Fourth, the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization Soil testing and formula fertilization involves a wide range, is a systematic project. The entire implementation process requires the integration of agricultural education, research, and technology promotion departments with the majority of farmers, the development of research, sales, and application of formula fertilizers, the combination of modern advanced technology and traditional practical experience, and obvious serialization and industrialization services. Features. According to the commonly used method of soil testing and formula fertilization in our province, there are mainly the following eight steps. The first step is to collect soil samples. Soil sample collection is generally performed after autumn harvest. The main requirements for sampling are: site selection and soil collection should be representative. From the situation of collecting soil in the past, many farmers and even technicians did not pay enough attention to sampling and could not strictly implement the operating procedures. The soil samples obtained are not representative. Collecting soil samples is the basis of balanced fertilization. If sampling is not allowed, the scientific nature of balanced fertilization is fundamentally lost. In order to understand the status of nutrient supply in the soil layer during the crop growth period, the sampling depth is generally 20 cm. If the root length of the crop is longer, the soil layer can be appropriately deepened. Sampling is generally based on an area of ​​50-100 acres. Of course, this also depends on the actual situation. If the area of ​​the plot is large and the fertility is similar, the sampling area can be enlarged; if it is a sporadic arable land or a sporadic, fertile land For large changes, sampling area can also be smaller. Sampling can be selected from five points in the east, west, south, north, and middle, removing the topsoil cover, dug into sections at the standard depth, and evenly take the soil by the soil layer. Then, the soil samples collected at each spot were mixed, and the number of samples was reduced by a quarter-by-one method. The final amount was about 1 kilogram. The obtained soil sample is loaded into a bag and labels are placed inside and outside the bag, indicating the sampling location, date, sampling person, and the relevant contents of the analysis. The second step is soil testing. Soil testing is the diagnosis of soil. It is necessary to find a laboratory in the agricultural and scientific research departments above the county level. In our province, more than 50 counties have agricultural laboratories with such laboratories, and soil tests are mainly undertaken by them. The determination of laboratory content, taking into account both needs and possibilities. According to the current farmers' actual bearing capacity for laboratory tests, only some major projects with relatively large correlations can be selected. There are five basic tests commonly used throughout the country, namely alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and pH. Of these five items, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium are the three major nutrients that reflect soil fertility. Both organic matter and PH value. Can do reference projects, according to the need for targeted laboratory tests, micronutrients. Soil testing should be accurate and timely. The data obtained from the laboratory tests shall be filled out by the farmers, and the records shall be recorded, loaded into the archives of the soil, input into the computer, establish the soil database, and determine the formula. The formulation was selected by agricultural experts and professional agricultural scientists. In the province, seven experts from the Agricultural University, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Soil and Fertilizer Management Station were appointed to form an expert group responsible for analyzing and studying relevant technical data and scientifically determining fertilizer formulations. The local agricultural technology promotion centers and soil fertilizer stations are responsible for the local fertilizer formulation. First, farmers should provide crops cultivated on plots and their planned production indicators. Agricultural science and technology personnel select the ratio of fertilizers and fertilizers based on the amount of fertilizer needed for crops, the amount of fertilizer supplied to the soil, and the utilization rate of different fertilizers in the season. This fertilizer formula should be implemented in the test plots to farmers. According to the crops according to households, so that farmers can buy fertilizers according to the prescription. The fourth step is to process formula fertilizer. Fertilizer production requires strict organization and serialized services. The province has established a network of balanced fertilization technology industry cooperation. This collaborative network integrates industry competent departments, education, scientific research, promotion, fertilizer enterprises, and rural service organizations, and implements unified soil testing, unified formulation, uniform fertilizer supply, and unified technical guidance to serve the majority of farmers. Formula fertilizer production of the first pass, you need to live raw material fertilizer, select the province, both inside and outside the brand-name fertilizer manufacturers, use of good quality and reasonable price of raw materials. The second level is science with fertilizer. The county agricultural technology promotion department will establish a fertilizer plant in a unified manner. The fifth step, according to the purchase of fertilizer. After the practice of soil testing and formula fertilization in recent years, some places have found out how to supply formula fertilizer. The County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, after formulating the soil testing formula, formulates the formulas according to the list of farmers, including the county extension center, the township comprehensive service station and the farmers. The agricultural comprehensive service station or the county promotion center will be sold to the farmers according to the prescription. Science itself is strict and must not be sloppy. Everyone has heard that the United States is engaged in precision agriculture. The agricultural production technology is managed like industrial production process regulations. In the United States, about one-fifth of the arable land has been measured using satellite-based soil testing and formula fertilization. Simply put, they determined a number of fertilizing formulas adapted to different crops according to different soil fertility conditions. When the sowing and fertilizing machinery operates in the field, satellites monitor the position of the machine and connect it with the computer system that controls the fertilization formula. The machine goes to the soil type area and the satellite information system controls which mode of fertilization the computer uses. This kind of fertilization is variable and accurate. This is the most advanced scientific fertilization method in the world today. The balanced fertilization we are now working on should be said to be a transitional stage. However, the trend is more and more scientific. We must conscientiously solve the problems that have arisen in the past that “only measuring soil, not formulating, and formulating only not buying fertilizer by sideâ€, fully implement the balanced fertilization operation procedures, and continuously improve the scientific level. The sixth step is to use fertilizer scientifically. Formulated fertilizers are mostly used as base fertilizers for one-time application. It is necessary to grasp the depth of fertilization, control the distance between the fertilizer and the seed, and effectively meet the fertilizer requirements in the seedling stage and the growth and development stages of the crop as much as possible. As a top-dressing fertilizer, it is necessary to look at the sky, see the land, see crops, grasp the timing of fertilizer application, promote water application and deep application, and increase fertilizer utilization. Seventh step, field monitoring. Balanced fertilization is a dynamic management process. After using the formula fertilizer, the growth and development of the crop must be observed, depending on the result of the harvest. From the analysis, make an investigation. Under the guidance of agricultural experts, grassroots professional agricultural scientists and technicians combined with farmer households, field monitoring, detailed records, included in the management files of the land, and timely feedback to experts and technical consulting systems, as an important basis for adjustment and revision of balanced fertilizer formulations . The eighth step is to revise the formula. The balanced fertilization test in our province is generally conducted once every three years. According to the data obtained from soil testing and field monitoring, the agricultural expert group and the professional agricultural science and technology consulting group jointly analyzed and studied, revised and determined the fertilizer formula, making the technical measures of balanced fertilization more practical and scientific. This kind of revision is in full compliance with the objective laws of scientific development. Every time it is repeated, it is a deepening and improvement.
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