With the continuous improvement of the consumption level and the change of planting structure, the planting of spring cabbage from the Yangtze River valley to the spring in the north and the anti-season cultivation in the alpine area have formed a large area and become large-scale. Once the planting is well-handed, it will easily result. The phenomenon of unapproachable bolting causes the quality and commercial quality of the Chinese cabbage to be reduced, which is related to the economic value, causing certain economic losses to growers and adversely affecting the market adjustment. Therefore, we summarize the current problems and analyze the causes and prevention measures of bolting, so that the majority of growers can master their technology to reduce losses.
1. Cabbage is a vernalized vegetable crop that is bred by seeds, that is to say, the vernalization process can be completed after the germination period of the cabbage seeds begins to germinate, and the seedling stage and the rosette stage are affected by the low temperature for a certain number of days. Cabbage winter is relatively weak, and the requirements for vernalization temperature are not strict. Generally, the vernalization process can be completed within 10-15 days at a low temperature of 2-10°C. Below 2°C, vernalization is slow due to the weak division of the growth-like cells. However, the effect of low temperature is cumulative and does not require continuous low temperature. Once the vernalization process has passed through the stage, the long daylight at 14-20 hours at 18-20°C can rapidly bolt the flowering of the flower. All of them undergo reproductive growth and lose the economical price of cabbage. .
Second, the differences between varieties, obviously Chinese cabbage belongs to germinating seed low-temperature vernalization crops, but the tolerance of varieties is not the same as the requirement of time, that is, the relatively slow type of Chinese cabbage varieties with low temperature response, the chance of bolting is small. While the middle-type varieties are relatively sensitive to low temperatures, it is easy to bolting and flowering.
Third, the climate causes: Whether it is the Yangtze River valley or the northern spring and high-cold areas of the spring climate characteristics, are the early low temperature, high temperature and long days of sunshine, it is also the development of cabbage through the stage of the climate characteristics. In addition, the temperature in spring is not stable, and the high and low temperatures, or the late spring and cold years, make the Chinese cabbage seedlings stay in the low-temperature environment for a long period of time. It is easy to pass vernalization, and the phenomenon of unripe bolting occurs when exposed to high temperature and long sunshine.
4. Improper sowing time can also cause premature bolting. When the spring cultivation is sown too early, it is too cold for a long time from the seedling stage, it is easy to bolt, and the sowing is too late, which affects the early maturation of Chinese cabbage and reduces the production of plants. Therefore, the appropriate sowing date is selected.
Fifth, improper temperature management. In the early spring, the protected cultivation form must not be poor in temperature management, heating is not timely, and the conditions of the protection site are poor. The seedling stage is exposed to low temperatures below 13°C for a long period of time, which may cause premature bolting.
Preventive measures:
1. Select excellent spring varieties with low temperature resistance, bolting resistance, early maturation, strong winteriness, and low temperature dullness.
2, to grasp the appropriate sowing time: Due to the low temperature in spring plus special years of climate change characteristics, so the sowing period must be appropriate, not too early or too late.
3, to strengthen the temperature management, protection of facilities, must strengthen management, cold insulation, so that the seedling temperature above 13 °C, so that the Chinese cabbage vernalization of the low temperature conditions and time is not established, to avoid the early bolting.
4. Strengthen cultivation and management. In the spring cabbage cultivation process, strengthen water and fertilizer management, use sorghum, mulching and other measures to increase temperature, avoid early bolting, and reduce economic losses.
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