Cellar storage of tomatoes

Low temperatures in the autumn and winter seasons, such as the north and northwest regions of China, make use of the common crypts in rural areas to obtain good storage effects. If it can be harvested in mid-October, it will be stored in the cellar for 1-2 months before it is harvested. In addition to cellars, the use of natural caves and air-raid shelters to refit storage is also worth considering. The basic principle of cellar storage: Because of the poor thermal conductivity of the soil. The change in temperature is much smaller than that in the atmosphere. When the outside is cold in winter, it is conducive to heat preservation. In the autumn and early winter, when the outside temperature is too high, the temperature inside the cellar can still be kept low. The humidity in the soil is also relatively stable, which helps to prevent the fruit from contracting. In addition. The gas exchange in the soil is poor, and the cellar is generally covered with coverings. Therefore, the cellar has the natural atmosphere-regulating effect of accumulating carbon dioxide and reducing oxygen. (i) The cellar base for building cellar cellars should generally be located in an area with flat, high dryness, a relatively high-quality, low groundwater level, well-drained water, and convenient transportation. The forms and structures of the cellars vary from wells to pits, cellars, and kilns. 1. Shed Cellar The northern part of China is used for storage of cabbage and can also be used for storage of tomatoes. According to the depth of the earth, there are two types, underground and semi-underground. The warmer areas in North China or areas with higher groundwater levels are semi-underground, while the northeastern regions are often underground. Generally semi-subterranean earthwork 1-1.5 meters, ground earthworks 1-1.5 meters, underground person 2.5-3 meters, width 2.5-6 meters, the length depends on the storage volume, generally about 20 meters , too long is not easy to manage. At the time of construction, the earth can be excavated in the middle, and then photographed after excavation to build a wall with a height of 0.8-1 meter and a width of 70-80 centimeters. Shelves in North China often have 40 square meters on the walls of the south, north and west. Centimeter vents. The top of the shed cover is made of wood, bamboo poles, etc., and some of the pillars are placed under the beams, and 15-30 cm thick bundles of stalks are laid on top of the sheds, and covered with 15-30 cm thick soil. Several cellar openings are provided at the top for access, ventilation and ventilation. The number and size of the cellar openings depend on the climate. Large cellar cellars have cellar doors at both ends or on one side, facilitating the loading and unloading of the front, as well as enhancing ventilation and cooling during the initial storage period. In order to reduce the temperature, a barrier of 1.7 to 1.8 meters high can be set on the south side of the pit. 2. Well cellar and kiln cellar are suitable for the northwest region of China where the groundwater level is low, and the soil is heavy and solid. It can be built on the hillside. Such cellars can also be used for storage of sweet potatoes and so on. The cellar body of the pit is deep underground, first digging down the surface of the wellhead with a diameter of about 1 meter, 3-4 meters deep, and digging from the bottom of the well to one or several heights of about 1.5 meters, length 8.4 meters, width 1 - The cave of the rice. The top is arched and the bottom is horizontal. The wellhead leans outwards and digs drains around it. When it is stored, the top is covered with wood or cement boards. The kiln cellar should be constructed on the hills facing the north or on the slopes of the earth, and it is required to select areas with high dryness and deep soil. During the construction, a door facing the north is generally dug, and then it is similar to the way of building a cave dwelling. Generally it is 6-8 meters deep, 1-2 meters wide, and 2-2.5 meters high. The top is arched and the bottom can be inclined or flat. The cellar door is smaller than the kiln, but it should be suitable for handling. In order to avoid light and prevent heating, the kiln door is closed with a straw. (ii) Harvesting and pre-cooling of the fruit were harvested when the field temperature in the northern summer and early autumn fell to 8-10°C, and the tomatoes cultivated in the late fall were harvested when the temperature inside the bowl fell below 8°C. Maturity still requires the surface of the tomato fruit to be whitened, not ripe for long-term storage, poor quality, and low food value. The harvested fruit is placed in a wooden box or other storage container and placed on ventilated overnight to reduce the temperature of the fruit. In the northern rural areas, the harvested tomatoes can be stored in the fields for the night in the fall and harvested in the early morning of the next day. Generally, pre-cooling can be achieved. The effect of pre-cooling is to reduce the temperature of the fruit, thereby reducing the respiratory intensity. If it is not cooled, it is put into a storage storm. Because the temperature is too high, the fruit is perishable and the heat rate is fast, which is not conducive to prolonging the storage period. (c) Into the cellar, ask the open vents and doors in the pits in the evening to reduce the temperature in the pits. Before entering the kiln, attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the pit, which can be sealed with 0.5% peroxy acetic acid after spraying, and can also be disinfected with bleaching powder or thiophanate. Well pits, kiln pits, etc. are best to scrape the topsoil in the pits before each storage season to reduce the number of eggs and germs. Before entering the cellar, the cellar shall be provided with 10 cm thick de-leafed corn stalks or foils braided with bamboo rods on both the north and south sides of the cellar. In late October or early November, when the temperature is cool in the early morning, the precooled tomato fruit is brought into the pit and stacked on the corn stover or bamboo foil, depending on the size of the pit. Placement should be paid attention to leave the sidewalk, but also pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, not to make the local accumulation of tomato fruit mostly, resulting in poor gas exchange, heat emissions can not be opened. (D) Management of cellar storage is also the use of poor heat transfer properties of the soil to store tomatoes. The autumn night is cool, and the daily temperature may still be as high as 20°C or higher. This is bad for tomato storage. With the newly released tomatoes having a strong respiratory intensity, the initial focus is on cooling, night or low temperatures. Open the doors and vents to cool down, seal the vents before the sun comes out in the morning, and try to keep the interior cooler. In the season, the outdoor temperature in northern China is often below 0°C. This will also cause cold damage. Therefore, the main task of winter is to keep warm, block the vents and windows, and keep the temperature as appropriate as possible, but close for a long time. Doors and vents can cause excessive internal humidity, excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide, and the rot of tomatoes. The relative humidity of tomatoes stored is 85-90%. For this reason, you can go to dry and sunny days at noon. Open the vents and skylights for proper ventilation and dehumidification. The cooling and insulation of the cellar are closely related to the cover. The temperature characteristics of different regions should be used to treat straw and land or alternately. During the whole cellar storage period, the stored fruits were checked once every other week. Mature fruits were detected and sold. At the same time, rot and moldy fruits were detected, and the boxes were replaced with disinfected boxes. If the mature fruit still wants to be stored for a while, it can be stored in a cold storage room at about 2°C. It can be stored for one week to two weeks. However, it should generally be sold immediately after it is mature to ensure that it has a certain shelf life in the retail market. China Agricultural Network Editor

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