characteristics and soil conditions and production goals. The average early-maturing varieties range from 2.8 to 35,000, and the medium-maturing varieties range from 22,000 to 30,000. The spacing between rows is 1510-14 cm. Perfusing once after planting, but can not spread the table, resulting in soil compaction. Third, to strengthen field management: In order to ensure smooth seedlings seedlings, overwinter green, hair trees and inflated, to strengthen field management, should be "early Shi Ti Miao Fei, Qiao Shifa fat, Shizu Tubulu expansion fat", the total The amount of fertilizer depends on the adjustment of soil conditions and production targets. 1, before the winter combined with encapsulated frozen water topdressing human excrement, such as the face of special cold weather, should be properly covered, this period does not need to chase application of quick-acting fertilizer, timely filling of frozen water before the arrival of the big cold, in addition, throughout In the winter, the field should not be too dry to prevent the seedlings from being dried and causing freezing injury. 2, Ye Wangsheng growth period: the end of February the following year to early March, when onion seedlings return to green, combined irrigation irrigation 20 kg of urea points per acre, from the end of March to early April, the leaves into the vigorous growth period, soon into the expansion of the bulb, At this time the amount of fertilizer required is large, especially in the expansion of bulbs, P and K requirements are large. At this time, 20 kg of urea per acre and 48 kg of NPK fertilizer are added to meet the onion vigorous growth period and bulbs. The need for nutrients during the expansion period. 3. Expansion period of bulbs: During the period from mid-April to early-June, the plants no longer increase, the leaf assimilates transfer to the bulbs, and the bulbs rapidly expand. This period is a peak for fertilizer requirements, especially for the demand for phosphorus and potassium. , Practice has proved that applying 30 kg of 48% NPK fertilizer per acre can ensure the normal expansion of the bulb. Fourth, pay attention to crop rotation, disease prevention and pest control weed control, to avoid double cropping, reduce the disease generally three years of rotation, in the growth process, should pay attention to prevent grassland, with omethoate 800 times or 10% imidacloprid 20 g/mu onion, wolfberry Horse hazards; use 25% Rhizoctonia or 65% mancozeb manganese 600 times to control downy mildew and purple spot. V. Timely harvesting: 1. When the leaves are not yet yellow before harvesting, spray the leaves with Qingmisu (MH) 500PPM to prevent germination during storage; 2. No longer watering for 7-10 days before harvesting. Prevent the onion from ingesting sufficient moisture when in the field and become resistant to storage; 3. Harvest the tube after 3-5 days after the natural lodging of the tubular leaves. Harvesting should be done on a sunny day. 1. After harvesting, it must be air-dried. It can be hung by storage or shed in outdoor shade. It should be turned 2-3 times during storage to remove the rotten ball in time to prevent normal onion from being infected. 2, false stems to stay 2-3 cm or full retention; 3, according to the size of the bulb selection, generally according to 7-8 cm, 8 cm above, 5-7 cm several specifications grading, grade is base production of taboos . China Agricultural Network Editor
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