Sea cucumber is a treasure in the sea. At present, there are about 20 types of edible sea cucumber recorded in China. Among them, the sea cucumbers produced in China's Liaoning Province and Shandong Province have the highest nutritional and medicinal values. Chinese people around the world have the habit of eating sea cucumbers. In addition to protein, sea cucumber contains a large amount of acidic mucopolysaccharides, various amino acids, and a higher proportion of other bioactive substances such as sea cucumber, sea cucumber toxin, and various unsaturated fatty acids, which have anti-tumor, biological immunity enhancement and immunity. Coagulation, mildew resistance and other effects can be used to treat or assist in the treatment of certain diseases such as tuberculosis, neurasthenia, impotence, stomach and duodenal ulcers and diabetes, tuberculosis hemoptysis, and aplastic anaemia. Due to the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for sea cucumbers has steadily increased, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. China has become the world’s leading importer of sea cucumbers. According to relevant data, China’s annual consumption of sea cucumbers is about 15,000 tons, and more than half comes from Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Canada and Africa and other countries and regions. As sea cucumbers have important nutritional value and medicinal value, their artificial seedlings and aquaculture have received more and more attention, and spontaneous mass breeding activities have been vigorous and vigorous. However, there are reports on the biology and ecology of sea cucumbers at home and abroad. Rarely, there is a lack of systematic information on culturing technologies. Based on the above reasons, Prof. Chang Yaqing of Dalian Fisheries University edited a book entitled "Biological research and breeding of sea cucumber sea urchin." This book will be officially published and published in September this year at Ocean Press. The book collected a large number of relevant domestic and foreign research data, including some of the author's recent research results, systematically summarized the biological and ecological content of sea cucumber and sea urchin, as well as artificial breeding and breeding techniques. This newspaper will select some of the contents of the book and publish it in this newspaper in serial form to readers. First, the acquisition of pro-ginseng 1. The larger the size of sea cucumber, the more the amount of eggs, the better the maturation of eggs, so you should try to select the larger individual as a pro-ginseng. Relevant reports indicate that individuals weighing 130-255 g have an average gonad weight of 34.7 g and an average gonadal index of 16.6%. Individuals weighing 115-200 g have an average gonad weight of 17.6 g and a body weight of 80 g. In 110 grams of individuals, the gonad averages 5.6 grams. Therefore, as a parent, choose a body length of 20 cm or more and a body weight of more than 200 g. 2. The acquisition time is to obtain the pro-growth of the gonads, and it is necessary to grasp the time of pro-acquisition. Many years of practical experience have shown that the collection of pro-ginseng should be from May to August before its spawning peak, that is, when the natural sea area water temperature reaches 15°C to 17°C, the specific collection time can be obtained by collecting a small amount of sea cucumbers for dissection and observation. Its gonad development is determined. Early harvesting, poor gonadal development, long storage time, easy to cause gonadal atrophy or spawning, and will increase management costs; late capture, sea cucumbers have been discharged in the natural sea area, will lose the opportunity to obtain eggs Even if eggs can be obtained, the amount of eggs will be reduced, and the quality is difficult to guarantee, making it more difficult to grow larvae. Due to the different recovery of water temperatures in different regions, the best time for catching is different in different regions. In general, the coastal areas of Dalian and the northern part of the Yellow Sea are from late June to early July. The coastal areas of the Bohai Sea are from late May to early June. The Qingdao area is suitable for the early June and late June and the northern coast of Shandong Province. . 3. Problems to be Noted in Harvesting (1) Strictly avoiding the involvement of the sea in oil-pollution contact. Because the oil-polluting can make the paraginal skin rot (body wall autolysis), special attention must be paid. Divers and operators should clean their hands before touching the sea cucumber. Do not use oily hands to directly touch the sea cucumber. The holding vessel on board and the temporary seawater shall not be stained with oil. (2) Try to avoid mechanical irritation and damage. The pro-species are usually collected by divers in order to prevent the pro-species from squeezing or spawning and spawning eggs. The number of captures should not be too large. The density of the pro-ginseng collected on the vessel should not be too high. The density should be controlled within 300 heads/cubic meter or less, and the water should be changed frequently during temporary maintenance. Also avoid exposure to high temperatures and direct light, cover it with a blind and place it in the shade. 4. The pro-ginseng from the shipment of pro-ginseng should be returned to the breeding site in the shortest time. The density can be placed in a plastic bag with 2 heads/liter of water and kept in the incubator to maintain the temperature and return to the breeding site as soon as possible. There is no need to inflate during transportation to avoid contamination of the water by the foaming of seawater in the mixture of seawater and the parent compound. If the transportation time is too long, you need to change the water midway to ensure the water quality in the holding tank. In order to prevent filth due to squeezing each other, the containers used in the transportation are preferably delaminated. Second, the pro-ginseng stockings used for collection and rearing usually require storage for a period of time before they can lay eggs. Before entering the culture pool, individuals with damaged organs and damaged skin should be sorted out so as not to continue to fester and affect other individuals in stocking. To control the stocking density, the density of the parent ginseng during storage should be controlled at about 20 heads per cubic meter, and the density is too high. Due to dissolved oxygen and other reasons, it will affect the development of gonads. Studies have shown that the dissolved oxygen in the ginseng stocking pool cannot be lower than 5 Mg/ml to 6 mg/ml. Stones, hollow bricks, black corrugated boards, etc. can be added to the bottom of the pool where the parents participate. During the period of stocking, the bait is generally not fed, and the water is changed once a day in the morning and evening. The amount of water exchanged is generally 1/2 or 1/3 of the water volume of the pool. When the water is changed, the bottom dirt and excrement and the dirty individual must be promptly removed. . Observe the activities of the pro-ginseng at any time. If there are signs of spawning, prepare for spawning in time. Third, the artificial warming up of the pro-ginseng promotes familiarity in the pro-constrained areas and in order to raise seedlings in advance, often using pro-ginseng indoor temperature, promote cooked method. In this way, the culturing of juveniles can be prolonged in the indoor incubation period, and large-sized seedlings can be cultivated in that year. In addition, due to the low temperature of natural seawater, there are fewer enemy predators in the water, which can reduce or avoid the harm to the larvae of sea cucumber. The pro-ginseng is generally collected from the pool 2 to 3 months in advance. During the ripening process, it is necessary to warm up the cultivation water in a planned way to promote the development of the progeny gonads, so that they mature earlier and spawn. Stichopus japonicus at 13 °C ~ 15 °C when the most food intake. Do not warm up in the first 3 days after entering the pool. When the life is stable, increase the temperature by 1°C per day. Must not be heated too fast to avoid excessive temperature rise, leading to filthy ginseng. When the temperature rises to 13 °C ~ 16 °C should be incubated at a constant temperature, do not continue to heat until 7 days to 10 days before spawning. Studies have shown that when the accumulated temperature reaches around 800°C, the gonads of the parental ginseng can mature and naturally release. During the whole ripening process, it is necessary to feed bait. The bait can use natural food or artificial compound feed. The daily feeding amount is 5% to 10% of the body weight of the sea cucumber. Feed the seaweed powder or seaweed powder daily and mix the bait containing organic sediment. The amount of feed depends on the quality of the water and the feeding conditions. In order to make sure that the familiar probiotics have normal day and night feeding habits, black cloth is used during the day to prevent them from squeezing in the corners of the pool during the daytime. In addition, feeds should be stopped one week before preparation for collecting gametes for artificial insemination.