(i) Transplantation of river rafts
1. Transplanted Hemorrhoids in different places:
Both the black shell oysters and the wild yellow shell oysters are the same species, namely Cobicula flaminca, and Cyrena aurea and Corbicula comioa are different synonyms in different ecological environments. With convenient transportation, the Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou regions are the export bases for foreign trade and river rafts in Jiangsu Province. After many years of high-intensity fishing, the size of river rafts and black locusts is too small, and the output cannot meet the export needs. It is of great significance to transplant the Heyu River, a resource-rich river in northern Jiangsu, to South Jiangsu and direct the cultivation of black locusts.
The weather in the spring and autumn seasons is suitable, and the transportation mortality rate is low. It is the best time for transplanting river otters and should be sourced as much as possible. The initial twilight has little influence on the future orientation and it does not need to consider the individual size. The commonly used suction snail barge can collect several tons of river rafts within one or two hours. Usually do not need to pick, direct loading. Cover with wet sacks or mats to avoid direct sunlight. The flooding time of the river should be controlled within two days and nights.
2, choose breeding site:
The river clam is best suited for reproduction and growth in waters with a smooth flow and slow flow. The water quality is basically alkaline, with a transparency of about 1 meter and a water velocity of 0.1-0.6 m/s. The water flow is too fast, and the proliferation of seedlings should not be attached, and large cockroaches are also easy to wash away with the rapids. The water flow is too slow, the floating mud is easy to precipitate, and the food brought in by the water flow is also less.
Generally, there can be sandbars and grasslands in the tributary of the rivers or on the upstream of the rivers, and the land under them is broad and flat. It is also possible to choose rivers and beaches to be curved. The choice of soft mud bottom or muddy bottom, muddy gray black, organic-rich water in the bottom bed will help to directionally cultivate high-quality black clams. The water surface ranges from a few hundred square meters to a few hectares with a water depth of 0.5 to 3.0 meters, which is suitable for management. According to the terrain, bamboo bars are used to intercept enemies such as squid ingress and egress.
3, feeding and management:
River otters transferred from different places should be sowed in time and evenly into the aquaculture waters. Before entering the water, pay special attention to the removal of eel and herring. Although the river raft can normally grow at a high density that overlaps each Other, the transplanting raft still has a breeding density of about 1 ton/667 square meters. The temperature range of 9 ~ 32 °C, feeding plankton and algae. Below 50°C, feeding activities are stopped, and above 32°C can cause massive deaths.
It is necessary to regularly inspect the breeding grounds, depending on the quality of the water, to make some bean cakes, rice bran, etc. from time to time. Samples were taken for inspection of shell color and individual growth. Due to different feed and stocking densities, there are differences in growth.
Under normal circumstances, the conversion of the shell color to black can be completed within one year, and 80% of the export specifications can reach the body length of 2.5 cm or more. The river raft is very strong, resistant to hypoxia, and has few patients. However, it is necessary to strictly prevent the intrusion of natural enemies such as blue, squid, mallard and Chinese sturgeon.
4, reasonable fishing and proliferation:
To meet the needs of exports, the breeding grounds are mostly harvested in four seasons. In order to avoid drastic reduction of resources and small individuals due to massive fishing, the following measures are recommended.
First, plan fishing in the calving area. The same region uses two years as a cycle, catches for one year, and stops for one year to ensure its full growth.
Second, in the calving area, a part of the jaundice will be regularly transplanted and will be harvested after it is dark. The proliferation of migratory mites is the first year after transplantation. During this year, it is not appropriate to fish, and river rafts should be fully adapted and propagated to the new area. Any person who cannot be repaired due to injury caused by transportation or trauma, will be allowed to spontaneously eliminate the death.
River frogs dioecious, occasionally hermaphrodites. Breeding habits vary from place to place. The river raft in Fuzhou can be bred all year round, and it is the peak season from July to August. In the Jiangsu area, the peak period of Hetian breeding lasted from early June to the end of September. When the shell length was 12 mm, the gonads reached maturity, and the amount of eggs and sperm increased with the increase in individual size. The gonads mature in stages, and mature sperm or eggs are discharged into water and meet and fertilize in the water. The fertilized eggs acquire nutrition from the parotid glands in the internal iliac crest, experience the larval larval stage, and grow to 200 micrometers in vitro. After a period of surface larvae floated, they drifted to the bottom with the flow of water. After two weeks to one month, it gradually developed into needle-like white pups and began to camp benthic life. After another 15 to 30 days, it can grow into small grains of rice size. 3 months can be about 11 mm in length. At this point the gonads are nearing maturity and growth begins to slow down. The above process occurred quietly in the river-breeding aquaculture water area after the transplant.
If the water is shallow, a large amount of white mucilage can appear on the river bed during the prosperous period of the river raft. This is the seedling of the river raft. Generally, no special management measures need to be taken. It is only necessary to be careful about the invasion of natural enemies such as carp during breeding. It should also pay attention to the turbid water, because the sediment is too large, and its precipitation will cause large-scale seedlings to suffocate and die. The life span of the river is generally 3 to 5 years, and the maximum shell length is 35 mm. One year of cycle fishing can be started after a successful transition of transplants for one year. In the case of excessive fishing intensity, new transplants may be added during the arrest period. In the same water area, both old and new river canals can grow well.
(II) Lakes Restocking Large and medium-sized lakes with an area of ​​more than 20,000 mu of rivers and lakes, or small lakes with a size of 10,000 mu or so can be selected. Suitable lake areas or lake-wide stockings can be selected. The water depth of Yanghu Lake is about 2 meters. The bottom is muddy or sandy, and the terrain is relatively flat. It has certain fertility, no pollution, and plenty of plankton. In general, the amount of phytoplankton is 500,000 per liter or more, and the amount of zooplankton is more than 5000 per liter. The water is greenish-brown in color and its transparency is 45-80 cm. The seedling stocking season is appropriate from March to April or September to October each year. The stocking specifications are 0.5-1.2 cm long and 0.5-1 g body weight, generally 1500-2200 kg. Seedlings are caught in high quality, dense lake areas and require pure varieties.
Transportation can be carried in carts, ships in bulk or in straw bags or sacks. Keep damp during transportation and avoid wind and sun. After the seedlings arrive, they are distributed evenly according to a pre-selected lake area. The density is about 15 kilograms per acre. The seedlings that were stocked in March and April of that year can be grown into commercial clams by August and September. Individual weight gain can reach 10 times or more, and group weight gain can reach 8 times or more. Finished products listed on the market are more than 6 times heavier than stocked seedlings.
Lake areas that have been planted with seedlings are generally able to reproduce naturally and form dominant populations. The seedlings can no longer be planted in the second year. If the catch is too large in the year, the natural proliferation will be insufficient. In order to ensure the production of the next year, seedlings should be continued. In general, fish farming is conducted in rivers and aquaculture waters, and fish-restricting facilities should be set up around the waters to prevent the escape of farmed fish and the entry of large wild fish from outside.
The breeding of young larvae in fish farms must be stopped 2 to 3 years in advance and stop the cultivation of herring and squid that are harmful to river otters. Clearance of herring, squid and sea bream in the waters, improvement of stocking structure of raising fish in puffer waters, and increase of breeding stocks Fish, reduce carp, stabilize grass carp, carp, do not put herring, carp, to promote the growth of river mussels; conditional should also snail snails, remove aquatic plants, reduce the river eel's rivals.
In order to raise river rafts in large lakes, fish netting foils must be constructed to prevent the invading pests of river rafts. The catchment of the river can be carried out all year round. The catching tool uses a stencil net or 耙 , ,, about 2 centimeters in mesh. Single boat operation, generally husband and wife block, male picking slightly picking women, to ensure that the river gauge specifications neat, no miscellaneous without injury. Each boat works for 8 hours a day and can start to catch about 300 kilograms. The day of shipment will be dispatched on the same day to ensure the quality of live animals. The canal is packed in sacks or thin plastic woven bags. Each bag of 20 to 30 kilograms, uniform specifications, appearance and tidy.
The packaged river clams can be shipped by land, water or air. Pay attention to keeping the temperature and humidity low during transportation and avoid wind and sun exposure. The transportation period is 7 to 10 days in winter and spring, and 3 to 5 days in summer and autumn. Transportation in summer and autumn should be cooled with ice and transported by refrigeration.
(3) The area of ​​pond ponds and river ponds is 2 mu or more, the water depth is more than 1 meter, and the sediment is suitable for sandy soil, with a thickness of about 20 cm. Tongkou has live water sources and there is no pollution. Seedling stocking can be carried out throughout the year, and it is advisable to stock it from Bailu to before the beginning of summer.
Before stocking, pool water should be drained to remove snails and mites. Exposure for 15-20 days. Then inject water and fertilize. Fertilizer can be used chicken manure or other farmhouse fertilizer, apply 3 to 4 Tam per acre. Each acre stocking seedlings l00 kg or so.
Seedlings after stocking. Water fertility, water-green color, transparency about 35 cm should be maintained. The color of the water can be cultivated regularly, and it can also be fed with soy flour, wheat bran or rice bran. Pay attention to the water quality can not be too fat, when over-fertilizer can add new water, adjust the water quality. During the breeding period, fertilizers or pesticides should not be used, otherwise it is easy to cause the death of the river clam.
Raft ponds can be mixed with oysters, oysters, grasses, and squid at the same time, but they cannot be mixed with blue or squid. River otters can reproduce continuously in ponds. When stocking larvae in the second year, the amount of stocking can be appropriately reduced. After 5 to 6 months, the ponds can grow into commercial specifications. More than 4.5 grams of body weight, about 200 per kilogram, can be arrested and listed. You can use the scorpion net or scorpion net, and catch and catch the edge to screen and catch large and small. The small-sized river clams were returned to the original pool and kept.
1. Transplanted Hemorrhoids in different places:
Both the black shell oysters and the wild yellow shell oysters are the same species, namely Cobicula flaminca, and Cyrena aurea and Corbicula comioa are different synonyms in different ecological environments. With convenient transportation, the Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou regions are the export bases for foreign trade and river rafts in Jiangsu Province. After many years of high-intensity fishing, the size of river rafts and black locusts is too small, and the output cannot meet the export needs. It is of great significance to transplant the Heyu River, a resource-rich river in northern Jiangsu, to South Jiangsu and direct the cultivation of black locusts.
The weather in the spring and autumn seasons is suitable, and the transportation mortality rate is low. It is the best time for transplanting river otters and should be sourced as much as possible. The initial twilight has little influence on the future orientation and it does not need to consider the individual size. The commonly used suction snail barge can collect several tons of river rafts within one or two hours. Usually do not need to pick, direct loading. Cover with wet sacks or mats to avoid direct sunlight. The flooding time of the river should be controlled within two days and nights.
2, choose breeding site:
The river clam is best suited for reproduction and growth in waters with a smooth flow and slow flow. The water quality is basically alkaline, with a transparency of about 1 meter and a water velocity of 0.1-0.6 m/s. The water flow is too fast, and the proliferation of seedlings should not be attached, and large cockroaches are also easy to wash away with the rapids. The water flow is too slow, the floating mud is easy to precipitate, and the food brought in by the water flow is also less.
Generally, there can be sandbars and grasslands in the tributary of the rivers or on the upstream of the rivers, and the land under them is broad and flat. It is also possible to choose rivers and beaches to be curved. The choice of soft mud bottom or muddy bottom, muddy gray black, organic-rich water in the bottom bed will help to directionally cultivate high-quality black clams. The water surface ranges from a few hundred square meters to a few hectares with a water depth of 0.5 to 3.0 meters, which is suitable for management. According to the terrain, bamboo bars are used to intercept enemies such as squid ingress and egress.
3, feeding and management:
River otters transferred from different places should be sowed in time and evenly into the aquaculture waters. Before entering the water, pay special attention to the removal of eel and herring. Although the river raft can normally grow at a high density that overlaps each Other, the transplanting raft still has a breeding density of about 1 ton/667 square meters. The temperature range of 9 ~ 32 °C, feeding plankton and algae. Below 50°C, feeding activities are stopped, and above 32°C can cause massive deaths.
It is necessary to regularly inspect the breeding grounds, depending on the quality of the water, to make some bean cakes, rice bran, etc. from time to time. Samples were taken for inspection of shell color and individual growth. Due to different feed and stocking densities, there are differences in growth.
Under normal circumstances, the conversion of the shell color to black can be completed within one year, and 80% of the export specifications can reach the body length of 2.5 cm or more. The river raft is very strong, resistant to hypoxia, and has few patients. However, it is necessary to strictly prevent the intrusion of natural enemies such as blue, squid, mallard and Chinese sturgeon.
4, reasonable fishing and proliferation:
To meet the needs of exports, the breeding grounds are mostly harvested in four seasons. In order to avoid drastic reduction of resources and small individuals due to massive fishing, the following measures are recommended.
First, plan fishing in the calving area. The same region uses two years as a cycle, catches for one year, and stops for one year to ensure its full growth.
Second, in the calving area, a part of the jaundice will be regularly transplanted and will be harvested after it is dark. The proliferation of migratory mites is the first year after transplantation. During this year, it is not appropriate to fish, and river rafts should be fully adapted and propagated to the new area. Any person who cannot be repaired due to injury caused by transportation or trauma, will be allowed to spontaneously eliminate the death.
River frogs dioecious, occasionally hermaphrodites. Breeding habits vary from place to place. The river raft in Fuzhou can be bred all year round, and it is the peak season from July to August. In the Jiangsu area, the peak period of Hetian breeding lasted from early June to the end of September. When the shell length was 12 mm, the gonads reached maturity, and the amount of eggs and sperm increased with the increase in individual size. The gonads mature in stages, and mature sperm or eggs are discharged into water and meet and fertilize in the water. The fertilized eggs acquire nutrition from the parotid glands in the internal iliac crest, experience the larval larval stage, and grow to 200 micrometers in vitro. After a period of surface larvae floated, they drifted to the bottom with the flow of water. After two weeks to one month, it gradually developed into needle-like white pups and began to camp benthic life. After another 15 to 30 days, it can grow into small grains of rice size. 3 months can be about 11 mm in length. At this point the gonads are nearing maturity and growth begins to slow down. The above process occurred quietly in the river-breeding aquaculture water area after the transplant.
If the water is shallow, a large amount of white mucilage can appear on the river bed during the prosperous period of the river raft. This is the seedling of the river raft. Generally, no special management measures need to be taken. It is only necessary to be careful about the invasion of natural enemies such as carp during breeding. It should also pay attention to the turbid water, because the sediment is too large, and its precipitation will cause large-scale seedlings to suffocate and die. The life span of the river is generally 3 to 5 years, and the maximum shell length is 35 mm. One year of cycle fishing can be started after a successful transition of transplants for one year. In the case of excessive fishing intensity, new transplants may be added during the arrest period. In the same water area, both old and new river canals can grow well.
(II) Lakes Restocking Large and medium-sized lakes with an area of ​​more than 20,000 mu of rivers and lakes, or small lakes with a size of 10,000 mu or so can be selected. Suitable lake areas or lake-wide stockings can be selected. The water depth of Yanghu Lake is about 2 meters. The bottom is muddy or sandy, and the terrain is relatively flat. It has certain fertility, no pollution, and plenty of plankton. In general, the amount of phytoplankton is 500,000 per liter or more, and the amount of zooplankton is more than 5000 per liter. The water is greenish-brown in color and its transparency is 45-80 cm. The seedling stocking season is appropriate from March to April or September to October each year. The stocking specifications are 0.5-1.2 cm long and 0.5-1 g body weight, generally 1500-2200 kg. Seedlings are caught in high quality, dense lake areas and require pure varieties.
Transportation can be carried in carts, ships in bulk or in straw bags or sacks. Keep damp during transportation and avoid wind and sun. After the seedlings arrive, they are distributed evenly according to a pre-selected lake area. The density is about 15 kilograms per acre. The seedlings that were stocked in March and April of that year can be grown into commercial clams by August and September. Individual weight gain can reach 10 times or more, and group weight gain can reach 8 times or more. Finished products listed on the market are more than 6 times heavier than stocked seedlings.
Lake areas that have been planted with seedlings are generally able to reproduce naturally and form dominant populations. The seedlings can no longer be planted in the second year. If the catch is too large in the year, the natural proliferation will be insufficient. In order to ensure the production of the next year, seedlings should be continued. In general, fish farming is conducted in rivers and aquaculture waters, and fish-restricting facilities should be set up around the waters to prevent the escape of farmed fish and the entry of large wild fish from outside.
The breeding of young larvae in fish farms must be stopped 2 to 3 years in advance and stop the cultivation of herring and squid that are harmful to river otters. Clearance of herring, squid and sea bream in the waters, improvement of stocking structure of raising fish in puffer waters, and increase of breeding stocks Fish, reduce carp, stabilize grass carp, carp, do not put herring, carp, to promote the growth of river mussels; conditional should also snail snails, remove aquatic plants, reduce the river eel's rivals.
In order to raise river rafts in large lakes, fish netting foils must be constructed to prevent the invading pests of river rafts. The catchment of the river can be carried out all year round. The catching tool uses a stencil net or 耙 , ,, about 2 centimeters in mesh. Single boat operation, generally husband and wife block, male picking slightly picking women, to ensure that the river gauge specifications neat, no miscellaneous without injury. Each boat works for 8 hours a day and can start to catch about 300 kilograms. The day of shipment will be dispatched on the same day to ensure the quality of live animals. The canal is packed in sacks or thin plastic woven bags. Each bag of 20 to 30 kilograms, uniform specifications, appearance and tidy.
The packaged river clams can be shipped by land, water or air. Pay attention to keeping the temperature and humidity low during transportation and avoid wind and sun exposure. The transportation period is 7 to 10 days in winter and spring, and 3 to 5 days in summer and autumn. Transportation in summer and autumn should be cooled with ice and transported by refrigeration.
(3) The area of ​​pond ponds and river ponds is 2 mu or more, the water depth is more than 1 meter, and the sediment is suitable for sandy soil, with a thickness of about 20 cm. Tongkou has live water sources and there is no pollution. Seedling stocking can be carried out throughout the year, and it is advisable to stock it from Bailu to before the beginning of summer.
Before stocking, pool water should be drained to remove snails and mites. Exposure for 15-20 days. Then inject water and fertilize. Fertilizer can be used chicken manure or other farmhouse fertilizer, apply 3 to 4 Tam per acre. Each acre stocking seedlings l00 kg or so.
Seedlings after stocking. Water fertility, water-green color, transparency about 35 cm should be maintained. The color of the water can be cultivated regularly, and it can also be fed with soy flour, wheat bran or rice bran. Pay attention to the water quality can not be too fat, when over-fertilizer can add new water, adjust the water quality. During the breeding period, fertilizers or pesticides should not be used, otherwise it is easy to cause the death of the river clam.
Raft ponds can be mixed with oysters, oysters, grasses, and squid at the same time, but they cannot be mixed with blue or squid. River otters can reproduce continuously in ponds. When stocking larvae in the second year, the amount of stocking can be appropriately reduced. After 5 to 6 months, the ponds can grow into commercial specifications. More than 4.5 grams of body weight, about 200 per kilogram, can be arrested and listed. You can use the scorpion net or scorpion net, and catch and catch the edge to screen and catch large and small. The small-sized river clams were returned to the original pool and kept.
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