Symptoms: The top leaves of infected tobacco plants stopped growing and lateral buds clustered. The upper part of the plant produced many hard and small twigs. The new leaves were small, and the main veins were short and hard and shrunken and the leaves were dark. The dwarfed plants are severe, and the leaves are small and shrunken. In later stages, the flowers are valanced and the petal is green and lobular. It does not normally bloom and fruit. In late-onset plants, only the upper leaves showed obvious symptoms.
The pathogen is caused by the fungal pathogen of tobacco witches' broom, belonging to genus Mycoplasma, abbreviated as MLO. The bacterial plasmid is polymorphous, single-celled, with a size of 50 to 960 nm, surrounded by a layer of unit membranes, with nuclear regions in the cytoplasm and ribosome particles present.
Transmission routes and disease conditions The pathogenic bacteria of the arbuscular mycoplasma are reported to infect 24 families and 65 species of plants, and they can overwinter on a variety of wild hosts such as field bindweed. In addition to the propagation of many leafhoppers, such as the big leafhopper and tobacco leafhopper, they can also be transmitted through grafting, dodder, and other methods. Once infected, the leafhopper will be infected for life. It can even spread through the eggs. With the poisonous leafhopper sucking tobacco, the mycoplasma was introduced into the phloem of the veins of the plant. The pathogens propagated in the phloem and spread through the tube holes in the screen. After the inoculation, the symptoms appear from 9 days to one month due to temperature, host and strain. Whereas the amount of overwintering leafhoppers is large, many infected wild hosts are present, and there is a climatic environment that promotes the migration of leafhoppers. When susceptible varieties are planted in large areas and the tobacco plants are in the susceptible stage, tobacco witches' broom disease occurs. Young plants are more susceptible to disease than aging plants. The temperature is lower than 25°C and the incubation period for disease is prolonged. Cold conditions develop slowly and are less harmful.
Prevention methods (1) Appropriately adjust the sowing date and transplanting period so that the young tobacco susceptible period avoids the peak period of the migration of leafhoppers. (2) Before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, weeds and surrounding weeds shall be removed. Solanaceous plants such as potatoes and tomatoes should not be planted near tobacco fields. (3) Before and after transplanting tobacco, spray insecticides, control leafhoppers on tobacco and surrounding weeds, and control their transmission.
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