Konjac flour is an ovoid particle of grape mannan (KG) that is contained in the konjac bulbs. It contains a small amount of impurities, the processing method is different, and its commodity value is not the same. I. Classification of konjac flour processing technology Dry processing technology Fresh wolfberry processing Dry konjac sheet (corner) technology Dry konjac sheet (corner) Processing powder technology Fine powder refinement processing Micropowder technology Wet processing technology Organic solvent protection Processing powder Technology Inorganic solvent protection Processed powder technology Dry-wet process combined purification Processed powder technology Water-pulverizing Quick-processing powder technology Second, dry processing technology 1. Fresh konjac bulb processing dry konjac film (corner) technology (1) Process: selected Material ---- Cleaning ---- Surface Drying ---- Peeling, Rooting--Slicing (Angle)----Color Protection----Drying----Testing----Packaging 2. Dry konjac sheet (corner) processing powder technology (1) Process flow: sorting ---- grinding and grinding ---- separation - sieving---- inspection---- finished product packaging (2 ) Operation points: dry film (corner) sorting: dry konjac film (corner) before entering the machine should be opened according to strict management of sorting, good grades, to prevent any foreign material into the machine. The skein (corner) that has not been dried or deteriorated cannot be machined. Grinding and grinding: In order to ensure the same purity of the glucomannan contained in the finished powder, it is necessary to control the weight of the dry chips (corner) of each incoming machine to be the same, and the grinding time of the same grade and the same batch of dry chips (corners) must be controlled. equal. Separation: It is required to master the control of induced wind before the damper adjusts the opening degree to the appropriate opening. The wind pressure has a certain amount of wind pressure and air volume. The throttle opening is reduced and the air pressure is increased. The fine powder can be easily drawn away by the high-speed draft. The opening of the throttle is enlarged, the air pressure is small, and the dust and other impurities in the fine powder are not easily separated completely. Sieving: In order to make the fine powder sieve completely in the process of screen mesh vibration, it is necessary to grasp the tilt angle of the reciprocating screen or the angle between two eccentric hammers of the three-dimensional circular screen machine to adjust to the best state. Inspection: Routine inspection of color, moisture content, viscosity, etc. is carried out according to relevant standards for different batches and grades of refined powder. Finished product packaging: generally requires three-tier packaging. The inner layer is made of thick plastic bags (non-toxic type), the middle layer is made of cloth or kraft paper bags, and the outer layer is made of woven bags or small sacks. The weight of each bag is carried out according to the user's requirements, and the label is affixed when sealing. Packaged products are stacked and stored in grades and require the warehouse to be dry, ventilated, and not humid. 3, fine powder refinement processing micropowder technology (1) process flow: dry wet powder - grinding (refining) ---- sieving - packaging (2) operating points: fine powder ( >180 mesh) Wide range of uses, characterized by shortened puffing time, instant water-soluble, is the raw material for the production of instant dry drinks and other food additives. In view of the fact that konjak flour is an oval-shaped crystal with toughness and toughness, the main point of operation is that in the grinding process, the temperature is controlled mainly, and it is not allowed to exceed the temperature of the self-pulp (cooking) of the fine powder so as to ensure the inherent quality and make it invariant and deteriorated. Third, wet processing technology 1, organic solvents (refers to alcohol consumption) to protect the processing of fine powder technology (1) process: material selection ---- cleaning ---- surface drying - to root, bud, crush ( At the same time add ethanol, color protection agent) ---- Grinding ---- (Filter separation - washing - dehydration - drying) - recover ethanol - sieving - -- Inspection ---- Packaging (2) Operation points: Selection of materials: A large, weight konjac bulb should be selected as much as possible. Bulbs weighing less than 200 g should not be processed due to low glucomannan content. Cleaning: At present, artificial and mechanical methods are used. The purpose is to wash the debris on the bulb surface to improve the purity of konjac products. Dry surface: In order to prevent dehydration of roots, buds, and skins, grape mannan should be puffed. The moisture on the surface of konjac bulbs should be quickly dried or dried. The natural drying is to dry the washed konjac bulbs with a dry cloth or a towel, place them on a mat or a bamboo mat, and dry them in a ventilated place under the sun. Hot air drying is to dry the surface of konjac bulbs with a dry cloth or towel, and then blow it dry with hot air at a temperature of 100--150°C for 10-20 seconds. Hot air drying can also be carried out on the conveyor belt with counter-current conveying. Roots, buds, and skins: The surface of the konjac bulbs that have been dried is removed from the outer layer of the skin, especially the insect eyes and rots must be scraped clean so as not to affect the color of the product. Peeling methods are artificial, mechanical, and chemical methods. Crushing: The use of organic solvents (edible alcohol) as a dehydrating protective solvent processing, the concentration of alcohol content is very critical, if the ratio of alcohol to fresh quail weight is 1:1, then the alcohol concentration is more than 65%. In the process of processing fine flour, dissolving sodium sulfite into the 65% or more alcohol dosing tank (pool) according to the proportion of 100--300ppm, and use it in proportion when grinding, so as to maintain the whiteness of the refined powder product. Less impurities, bleaching, dehydration, anti-oxidation browning effect. Grinding: Using a grinder with adjustable clearance, excessive clearance does not play the role of grinding to dust; the gap is too small, which also affects the grinding efficiency. Filtration separation: continuous, intermittent centrifuges are available. For the smooth separation of fine powder, ash powder, sundries, water, etc., the filter mesh is preferably 100 mesh. Washing: The purpose is to further clean the non-glucomannan substances on the surface of the fine powder and increase the purity. In order to save alcohol consumption, about 30% concentration is used for stirring, washing and stirring, and the rotation speed is 60-80 rpm. Dehydration: The centrifuged separator is used to dehydrate the washed fine powder, and the filter still uses 100 mesh. The fine powder is a wet granular crystal with a water content of about 40% to 50% after dehydration. Drying: The drying process is the key to making wet powder and extracting fine powder. It does not simply remove moisture from the crystals. It is important that the final quality of glucomannan is ensured by drying. Air drying is a better way. After the dried product is dried, the moisture content is controlled within 13%. When dry, the temperature is 90--100°C and the time is about 2 minutes. Low temperature, short time, can not reach the purpose of drying; high temperature, long time; will make glucomannan paste (matured) discoloration, denaturation, deterioration, affect the color, viscosity and expansion coefficient. In the matching of drying equipment, the selection and adjustment of parameters such as fan, air pressure, air volume, and wind speed, etc., the smoothness of the inner wall of the drying cylinder (especially the connection and welding part) is of vital importance. The inner wall is not smooth, resulting in dead ends. A small amount of fine powder is yellowed, battered, grayed, and blackened in the inner baking for a long time. Mixing in white fine powder will seriously affect the quality level of the product. (3) Recycling alcohol process: In the process of producing fine flour, it is required to collect the waste liquid at the same time and recover the alcohol quickly and synchronously. 2. Inorganic solvent protection processing fine powder technology (1) Process flow: washing material ---- cleaning - surface drying - peeling, root, bud - crushing (adding inorganic solvent and protecting Color agent)----grinding----filter separation--washing--dehydration--drying----screening----inspection----packing (2) operation points : Formulas using inorganic solvents, the residual amount of hazardous products processed by the refined powder products should meet the food hygiene standards. 3. Organic, inorganic, wet, and method processing methods (1) Organic methods All food processing processes use edible alcohol as a protective agent. The quality of the refined powder is white and the quality is good. Although the equipment investment is relatively large, the processing technology is relatively high. Complexity, high management technology and level requirements, and the cost of processed products are relatively high. (2) The use of inorganic solvents as protective agents in the inorganic process, low processing costs, small equipment investment, simple processing technology, low management technology and level requirements, and product quality is inferior to the organically processed product quality. Due to the prolonged expansion time, the residual amount of harmful substances easily exceeds the standard, and it is affected in export trade. 4. Dry and wet combined purification and processing of fine powder technology (1) Low-grade fine powder purification and processing of fine powder technology: The use of lower-grade fine powder of quality grade, through a series of processing to produce a processing technology with a quality grade increase of 1-2 grades . a. Process flow: low-level fine powder----swelling (adding alcohol and color-protecting agent at the same time)----stirring----grinding----(filter----washing----dehydration-- - Drying) ---- Recycling alcohol ---- Screening ---- Inspection ---- Packaging b. Operational points: Preparation of swelling protection color protection solution, the concentration of 25% alcohol, sodium sulfite concentration of 200ppm. According to the protective solution and low-quality fine powder weight ratio of 5:1 into the processing process. The low-level fine powder should be continuously stirred in the swelling cylinder, stirring speed 60--80 minutes, time 30--40 minutes, the main purpose is to make the fine powder particles swell and increase without swelling phenomenon, convenient The next step is to polish the surface to remove non-glucomannan impurities. The rest of the procedure is the same as the wet method (organic) operation. (2) Dry purification process powder technology a. Process flow: wet (organic) powder - grinding - sieving - - inspection - packaging b. Operational points: The purpose of the purification is to grind off the coarse, non-smooth gray dust adhering to the surface of the fine powder. Grinding time can not be too long, about 1 minute can be. The polished powdered product has a smooth, translucent, white crystal appearance and is a high-quality, superfine powder. 5, water smashing speed processing of fine powder technology (1) process: material selection ---- cleaning ---- surface drying - peeling, roots, buds ---- rapid smash - rapid filtration Separation----protection and laundering----dehydration----dry----screening----inspection----packing (2) Operation points: Konjac glucomannan particles have high Hydrophilicity, particularly in contact with water, tends to expand to produce a viscous sol, which is a serious obstacle to the crushing operation. The rapid comminution with water, rapid filtration and separation immediately into the alcohol protection solution, and then washing, grinding, dehydration, drying is feasible. The time required for rapid comminution is as short as possible to allow the glucomannan particles to enter into the alcohol protection solution before they expand, and then undergo protective processing. Such a process can reduce the amount of alcohol, reduce product costs, and reduce the investment in equipment. 5. The storage of konjac flour is to keep the flour free of moisture, discoloration, invariability and deterioration during storage for a long time, and maintain the pharmacological health care function and utilization value of the flour. The method of storage is room temperature storage and low temperature. Storage, frozen storage, vacuum storage, nitrogen storage, etc., China is currently the main storage at room temperature. Stored containers should be airtight to protect against moisture. The warehouse should have facilities such as drying, moisture protection, ventilation, and no light. China Agricultural Network Editor
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