Root cancer, let you live but spring!
- Biocontrol of root cancer during transplantation of fruit trees and seedlings
In spring, Wan Mu recovers. Severe disease of the world's fruit trees Agrobacterium tumefaciens also quietly began to invade. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne and plant-borne bacterial disease that can infect 93 families and 331 genera of 643 species of plants. Orchard rotation is almost impossible, so root cancer is a persistent problem. Root cancer disease continues to spread along with the transfer of seedlings, and the incidence of replanting nursery trees ranges from 20% to 100%. In order to reduce the risk of root cancer caused by double crops, people continuously switch to the cultivated land of grass crops as seedlings for nursery production. As a result, the area of ​​soil contamination continues to grow, which seriously affects the greening and beautification of fruit production and the environment.
For root cancer, existing biocontrol drugs at home and abroad generally emphasize prevention and prevention. Once the fruit trees are infested with pests and diseases, they can only use biological control drugs to reduce the harm, hard to cure or have no medicine to cure. The internationally renowned biocontrol strain K84, as well as WJ-K84-1 and K1026 root cancer and anticancer strains produced by Chinese scholars, have a preventive effect on root cancers in varying degrees, but none of them have been reported for cure. This is because these biocontrol strains control the root cancer mechanism because the strains seize the wound sites of the fruit trees, colonize them and produce agrocin, and prevent the bacteria from invading the wounds. Its role is prevention rather than treatment. Therefore, the treatment effect is poor. Moreover, these biocontrol strains are not effective against root cancer in all fruit trees. They are only effective against invading biotype I and biotype II Agrobacterium tumefaciens that contain nopaline Ti plasmids in stone fruits such as apples, pears and persimmons. The effect is ineffective for biological type III root-cancer bacteria that can cause root cancer of grapevines containing the carnitine Ti plasmid [2]. Therefore, academics at home and abroad believe that fruit trees cannot be cured once they are infected with root cancer.
Many nurseries are breeding bases for root cancer, and many more new seedlings have become transplanted to the root cancer. Grape root cancer has occurred to varying degrees in 13 provinces and cities in northern China. Among them, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places suffered particularly severely. The incidence of susceptible cultivars ranges from 30% to 100%, and even results in the destruction of gardens. Cherry root cancer occurs severely in Shandong and other places. In recent years, with the introduction of cherry from Shandong in Dalian, Henan and Sichuan, the disease has begun to develop on a large scale. The cherry tree planting area in Dalian is 17,000 hectares and the harvested area is more than 6,600 hectares. Due to the root cancer disease, the annual dead tree reaches more than 5%, the average output is reduced by 10% to 15%, and 15,000 kg per hectare is produced. The wholesale price per kilo is 10 Yuan calculation, the city's direct loss of production of about 100 million to 150 million yuan, has seriously affected the economic interests of the majority of fruit farmers.
In today's increasingly serious root cancer, how can we respond and how can we effectively prevent and treat root cancer?
(A) The evasion law 1 Since the disease-free nursery stock. It is necessary to use stocks with strong disease resistance and disease-free scion to cultivate seedlings in fields without history and without trees. For cherry cherries and Colt as the rootstock, the incidence of disease is heavy. Chinese cherries are rarely used as rootstocks. Therefore, Chinese cherries can be used as rootstocks in cherry seedlings. For grapes, river banks No. 2, No. 6, No. 9, and S04, Harmony, etc. are more resistant to root cancer than the rootstocks used in current production, which can be used as anti-vegetative root cancers. Rootstock use.
2 External purchase Miao "five not buy." Before the purchase of seedlings, look at seedlings, disease conditions, rootstocks, scion, etc., do not buy seedlings that year, then nursery stock; do not buy seedlings that promote chemical growth; do not purchase seedlings with history and disease; do not purchase susceptible rootstocks. Seedlings; seedlings not subject to locust damage, frost damage, and many underground pests.
(II) There are different biotypes (types) and plasmid types for the prevention and treatment of L. carotovora. The advantages and infection characteristics of different plants are also different. The stone fruit root cancer (biotypes I and II) is a local infection, while the grape root cancer (biological type III) is a systemic infection. However, all root cancers use wounds as the only route of infection, and they cause the disease to occur with the same pathogenic mechanism. Therefore, protecting the wound is the best way to prevent it.
The root cancer bacteria mainly exist in the soil. Therefore, the time of control should be good before the seeds or plants are exposed to the unsterilized soil, and it will prevent the invasion of the root cancer bacteria. In spring, seedlings are transplanted and bred in the largest amount, and it is also the best time for root cancer bacteria to infect seedlings. In the spring, prevention and control are good.
1 Soil treatment. We should choose to build gardens with loose, well-drained acidic sandy soils, and avoid planting them in old orchards that are heavily planted. In particular, the orchards and old nurseries where root cancer has once occurred cannot be used as nursery bases. Nursery soil should be soil-sterilized, seaweed extract soil locust fungicide 100 g or sulfur powder 50-100 g, or 5% formalin, or bleach 100-150 g, to treat the soil.
2 seedlings epidemic prevention. This is a very important issue. Therefore, it should be seriously analyzed and taken seriously as a matter of utmost importance.
We cannot be sure that 100% of the seedlings are not infected with the root cancer bacteria, but they can be 100% sure that 100% of the seedlings may be injured in all aspects of transplanting, such as lifting, transportation, and stacking. Therefore, 100% of the roots of the seedlings were injured and were all injured. The wound is the only way for the root cancer bacteria to infect the seedlings, and 100% of the scarred seedlings have the real possibility of 100% infection of the root cancer.
Since this is the case, seedlings should be treated after they have been transplanted, and they should be treated during the transplant.
a. Seedling quarantine. The seedlings should be carefully examined one by one, and those who are sick must be burnt and burned, leaving no trouble. After the colonization, once the diseased plants are found, they should be immediately removed and burned. The original tree pit should be replaced with new soil and replanted every other year.
b. Seedling disinfection and immunization. 50 times the "seaweed essence", 50 times the "magic square" No. 6, 10 times the "magic square" No. 7 mixed liquid immersion root for 3 hours, after dipping slightly controlled dry, the remaining liquid for its use. Replace the new liquid and dip new seedlings...
c. Insect repellent treatment. Before or during colonization, 500 times of seaweed extract soil fungicide was used, or 50% phoxim poison bait was used to control underground pests.
d. When planting, use the “seaweed essence†and “magic square†No. 6 and No. 7 liquids when immersed in the roots, and dilute 5,000-fold dilution water, and irrigate 1 kg per tree pit. Kill the seedling root soil including root cancer. A variety of toxic bacteria and viruses within.
e. A root cancer disease was found in the year or a few years after the colonization and was not reluctant to unplug and burn. The tree disc soil should be spread to expose the diseased roots. The tumor-like diseased part should be removed with a sterilized sharp knife, and then the seaweed extract should be used for immune stimulation and conditioning. 500 times + 500 times of disinfection and flees 500 times + shell oligosaccharide citrate 500 times liquid mixed brushing, slightly controlled dry chitosan citrate 500 times, carboxymethyl chitosan protection Agent 50 times brushing. After dry control, the seaweed plant is immunized once with a 1000-times concentration of immune-promoting opsonin 1000-fold + chito-oligosaccharide citrate callus, and then the water is leached and the soil is sealed. The scraped root cancer lesions were burned cleanly.
Practice has proved that the use of "seaweed essence", "magic formula" and other new biological control drugs have a significant effect. Here, we will focus on the introduction of bio-engineered chitooligosaccharide citrate callus, which is the world's leading scientific and technological achievements. This is to create a new material for the “magic cubeâ€. The reason why it can prevent and treat root cancer is to grasp three weaknesses of root cancer: First, Agrobacterium tumefaciens can only infect the roots of fruit trees, and secondly, its tumorigenic gene protein synthesis will be suppressed once it is blocked. It is unable to survive when the PH value is less than 5.7. In response to these three weaknesses, the six effects of chitosan citrate callus were multi-pronged and achieved significant healing effects.
First, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which inhibits bacterial growth and causes cherry tree root cancer, is a Gram-negative Agrobacterium. The C-amino group of chitooligosaccharide citrate not only confers its antibacterial property, but chitosan, a positively charged cation, attracts anions such as phospholipids in the cell walls of microorganisms to bind the degree of freedom of microorganisms and inhibit the reproduction of harmful fungi. Not only that, oligochitosan can also be phagocytosed by microbial cells, causing the DNA (DNA) of microorganisms to be transcribed to RNA (ribonucleic acid), inhibiting protein synthesis, inhibiting the reproduction of pathogens, and expressing inhibition of fungi, bacteria and viruses. Off. Oligochitosan citrate has a PH value of ≤5. It smears on root wounds and is poured on the roots of cherry trees. Agrobacterium tumefaciens cannot survive. Its residual liquid can also suppress the harmful mold and filamentous fungi in the soil, and greatly increase the number of beneficial microorganisms such as Azotobacter, fiber-decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes, and ensure the healthy growth of the cherry tree from the root.
The second is the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins that are resistant to pathogenic agents [3]. This is a unique point in the field of plant disease resistance. The oligosaccharide citrate callus induced resistance proteins mainly phytoalexin, chitinase, chitosanase and β-1, 3-glucanase and so on. Phytoalexin is a low molecular weight compound with significant antimicrobial activity and a protective effect on plants. Chitin and glucan are the main components of the fungal cell wall. The interaction of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase can be secreted into the cell wall and accumulated in the vacuole in the cell, constituting a defense against fungal infection. Chitinase, chitosanase and β-1,3-glucanase induced by chitosan citrate callus have synergistic effects with each other, so the antibacterial effect is more obvious.
The third is that it can induce lignin formation and phenolic metabolism. Lignin is a polymer formed by the condensation of various phenylpropanol species and is the main component of the secondary cell wall of plant vascular tissue, determining the strength and rigidity of the cell wall. The oligochitosan citrate callus induces plants to produce lignin around the infestation site of the pathogen, forming a physical barrier, thereby preventing and delaying the growth and spread of the pathogen, and enhancing the plant's resistance to disease. At the same time, it can promote the metabolism of phenols in plants. At the site of plant pathogen infestation, bactericidal substances such as phenols (tannins, chlorogenic acids, etc.) accumulate in large amounts. The increase of phenols in plants can not only be resistant to disease, but also promote the lignification of pathogenic infections and enhance the disease resistance of plants. The phenolic composition in cells induced by oligochitosan citrate callus changes rapidly, and phenylpropane, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid increase significantly.
The fourth is that it can protect the wound and prevent secondary infection of the bacteria. It is generally acknowledged by academia at home and abroad that wounds are the only way for Agrobacterium tumefaciens to infect plants, and protecting wounds is the best approach [4]. In the past, people's protection method was to use a copper sulfate solution and an antibacterial agent 402 solution to disinfect incisions, or use 400 units of streptomycin to smear incisions, plus protection of territories, etc., after thorough removal of tumors with a sharp knife. Many farmers have shown that these methods lack significant protection and often lead to side effects such as growth inhibition and rot. We used carboxymethyl chitosan in the “kin†of chitooligosaccharides to form a blend membrane with alginic acid, which has good film formation and bacteriostasis, and it can adsorb on the cell membrane surface of pathogens. Change the permeability of the cell membrane, resulting in cytoplasm loss of the bacteria, separation of the cytoplasmic wall and play a bacteriostatic effect; it can also penetrate into the cell body of the bacteria to adsorb the negatively charged cytoplasm in the cell, causing flocculation, disturbing the normal physiological activities of the cell Or inhibit the transcription of DNA in pathogenic bacteria and inhibit the reproduction of pathogens [5]. The blend film of carboxymethyl chitosan and alginic acid had strong tension and toughness, which could be maintained for 4 weeks and then degraded after 6 weeks. We use these characteristics to brush and form a film on the surface of the wound to become an artificial film. Before the new root system grows, it can not only inhibit the bacteria in the soil, but also protect the wound and promote wound healing. After the wound heals, it slowly degrades and becomes a high-quality organic fertilizer that is absorbed by the roots.
Fifth, it can induce plants to produce guaiac glucans and promote wound healing. Guaiac glucan is a polysaccharide rich in β-1, 3-glucanase. When a plant is attacked by a pathogen, it is often deposited between cells to create glucan, resulting in the site of infection. The normal cells are separated, and as with lignification, a physical barrier is formed so that pathogenic bacteria cannot spread to uninfected tissues and have an antibacterial effect. The oligochitosan citrate callus induces plants to produce guaiac glucan free from pathogenic bacteria, and can also make the cell wall thicken significantly. The capsules are packed, and a large number of papillae are formed in the invading area of ​​the pathogen. The pathogen is encapsulated. Buried in a dense particulate material that cannot be further diffused. At the same time, it can promote root cell differentiation and accelerate wound healing. The oligochitosan citrate callus can quickly penetrate the plant pores and cell gaps by virtue of the natural affinity of the citric acid and the plants, and accelerate the regeneration of plant cells. It penetrates the environmental phase in a short period of time and penetrates into the biological and biodynamic phases of the plant. It conducts, distributes, accumulates, and metabolizes in the root system, stimulating any part of the primary structure and substructure, such as bone marrow and secondary bast. Or parenchyma cells in secondary xylem, accelerating the transcription of DNA into RNA, thereby accelerating cell growth and promoting cell division. Under the action of oligochitosan citrate callus, traumatized cork camouflage layer can be quickly formed within 4 days after injury. They initially revolved around the parenchyma around the wound and the fibers, differentiated into a closed, small-circle, cork-forming layer, and gradually divided the corkscrew cells toward the central part of the circle to plug the wound. The oligochitosan citrate calli can quickly enter the parenchyma cells of the corpuscle formation layer, break the interwoven point between the cellulose structures of the cell wall, connect relaxation, cause water absorption, and increase the volume of the cells to divide, from within Split to form the plug inner layer. The oligochitosan citrate callus further promotes the division of the parenchyma cells between the two primary xylem and forms a part of the vascular cambium. With the cell division, the vascular cambium gradually grows toward both ends. Extend and move outward until the radiation angle of the primary xylem is connected to the outer plenum cells. At this point, these outer periosteal cells also restore their ability to divide, and are respectively associated with the initially formed vascular cambium, forming a complete continuous wavy formation surrounding the primary xylem. The formation layer on the inside of the phloem is pushed outwards by the newly formed tissue, promotes the formation of a layer to divide periwinklely, divides inwards to produce cells, and differentiates into new xylem. Addition to the outside of the primary xylem, as a secondary xylem; split out of the resulting cells, differentiate into a new phloem, added to the inside of the primary phloem for the secondary phloem, about 6 days to form vascular tissue, basic points The cortex is formed in the living tissue, and the root system returns to normal growth in about 12-15 days.
Sixth, chitooligosaccharide citrate can significantly activate plant growth genes, enhance crop nutrient absorption and photosynthesis, and quickly recover and thrive. At the turn of the spring and summer of 2004, we conducted a trial of preventing cherry root cancer in the Hongqi Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian. We found that the cherry was not only seriously rooted, but it was also harmed by chlormeson PP333. It does not grow. After treatment with oligochitosan citrate, only two months later, the root system was developed and the branches were long and leafy. The trials in Dalian all over the past three years have proved that while curing cherry tree root cancer, the branches, plant opening degree, fruit setting rate, fruit sugar content, acidity, and commodity shape are significantly better than that of the untreated control group. %the above.
References and related links
[1] "World Agriculture" monthly publication "The characteristics and countermeasures of plant root cancer"
[2] http://TechHtml/5/2/9/29364.html Root Cancer Killer - Chitooligosaccharide Citrate Callus
[3] http://ConsHtml/6/1/1/111534.html "The Rubik's cube was born and the root cancer escaped again"
[4] http://ConsHtml/6/1/1/111531.html "Dalian People Overcome Fruit Tree Incurable Diseases to Fill International Blanks"
[5] http://search.most.gov.cn/radar_detail.do?id=5163326 Fruit Bust Cancer Buster - Chitooligosaccharide Citrate Callus
[6] "Technical Plan for Controlling Root Cancer of Various Fruit Trees"
[7] http://ConsHtml/6/1/1/111527.html Cube Optimized Dealer
[8] http://《There is medicine to cure root cancer in fruit trees》
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