In breeding meat rabbits, the breeding of rabbits is directly related to the economic benefits of farmers. There are many factors affecting the reproductive performance of meat rabbits, such as rabbit breed, age, nutritional level, breeding system, feeding and management, environment and breeding rabbit diseases. According to the rabbit's reproductive physiology, through the selection of excellent meat rabbit breeds, strengthening of feeding and management, appropriate breeding time and breeding methods, the reproductive performance of meat rabbits can be significantly improved.
I. Rabbit's reproductive physiology
Rabbits are grassy animals that have multiple births. Generally small rabbits are 3-4 months old, medium rabbits are 4-5 months old, and large rabbits reach sexual maturity at 5-6 months of age. Appropriate first-in-a-month small breeds are 4-5 months old, medium breeds 5-6 months old, large breeds are 7-8 months old, or when the body weight reaches 80% of the adult rabbit weight of the breed. Rabbits have the characteristics of stimulatory ovulation, the estrus cycle is 7-15 days, estrus is 3-5 days. The female rabbit has obvious estrus characteristics during estrus, and the most suitable breeding feature is the reproduction of the pudenda of the female rabbit. When the genitalia has a large amount of moisture and is particularly moist, the "pink early, purple later, and scarlet" are the same. Rabbits usually have 30-31 days of gestation, 20-30 minutes of delivery, and a few more than 1 hour. When the female rabbit has a childbirth, it usually does not need artificial care, but it should provide clean drinking water in time to prevent the female rabbit from biting the pups. The optimum breeding age of female rabbits is 1-3 years old. After 2.5 years of age, the fertility has gradually declined. Except for some excellent rabbits, no more than 3 years old should be reserved for breeding. The reproductive age of male rabbits can be appropriately extended depending on the body condition.
Second, choose a good meat rabbit breed
1. Choose healthy and disease-free, strong sexual desire, good motherhood, good reproductive organs, and female pigs with more than 4 pairs of nipples. Meat male rabbits require large size, fast growth, no disease, and obvious varieties.
2. Select breeds, strains, hybrid tissues and supporting strains that are suitable for local environmental conditions. Iplo rabbits and Zika rabbits are recommended. New Zealand rabbits and California rabbits are used. Parents of these two breeds are mated with large breeds (eg Belgian rabbits) to breed commercial rabbits. Raise female fertility and commercial meat rabbit production performance.
Third, strengthen the feeding and management of rabbits
1. The nutritional rabbits of male and female mating meat are too fat or too thin, the nutrition level is too low or the nutrition is not complete, which can cause the quality of male rabbit seminal fluid to fall and the female rabbit to be infertile. From the 2nd week before mating to the whole breeding period, fine and green materials should be used together with the addition of cooked soybean, soybean meal or fish meal. The crude protein in the diet will reach 16%-17%, which will provide adequate supply of protein and vitamins. Increase its fertility. During pregnancy, feeds are not fed with rotten, spoiled, frozen and beaten pesticides to prevent miscarriage or other loss of female rabbits.
2. Appropriate environment According to the insulation and cooling facilities and local climatic conditions, arrange the mating season and mating time. When the room temperature exceeds 30°C, the rabbit's appetite decreases and the libido declines. If the room temperature is lower than 5°C, the rabbit's libido will decrease and the breeding will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to choose air warming and breeding. Breeding male and female rabbits should always be in the sun, exercise properly, especially male rabbits can be released outside the cage for 1-2 hours a day. Breeding rabbit stables should be kept quiet to prevent fetal death or miscarriage due to strong noises and sudden sounds. Even female rabbits swallow or bite dead rabbits or cause infertility. Rabbits are happy to be tired and tired, and should keep the sanitation of the pens to prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases, coccidiosis, and rickets. Cold winters tend to make rabbits suffering from colds and pneumonia. Hot summers can make rabbits suffer from heat stroke. These can cause abortions in female rabbits and affect their fertility.
3, the proportion of male and female rabbits generally keep the male and female rabbits 1:8-10 ratio. Each rabbit is bred for no more than 2 times a day, and 2 days of continuous breeding for 1 day to rest.
4. Pregnant female rabbits are fed fresh dandelion 5 days before farrowing to 3 days after farrowing, each 20 g/day; or sulfaguanidine (Sg), 0.1 to 0.2 g/(kg body weight). ) Take oral administration twice a day and take oral tablets of yeast and vitamin C one tablet and two times daily.
Fourth, master the breeding season and time
Meat rabbits can breed in four seasons, but they are generally not suitable for breeding in midsummer and winter. Spring and autumn seasons are a good season for breeding. In the midsummer and winter seasons, breeding can be achieved by paying attention to cooling and preventing heat and cold insulation. In the breeding time, early and late summer breeding is better. In winter, it is appropriate to breed at noon.
Fifth, breeding methods
There are natural mating methods, artificial assisted breeding and artificial insemination. Farmhouses and small rabbit farms or rabbit farms producing commercial rabbits are suitable for artificial breeding, and adopting the following breeding methods can increase their fertility rate.
1. Repeated Breeding and Double Breeding Repeated breeding refers to reassortment with the same male rabbit after the first breeding. Repeated breeding can increase fertilization opportunities, increase conception rate and prevent pseudopregnancy. In particular, male rabbits that have not been used for a long period of time must undergo repeated breeding. Double mating refers to mating with another male rabbit after the first breeding. Dual breeding is only suitable for the production of commercial rabbits. It is not suitable for the production of rabbits to prevent mixed causes. Double breeding can avoid infertility caused by male rabbits and can significantly increase the conception rate and the number of litters. Adopting repeated breeding or double breeding can increase the fertility rate of the female rabbits by 10%-20% and increase the number of litters by 1-3. For female rabbits who have not been estrus or have been disapproved for a long time, the method of attracting emotions can be used, that is, increasing the number of times of contact with male rabbits, and by chasing and climbing stimulation, sexual hormone secretion, estrus, and ovulation of female rabbits can be induced and the chance of abortion can be increased. The use of artificial forced mating female rabbits can be used to drug aphrodisiac or eliminated. After the mating, check the tires in a timely manner to reduce empty space.
2, the frequency of the correct use of frequency breeding method of frequent breeding, also known as "with blood nest" or "blood", that is, the female rabbit on the day of birth or the second day of breeding, lactation and pregnancy at the same time. Using this method, the breeding speed is fast, and it is suitable for young and strong female rabbits. It is mainly used for the production of commercial rabbits, but it is not suitable for breeding meat rabbits to produce too close. The use of frequent breeding must use high-quality feed to meet the female rabbit's nutritional needs, and strengthen feeding management. In production, we can consider the situation of the female rabbit, feeding conditions, and environmental conditions in a comprehensive way, and alternately adopt the three breeding methods of frequency breeding, semi-frequent breeding (matching after 7-14 days) and delayed breeding (after weaning and breeding). .
Six, rabbit disease prevention and treatment
In addition to routine disease prevention and treatment, special attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of rabbit reproductive organs, such as rabbits with "syphilis", vulva or penis, female rabbits with leucorrhea, male rabbits with orchitis or epididymitis, and female rabbits with ovary inflammation. , ovarian fibroids, metritis, etc., on the rabbit suffering from genital diseases should be promptly treated or eliminated.
I. Rabbit's reproductive physiology
Rabbits are grassy animals that have multiple births. Generally small rabbits are 3-4 months old, medium rabbits are 4-5 months old, and large rabbits reach sexual maturity at 5-6 months of age. Appropriate first-in-a-month small breeds are 4-5 months old, medium breeds 5-6 months old, large breeds are 7-8 months old, or when the body weight reaches 80% of the adult rabbit weight of the breed. Rabbits have the characteristics of stimulatory ovulation, the estrus cycle is 7-15 days, estrus is 3-5 days. The female rabbit has obvious estrus characteristics during estrus, and the most suitable breeding feature is the reproduction of the pudenda of the female rabbit. When the genitalia has a large amount of moisture and is particularly moist, the "pink early, purple later, and scarlet" are the same. Rabbits usually have 30-31 days of gestation, 20-30 minutes of delivery, and a few more than 1 hour. When the female rabbit has a childbirth, it usually does not need artificial care, but it should provide clean drinking water in time to prevent the female rabbit from biting the pups. The optimum breeding age of female rabbits is 1-3 years old. After 2.5 years of age, the fertility has gradually declined. Except for some excellent rabbits, no more than 3 years old should be reserved for breeding. The reproductive age of male rabbits can be appropriately extended depending on the body condition.
Second, choose a good meat rabbit breed
1. Choose healthy and disease-free, strong sexual desire, good motherhood, good reproductive organs, and female pigs with more than 4 pairs of nipples. Meat male rabbits require large size, fast growth, no disease, and obvious varieties.
2. Select breeds, strains, hybrid tissues and supporting strains that are suitable for local environmental conditions. Iplo rabbits and Zika rabbits are recommended. New Zealand rabbits and California rabbits are used. Parents of these two breeds are mated with large breeds (eg Belgian rabbits) to breed commercial rabbits. Raise female fertility and commercial meat rabbit production performance.
Third, strengthen the feeding and management of rabbits
1. The nutritional rabbits of male and female mating meat are too fat or too thin, the nutrition level is too low or the nutrition is not complete, which can cause the quality of male rabbit seminal fluid to fall and the female rabbit to be infertile. From the 2nd week before mating to the whole breeding period, fine and green materials should be used together with the addition of cooked soybean, soybean meal or fish meal. The crude protein in the diet will reach 16%-17%, which will provide adequate supply of protein and vitamins. Increase its fertility. During pregnancy, feeds are not fed with rotten, spoiled, frozen and beaten pesticides to prevent miscarriage or other loss of female rabbits.
2. Appropriate environment According to the insulation and cooling facilities and local climatic conditions, arrange the mating season and mating time. When the room temperature exceeds 30°C, the rabbit's appetite decreases and the libido declines. If the room temperature is lower than 5°C, the rabbit's libido will decrease and the breeding will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to choose air warming and breeding. Breeding male and female rabbits should always be in the sun, exercise properly, especially male rabbits can be released outside the cage for 1-2 hours a day. Breeding rabbit stables should be kept quiet to prevent fetal death or miscarriage due to strong noises and sudden sounds. Even female rabbits swallow or bite dead rabbits or cause infertility. Rabbits are happy to be tired and tired, and should keep the sanitation of the pens to prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases, coccidiosis, and rickets. Cold winters tend to make rabbits suffering from colds and pneumonia. Hot summers can make rabbits suffer from heat stroke. These can cause abortions in female rabbits and affect their fertility.
3, the proportion of male and female rabbits generally keep the male and female rabbits 1:8-10 ratio. Each rabbit is bred for no more than 2 times a day, and 2 days of continuous breeding for 1 day to rest.
4. Pregnant female rabbits are fed fresh dandelion 5 days before farrowing to 3 days after farrowing, each 20 g/day; or sulfaguanidine (Sg), 0.1 to 0.2 g/(kg body weight). ) Take oral administration twice a day and take oral tablets of yeast and vitamin C one tablet and two times daily.
Fourth, master the breeding season and time
Meat rabbits can breed in four seasons, but they are generally not suitable for breeding in midsummer and winter. Spring and autumn seasons are a good season for breeding. In the midsummer and winter seasons, breeding can be achieved by paying attention to cooling and preventing heat and cold insulation. In the breeding time, early and late summer breeding is better. In winter, it is appropriate to breed at noon.
Fifth, breeding methods
There are natural mating methods, artificial assisted breeding and artificial insemination. Farmhouses and small rabbit farms or rabbit farms producing commercial rabbits are suitable for artificial breeding, and adopting the following breeding methods can increase their fertility rate.
1. Repeated Breeding and Double Breeding Repeated breeding refers to reassortment with the same male rabbit after the first breeding. Repeated breeding can increase fertilization opportunities, increase conception rate and prevent pseudopregnancy. In particular, male rabbits that have not been used for a long period of time must undergo repeated breeding. Double mating refers to mating with another male rabbit after the first breeding. Dual breeding is only suitable for the production of commercial rabbits. It is not suitable for the production of rabbits to prevent mixed causes. Double breeding can avoid infertility caused by male rabbits and can significantly increase the conception rate and the number of litters. Adopting repeated breeding or double breeding can increase the fertility rate of the female rabbits by 10%-20% and increase the number of litters by 1-3. For female rabbits who have not been estrus or have been disapproved for a long time, the method of attracting emotions can be used, that is, increasing the number of times of contact with male rabbits, and by chasing and climbing stimulation, sexual hormone secretion, estrus, and ovulation of female rabbits can be induced and the chance of abortion can be increased. The use of artificial forced mating female rabbits can be used to drug aphrodisiac or eliminated. After the mating, check the tires in a timely manner to reduce empty space.
2, the frequency of the correct use of frequency breeding method of frequent breeding, also known as "with blood nest" or "blood", that is, the female rabbit on the day of birth or the second day of breeding, lactation and pregnancy at the same time. Using this method, the breeding speed is fast, and it is suitable for young and strong female rabbits. It is mainly used for the production of commercial rabbits, but it is not suitable for breeding meat rabbits to produce too close. The use of frequent breeding must use high-quality feed to meet the female rabbit's nutritional needs, and strengthen feeding management. In production, we can consider the situation of the female rabbit, feeding conditions, and environmental conditions in a comprehensive way, and alternately adopt the three breeding methods of frequency breeding, semi-frequent breeding (matching after 7-14 days) and delayed breeding (after weaning and breeding). .
Six, rabbit disease prevention and treatment
In addition to routine disease prevention and treatment, special attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of rabbit reproductive organs, such as rabbits with "syphilis", vulva or penis, female rabbits with leucorrhea, male rabbits with orchitis or epididymitis, and female rabbits with ovary inflammation. , ovarian fibroids, metritis, etc., on the rabbit suffering from genital diseases should be promptly treated or eliminated.
Baiju Drink,Baijiu Liquor,Asian Rice Liquor,Baijiu Alcohol Content
Shan Dong Kao Shang wine industry Co.,Ltd , https://www.ksbaijiu.com