The fertilization plan formulated by the experts for the high-yield planting of spring maize this year is generally composed of three fertilization methods: base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and topdressing fertilizer. At present, there are two types of fertilization schemes for planting spring maize in northern China. The first course uses compound fertilizer and urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride with appropriate ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and fertilizes the old three-stage fertilization method, ie, compound fertilizer is used as a deep-fertilizer for base fertilizer; Phosphorus diammonium is used as a seed fertilizer. Applied under the seed and separated; urea applied as top dressing in the jointing stage of corn. The advantages of this three-stage fertilization method can stably obtain higher yields in different years. The general yield level can reach 600-800 kilograms, and the safety factor for fertilization is large and the utilization rate is high. However, the disadvantage of Package One is that it is time-consuming and the farmers are increasingly reluctant to accept it.
In recent years, the fertilization methods in the main spring maize production areas in North China have undergone great changes. With the development of agricultural production to modernization, there has been a trend of simplification in cultivation and soil cultivation. First, the two major stages of sowing and harvesting have basically achieved mechanization. Fertilization has become the most tedious and complicated operation of farmland. Although the promotion of agricultural science and technology has been advocating the deepening of nitrogen-based fertilizers, the application of nitrogen fertilizers in different stages, the application of phosphorus-based fertilizers and seed fertilizers in a layered manner, some new simplified fertilization programs are still developing rapidly. Like package two, the “one-shot†or “one-time†fertilization method using a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (represented by 28-15-11) is used. The so-called "one-time application" means that the fertilizer needed for the whole growth period of spring corn is applied as a basal fertilizer at one time, and no fertilizer is applied afterwards. The advantage of this method of fertilization is that it is simple and labor-saving, but its effects vary from place to place and from time to time. According to a survey conducted in the Heilongjiang chernozem region, about 60% of the spring corn use one-off fertilization to increase production, 28% of the flat crop, and 10% of the reduction. The results of surveys applied to alluvial soils show that The probability of increasing production is reduced, and the probability of production cuts increases. These investigations indicate that the effect of this fertilization method is not yet stable. In addition, the safety factor of the fertilization method of Package 2 is relatively low, and farmers report more fertilization accidents.
For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the suitability of this fertilization method. First of all, it is necessary to look at the indicators of the output targets and safe and stable production of growers. Even in normal years and with the same nutrient inputs, one-time fertilization may not be better than staged fertilization. The performance level of spring corn per mu is generally not more than 500. ~ 600 kg. Because the effect of one-time fertilization is affected by many factors, the composition and quality of the fertilizer include the location of fertilization, sowing time, temperature and hydrothermal conditions. In some cases, it is not suitable to use “one-shot†or “one-time applicationâ€, for example, crops with longer growth periods such as winter wheat and spring corn. In high-yield areas, the soil fertility is high, and the sub-fertilizer application model of base fertilizer and top dressing should be implemented. This avoids the need to use too much chemical taboos at one time, and avoids excessive early growth and early postponed production of spring maize. Causes the problem of nitrogen loss, which is beneficial to increase crop yield.
Considered comprehensively, the suitable conditions for one-time fertilization are mainly in the areas with drought and low rainfall in the west. And many places are not suitable. For example, the irrigated land in North China will cause maize seedlings to remain unripe in the early stages, and will be defertilized later; the yield will be difficult to guarantee; and if there are more annual rainfalls in central and southern China, if fertilizers are applied once in corn fertilization, In the pre-sessional period, the grain is deferred when it is grouted, resulting in a decrease in yield.
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