Key points of nectarine cultivation and cultivation management

Nectarine is a variation of common peaches. Its rind is smooth and hairless, looks like plum, and has aromas of peach, plum and apricot. It is fully colored, easy to eat and nutritious, and it is deeply loved by consumers. In order to make it as early as possible and obtain higher economic benefits, in 1999-2000, the author carried out the cultivation promotion experiment in Zhangguangwang Village, Caosi Township, Qingxian County, Hebei Province, and realized the semi-finished product nursery stock garden, after planting. The monthly output of 667m2 reached 1560 kg and the listing period was more than 50 days earlier. First, varieties and seedlings are selected varieties are early maturity, superior quality, storage and transportation, no cracking fruit, suitable for protective cultivation. 1. Dawning bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Very early yellow meat nectarine. The fruit development period is 60-65 days and the average fruit weight is 122 grams. The fruit is nearly round and beautiful. The fruit surface is thick red, shiny, rich in flavor, rich aroma, soluble solids 13% - 17%. Good quality, self-fruited, early fruit and high yield. 2. Huaguang China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Tree bred. The fruit is oval in shape and has a fruit development period of 60 days. It matures in the middle and early June of my land. The fruit is white at the end of the fruit and the fruit surface is bright with red roses. Sweet flavor, good quality, soluble solid content of about 13%. Pollen, self-fruiting, high yield, is a very early white meat sweet nectarine. 3, Yanguang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou fruit trees bred. Fruit development period 65 days, large fruit, oval, average fruit weight 120 grams, maximum 150 grams or more, fruit background white, rose red, beautiful and beautiful, sweet flavor, aroma, soluble solids content 14% Around, it is a new variety of sweet nectarines with special early-maturing, fruity, and good flavor. 4. Early Red Pearl was bred by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. Fruit round - oval. The average fruit weight is 90 grams and the maximum fruit weight is 130 grams. Fruit top round, suture shallow, asymmetric. Smooth fruit surface, yellow-green background, 90% bright red. White flesh, fine flesh, juicy, soft solute, sweet, sweet, good quality, semi-nucleus, fruit development period of 65 days. Seedlings are semi-finished products. In the spring of 1999, they were introduced from the "Ninzhou Sweet Nectarine Test Base." The average diameter of seedlings is 1.2 cm. Second, the construction of greenhouses and scaffolding period in August to build a micro-arc plastic film solar greenhouse. The span is 7.5 meters, the height is 3 meters, the back wall is 2.1 meters high, the back slope is 1.3 meters long, the back wall of soil, the back slope of the soil, and the wall thickness is 0.8 meters; the bamboo and wooden structure has a skeleton spacing of 0.6 meters, and the bamboo frame is supported by hanging columns. The plastic film is PVC without drip film, leaving a vent at a distance of 1 meter from the front of the back slope and 2 meters from the front of the greenhouse. The plastic film was covered on November 1st and the straw curtain was covered. Cover during the day, at night to take up, and open the air outlet, artificial cooling, so that the temperature dropped to 7.2 degrees below early, prompting early entry into hibernation. After 40 days, it can meet the demand for 800 hours of cold. By December 10th, it will begin to heat up. Third, the temperature and humidity control 1, the temperature at around 8 o'clock in the day to open the grass to see the light warming, about 16:00 cover straw insulation. From the beginning of warming to sprouting, during the day the maximum temperature is controlled at 14-16 °C, at night at -2 °C; from the bud to flowering, the maximum temperature is controlled at 18-22 °C, the minimum temperature is not lower than 5 °C; the highest flowering temperature Control at 20-25 °C, the minimum temperature is controlled at 7 °C; the maximum temperature during fruit development is controlled at 25 °C, does not exceed 28 °C, the minimum temperature is not less than 10 °C. When the temperature exceeds 25°C during the day, open the air outlet in time to let the air cool down. 2. The humidity from the shed to the sprouting stage, the relative humidity of the air is kept at 70%-80%, the flowering period is kept at 50%, and it takes about 60% from flowering to harvesting. IV. Planting Density and Tree Management The spacing of planting plants was 1 meter 1.2 meters and 556 trees per 667 square meters. Tree structure is natural hammer shape. Shaw semi-finished seedlings are allowed to sprout after they sprout, allowing them to germinate in time. When the height of the seedlings is 30 cm, each bamboo rod is inserted and tied to prevent wind deflection. All the secondary branches are all retained, and the second branch below 30 cm is up to 20 cm long. At the beginning of August, more than 10 secondary branches with a length of more than 50 cm were grown on each plant, and evenly distributed on the central axis, and all secondary branches were brought into close levels. On July 18th and July 25th, spray 15% paclobutrazol 200 times twice to control the growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. After flowering, the number of flower buds per plant was more than 200. During winter pruning, remove branches 30 cm below the ground, and remove some of the dense branches that were born on the center spindle; cut long and short branches with a length of 50 cm or longer, and dump the remaining branches. V. Soil, fertilizer, and water management Planting and digging when planting, width 80 cm, depth 70 cm, then apply organic manure at a ratio of 1:3 for high-quality manure and soil, and apply 50 kg of urea per 667m2 at the same time. kg. After planting water, cover the mulch and water once every 20 days for 4 times. Immediately after the shed was watered and decomposed chicken manure was applied, 1,000 kilograms per 667 square meters, 50 kilograms of N, P, and K compound fertilizers, and then covered with plastic film. After the hard core, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed twice, and the fruit was watered once when the thumb was in size, and no longer watered. The fruit should not be watered during the near mature period to prevent cracking. Sixth, artificial pollination artificial pollination twice in the flowering period, in the flowers of different varieties on point grant. VII. Harvesting of Fruits In mid-April, the fruits entered the mature period. Different varieties or the same varieties have different maturation periods in different directions. When the fruits are nearly cooked, they must be harvested in batches in batches, and transported to the packing site in time for grading and packaging. Immediately after harvesting, the branches that were born on the center spindle were left to be cut 20-30 cm in order to cultivate new branches. VIII. Pests and pests in the protected areas of pests and diseases are less. When the buds sprouted green, pesticides were sprayed in time to prevent and control peach aphid. In July and August, 65% sprayed 65% zedoary zinc WP 500 times to prevent peach perforation.