High-yielding Cultivation Technique of High Quality Apricot Planting

I. Variety Selection Due to the climate characteristics of southern China, we recommend the following points when selecting varieties: 1 Select high-taste sweet varieties that do not crack fruit. 2 Select self-boiled varieties. 3 Select early-maturing or special-early-maturing varieties to make full use of the “Southern Spring Early”, which is the advantage of open cultivation that can be listed 20 to 30 days earlier than in the northern region. 4 Selecting varieties that require less cold will allow apricots to sleep well in the south, with good flower bud differentiation and reduced abortive flowering rates. 5 Choose the species with moderate tree vigor. The southern region is hot and humid, the apricot grows for a long period of time, and grows fast. If you choose a breed that grows vigorously (such as Kate apricot), it is not easy to produce flowers and the yield is low. After our many years of experiment, the southern cultivation of apricots can be used: golden sun, test tube red light, test tube early Feng, greenhouse Wang Xing, Qin Wang Xing, crystal apricot and so on.
Second, build the park
1. Garden selection Apricot has strong adaptability to environmental conditions and strict requirements on soil. Mountain, hills, flat land and sandy land are all acceptable, and it is resistant to salt and alkali. However, it is still most suitable to use a neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam with good drainage and a pH of 6.5-8.
2. Planting apricots can be planted in the southern region from the end of September to the following March, but it is best to colonize from October to November. It has been observed that after 1 year of growth, the seedlings planted in October to November are nearly twice as large as the seedlings planted in the second and third months of the following year, and the second year of production is more than twice as high. In order to achieve early harvest and high yield, the purpose of high quality and high efficiency should be based on planting at 31 meters. Planting in the north-south direction on the flat land and planting at the same height on the mountain. One month before planting, planting and digging deep 60-80 cm deep ditches or digging large holes for planting (weeds, phosphates, etc.) in the hole or within the ditch, immediately after the planting, the rooting water is poured and the trees are covered with weeds. . In addition, when planting seedlings, due to the high proportion of incomplete apricot flowering in the southern region, in order to improve the fruit setting rate, even self-cultivated varieties must be mixed or planted with pollinated trees, and the main cultivars must be planted at the time of planting. Supporting varieties can be planted in a 2:1 interlaced arrangement. If the economic benefits of the two varieties are equivalent, the 1:1 planting effect will be better.
Third, soil management
Fertilize
1.1 Saplings (1 to 2 years) The principle of thin application of fertilization in the first year of fertilization and colonization is to rapidly enlarge the crown and form a certain number of flower buds. After planting 2 to 3 centimeters when planting, apply the first fertilizer, and then apply 1 to every 15 to 20 days. Apply 5 to 10 grams of urea and 5 to 10 grams of superphosphate, combined with pig manure. By the beginning of July, topdressing will stop and water will be controlled to facilitate flowering. In early October, basal fertilizer was applied to the plant. 300 g of superphosphate was applied and 15 kg of pig manure water was applied. In the second year in late February, mid-April, and late June, each top dressing was applied once with N, P and K. Each time, 50-100 grams of urea was applied to the plant and 15 kg of pig manure water was added. In the second half of February, sulfuric acid was added. Potassium 50g/strain. At the beginning of October, the basal fertiliser was applied and 500 g of superphosphate was applied to the plant, and 25 kg of pig manure water was applied.
1.2 High-yield trees (from the third year of planting) The southern apricot tree fertilization result is early and the yield is fast. The third year of the dense planting garden can enter into the high yield period, and the fertilizer can be applied three times per year. The first application of spring fertilizer (germinating fertilizer) was applied before germination (in mid-February), mainly using quick-acting fertilizer, and all potash fertilizer was applied throughout the year, combined with nitrogen fertilizer application. The fertilization mainly promoted flowering fruit set and fruit enlargement. Fertilizer accounts for about 20% of the total annual amount. Generally, 20 kg of urea per mu, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 2000 kg of organic fertilizer (pig and chicken manure water, the same below). The second application of summer fertilizer was applied after fruit picking in the middle and early June. At this time, it was the second peak of root growth. The fruit was just harvested. Fertilizer was mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to supplement nutrients consumed due to the result. accumulation. In order to facilitate the flower bud differentiation from June to August, it will lay a foundation for the next year's high yield, and the fertilization amount will account for about 30% of the whole year. Generally, 30 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer are applied per mu. The third application of autumn fertilizer (basal fertilizer) was carried out in conjunction with expansion of soil and green pressing in the period from early September to early October. The base fertilizer should be applied early enough to facilitate the absorption and utilization of the root system and promote the differentiation of flower buds. Two years of flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth are all very favorable. The basal manure is mainly organic fertilizer, and it is applied with phosphate fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 50% of the total amount of the year. It can apply 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre and 60 kilograms of superphosphate.
1.3 Foliar application can be combined with pest control. Spray 0.1% to 0.2% of borax and trace elements during flowering. Apply 0.2% urea+0.1% of Green Fenway 1+0.2% phosphoric acid for several times in young fruit. Dihydrogen potassium.
2. Irrigation and drainage
2.1 Irrigation Apricot should be watered in areas with low rainfall and dry seasons. Spring drought is common in the southern areas. It should be combined with Shichun fertilizer to infuse water once before budding to ensure the need for flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth. Apricot needs more water in the hard-nuclear period (1 month after flowering). In the southern region, there is more rainwater at this time, and it is generally not necessary to water, but in areas with few rainwater (such as Chengdu, Sichuan) and particularly drought years, Should be filled with water. In July of each year, there is almost a severe drought in the southern region. At this time, it is a flower bud differentiation period. Although moderate drought is conducive to flower tooth differentiation, if the leaves are wilted, water should be poured to ensure normal growth of the leaves. Fallen leaves.
2.2 Drainage apricots are not tolerant, should pay attention to the rainy season drainage, especially from May to June special rain, should pay attention to drainage, from July to August flower buds physiological differentiation period, if the case of cotton rain should be drained, maintain appropriate drought, is conducive to flower bud differentiation .
3. Expanding a hole and improving land use
3.1 Expanding the hole to agronomy Apricot is a deep-rooted fruit tree. Through soil expansion, it can fertilize the soil, loosen the soil, guide the root system to deeper development, and increase soil nutrient absorption. This is an important measure for obtaining high quality and high yield. Enlarging the hole should be carried out in the fall of the second year of planting (September-October) in conjunction with the Shiji fertilizer. The expansion points should be expanded from the planting hole or the planting groove year by year. (If the hole or the planting hole is not excavated, it should start at 30-40 cm from the trunk. Expand the hole), the depth of the hole is 60-80 cm, width is 30-40 cm, and the organic matter and phosphate fertilizer such as crop stalks, weeds, etc. are stratified into layers. When the amount of weeds is large, 0.4 kg of slaked lime per plant should be pressed to adjust the pH. value.
3.2 Interline use Orchard intercropping can be used as green manure or legume crops in the early period, and the cover tree plate will be cut in May-June. It will be pushed into the garden in the 9th to 10th month. It is not appropriate to enter the high-yield period, and weeds are removed between May and June and September to October with herbicides.
Fourth, pruning
1. Plastic apricots are hi light fruit trees. Close-up airy “V” shape is recommended for dense planting gardens. The tree is well ventilated and light, with early results, easy shaping, high yield and stable production. On the main branch. The shaping method is: planting by 31 meters, leaving 40 centimeters of short cuts for the main trunk of the year of planting. When the new shoot length is 30 centimeters in spring, it is selected to extend to the rows, grows vigorously, forms an angle of 30 to 60 degrees with the trunk, and grows symmetrically. The two branches of the main branch, let it grow naturally. Another option is to leave 3 to 4 new shoots as auxiliary branches, wipe the remaining new shoots, pick up the heart at the beginning of May and raise the branch at 20 cm, and promote branching. In the end of June, all the auxiliary branches will be pulled horizontally. To promote flower bud differentiation. The main branch was picked at 50 centimeters for branching, and a branch was selected as the extension branch. In late June, 200-300 times 15% paclobutrazol was sprayed to control flowering. In the first year of winter shearing, two bamboo rods are used to fix the main branch so that it forms an angle of 30 to 40 with the ground, so that the angle between the two main branches is 100 to 120 degrees. To extend the short branch of the main branch, trigger side branch. The main branch extensions were fixed on the main branches and the rest of the auxiliary branches allowed the results to be removed after the crown was expanded.
2. Trim
2.1 Saplings (1 to 2 years) Pruning saplings is mainly based on cultivating the tree shape and expanding the canopy. Make full use of summer pruning, sparse dense shoots, and the use of twist tip, pull branches and other techniques to promote early flowering, early high yield. Winter cut should adopt the principle of more stay and less cut. Due to the late differentiation of flower buds of young trees, flower buds are usually formed on the upper part of the shoots. Therefore, they should be cut short, long and long, and combined with the techniques of support, pull, and hang to adjust the main Branch angle, the crown can be opened properly to improve light, conducive to early fruiting, early high yield.
2.2 High-yielding trees (after the 3rd year) Pruning As the canopy enlarges and the number of branches and branches increases, the auxiliary branches of the high-yielding trees should be removed year by year to improve light. As a result of high-yielding trees, the results are mainly short-fruited and fruit-like. Therefore, in the winter shear should be properly preserved the results of the branch, the appropriate dense branches too sparse, the line between the line, the main branch of the appropriate extension of the retraction, so that between the lines to keep 50 to 80 cm ventilation zone, between the strains Do not cross. When pruning in summer, the plants with canopy closure should be shortened or sparsely evacuated to improve light conditions, which can promote the formation of flower buds.
V. Flower and Fruit Management
1. Controlling the crown to promote flowering techniques During apricot and young trees, the growth is prosperous, and flower bud differentiation should be promoted to make it grow early. After entering the high-yield period, the crown should be controlled to expand and extend the high-yield period. Therefore, in the first 1 to 2 years of planting, flowers should be promoted. The commonly used method is to spray 200-300 times 15% paclobutrazol 1 times in late June, spray the second time in mid-July, and open in late June to late July. Ditch drainage, so that the soil maintains moderate drought, are conducive to flower bud differentiation. After entering the high yield period in the third year of apricot tree, in order to control the prosperous growth of the tree crown, it should be combined with fruit preserve, and spray 300 times 15% paclobutrazol or 200 times PBO twice at the end of April and early May.
2. The commonly used methods for flower protection and fruit preservation measures include: 1 1:1 pollen trees or 1:1 pollen trees are to be planted at the flowering stage. 2 artificial pollination, the effect is very good, especially in the warm winter season, more abortive flowers, artificial pollination should be carried out in order to improve the fruit setting rate to ensure high yield. 3 Sprinkle water during flowering period, spray water at flowering stage, keep the stigma moist, and can significantly increase fruit setting rate. 0.1% borax and 0.1% urea can be added to the water. 4 Using plant growth regulators to protect fruits, spraying 50ppm of gibberellin (Nine in 20) in the middle and late October can increase the fruit-setting rate in the second year. Sprinkling 20ppm gibberellin at full bloom can increase the fruit set rate in the year. Spraying 300 times 15% paclobutrazol at the end of April can control the growth and reduce fruit drop.
3. Thinning and fruit thinning techniques Because apricots do not have a high proportion of flowers, they should generally not be sparse, and instead use fruit thinning to control their yield. The thinning of the fruit is carried out after the first physiological drop in half a month after flowering (where the diameter of the young fruit is between 1.0 and 1.5 cm). When the fruit is thinned, the pests, the deformed fruit and the small fruit are all removed. The fruit is removed and the remaining fruit is evenly distributed on the tree. The weak trees stay less and the Wangshu leaves more. Grasp the density of 1 fruit per 5-8 cm shoots, and the yield per mu is controlled at about 2000 kg.
4. Measures to prevent fruit cracking When apricot is cultivated in the southern region, it is very easy to cause fruit cracking due to more rain during May to June in the fruit ripening period. In order to prevent cracking, in the selection of hard-to-break fruit varieties, drainage work should be strengthened in April-June. Potassium fertilizer should be added in the spring and bagged after fruit thinning. Bags should be bagged 4 to 5 days before harvesting, and the fruits in April-May should be used. During the expansion period, multiple applications of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% potassium sulfate were sprayed.
VI. Pest Control The main pests of apricot are: apricot weevil, peach aphid, red spider, red neck beetle, korean ball ape, navicular caterpillar, apricot scar disease, apricot black spot, fluid gum disease, bacterial Puncture disease, etc., and acne scar disease, black spot disease, ball ape and other hazards. The following comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.
1. Before the winter comes into full bloom, remove the dead branches, fallen leaves, cut off the diseased branches in the orchard, burn them in a concentrated manner, scrape the old bark, eliminate the sources of overwintering pathogens, and reduce the number of disease and insect pests.
2. Sprinkle with Bomer 5 degree lime sulfur before flowering to prevent and cure apricot scar disease, black spot disease, ball glycosides and other overwintering eggs.
3. During the period from mid-March to early April, the apricot was found in the damaging period of the tree, and its use of suspended animation, shaking the trees in the morning, killing by hand, removing the insects, and swiftly spraying 20% ​​at the speed of 2000 times and more than 50% of the bacteria 600 times the spirit of the mixture to prevent apricot and scab, black spot, perforation (can also use other insecticide fungicides mixed).
4, in the middle of April spray 40% Chrysanthemum EC 1000 times + 200 times the speed Ke Ling mixture to prevent scab, black spot, perforation and peach aphid.
5. In the middle of June, killing red-necked longhorn cattle by killing 2000, 3000 times, killing 1,000 times, and removing 1500 times of moldy worms, killing red spiders, mites, melasma and perforation diseases. Adults.
6. In the middle and late July, the navy-shaped caterpillars that had not been dispersed were manually killed, and when they were inconvenient for killing, they could also quickly kill D2 2000 times for prevention and control.

Baijiu Personalized Gift

Best Chinese Whiskey,Chinese Rice Whiskey,Chinese Sorghum Whiskey,Chinese Scotch Whiskey

Shan Dong Kao Shang wine industry Co.,Ltd , https://www.ksbaijiu.com