Beef green feed preparation

In general, any nutrient containing these nutrients can be eaten by livestock and poultry and can meet the needs of their life and production. Non-toxic substances are called feed under certain conditions. From its source, the vast majority come from plants and only a few come from animals, microorganisms and minerals. At present, the international classification of plant feeds is based on their nutritional characteristics. It is generally divided into several categories: green feed (or green feed), silage, roughage, energy feed, protein feed, mineral feed, and additive feed. The classification of plant feed in China is based on its source. Generally divided into three categories of green feed, roughage and concentrate feed. Green fodder refers to green vegetable feed; rough fodder refers to hay, straw, oyster shell, etc.; concentrate fodder refers to energy feeds such as cereal seeds and processing byproducts, and protein feeds such as legume seeds and processing by-products, etc. Concentrates are often used in conjunction with mineral feeds and additive feeds to formulate feeds. According to international classification methods, various feeds will be introduced.
Green feed is a plant feed that has a large natural moisture content (≥60%) and is rich in protein and high in biological value. It is rich in vitamins and basically meets the needs of beef cattle for vitamins; it has high water content. It is one of the main ways for beef cattle to consume water; good palatability can stimulate appetite; balanced nutrition can improve the overall utilization of the diet. The green feed is rich in variety, widely sourced, low in cost, easy to collect, simple in processing, and comprehensive in nutrition. It is a very good feed for beef cattle.
Pasture refers to a variety of cultivated and wild annual or perennial herbs that are available for livestock to feed. There are many types of it, and more than 6,000 copies have been collected and dozens of subjects, of which grasses and legumes are the most important. The main points of pasture use are:
First, use is timely. Pasture has a strong temporality in utilization. Generally grasses should be used at the heading stage. Legumes should be used at the initial flowering stage. At this time, the grass yield, nutritional value, palatability, and digestibility of pasture are at the best. State, high feed value.
Second, grazing should be reasonable. Overgrazing, affecting the regeneration of grass, can easily lead to grassland degradation. Therefore, a strict grassland management system must be established. Grazing should be prohibited for pastures under construction. For mature grassland, appropriate grazing and rotational zoning should be conducted.
Third, the amount of feed should be appropriate. Because of its good palatability, extensive sources, and low cost, some pasture farmers have used their large amounts to feed beef cattle. This is an incorrect practice. Because grasses have high moisture content and large volume, although beef cattle have a sense of satiety after eating, due to inadequate intake of dry matter and other nutrients, they are not conducive to the growth of beef cattle and the fattening potential. Therefore, the amount of pasture should be appropriate.
Fourth, to prevent poisoning caused by poisonous weeds. Due to the variety of natural pastures, it is unavoidable that some weeds will be mixed with them. When grazing, it must be carefully checked beforehand to prevent poisoning caused by poisonous weeds. The selectivity of cattle to grass is not strong, and they will usually eat poisonous grasses; but sheep have strong selectivity to grass and generally do not eat poisonous grasses.
Fifth, we must prevent mildew from causing poisoning. Cultivated pasture should be fed in time or properly preserved (such as spread out or erected) after harvest to prevent mildew and poisoning.
Sixth, we must prevent pesticide poisoning. For pastures that have been sprayed with pesticides, it is strictly forbidden to feed cows to prevent pesticide poisoning. When pesticides are sprayed on crops, trees and orchards, we must not feed cows in the fields, in the forests, and between the garden weeds.
Seventh, it is necessary to prevent the development of rumen gas. Excessive consumption of legume grass, young forage grass with frost grass or dewy grass, will cause the occurrence of rumen hernia, should be prevented.
(b) The barley fodder is artificially sown and used as a green-fed crop for feeding livestock. Common varieties include indica, corn, sorghum, arrow peas, brome, oats, black beans, broad beans and beets. The barley time is relatively long, such as barley corn in the heading, milk cooked, wax cooked, can be mature, arrow peas in the tender seedlings, before flowering, early flowering, full of flowers, flowers can be. This type of feed has a high content of cyanogenic glycosides. During stacking (due to high temperature and high humidity), cyanogenic hydrazine can be easily hydrolyzed into cyanogen hydride acid. Cyanohydrogen acid is toxic. If a cow eats it, poisoning will occur. Therefore, this type of feed should be eaten with the cut, for fresh feeding, if you can not eat after eating or too late to eat, you should spread out or put up for storage.
(3) There are four-winged amaranth (miracle tree), Caragana korshinskii, maple, willow, eucalyptus, mulberry, tung, tree, poplar, birch, eucalyptus, hedgehog and so on. This kind of feed is rich in protein, carotene and crude fat, which can enhance appetite and should be developed and utilized. The leaves contain tannins, which is about 1%. Appropriate foods have astringent and astringent effect. Excessive foods are harmful to digestion.
(4) Vegetable leaf rhizome This type of feed is mostly a by-product of vegetables and economic crops. The common types of leaves mainly include radish leaves, cabbage leaves, turnip leaves, beet leaves, and cabbage leaves. The common roots and stems include carrots, white radishes, and beetroots (excluding yams). Its high moisture content, low dry matter content, and insufficient energy, but rich mineral content. The nitrate content of the leaves is high, and the nitrates are easily reduced to nitrite when they are stacked (due to the high temperature and humidity). Nitrite is poisonous. If the cow eats it, poisoning will occur. Therefore, these feeds should be freshly fed. If they cannot be fed at one time, they should be spread out or erected. Carrots are used to feed cows and are mainly used to supplement carotene needed by cattle.
(v) Rattan and its main species are squash vines, gourd vines, sweet potato vines, potato vines, bean pods, bean pods, pea pods, and peanut pods, and their nutritional characteristics are similar to those of the leaves.
(6) Aquatic plants There are many types of feeds such as water lettuce, water hyacinth, water peanuts, duckweed, and floating algae. Its high moisture content, low dry matter content, soft and delicate texture. With their cattle, they should be regularly dewormed.

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