Current new epidemic of swine disease and prevention and control strategies (Summary)
1 New epidemic of swine disease
1. 1 In recent years, circulation of pigs or their livestock products at home and abroad have been accelerating frequently, spreading the epidemic, and under the premise of infinitely pursuing profitability of goods, there has been a lack of scientific breeding techniques and epidemic monitoring, resulting in the infection of certain farms. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and mortality are on the rise, especially in large-scale swine farms. If pathogens invade susceptible pigs in the pig environment, the entire population will soon be involved in significant economic losses. Such as blue ear disease and erythrocyte mixed infection or the latter mixed with the atypical mild swine fever infection, in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Hebei ... northeast fluctuations in the spread or harm. Second, circovirus and flu continue to occur under the cooperation of the blue ear virus and swine fever virus. In short, current swine diseases are mainly infectious diseases such as swine fever and blue ear disease. Especially in blue-ear disease-positive pig farms with mixed or infected Eperythrozoon or influenza, respiratory syndrome and so on.
1.2 Some swine diseases are numerous, changing from the original model to the atypical mild or subclinical type. For example, “gentle swine fever†is an atypical swine fever. The clinical symptoms of sick pigs are not typical, and the low virulent strains of swine fever virus usually cause only mild type disease and latent infection. However, when a pregnant sow is infected with a mild or low virulent strain, it can develop into a “poisoned sow syndromeâ€, and there is no abnormality in the sow’s appetite and mental status. As the virus invades the fetus in the uterus, it causes mummies, miscarriage, stillbirths (about 1/2 to 2/3 of the piglets per litter), or weak output; some have congenital muscle tremors; some produce piglets There is no obvious disease, but infected pigs have life-long poisoning and detoxification. After vaccination with swine fever vaccine, immune responses are not easily generated and natural immune tolerance can be formed. After a few pigs passed easily, the virulence was enhanced, but it was still the same serotype as the Shimonosesti swine virulent, causing persistent infection or latent infection of the swine fever. At present, China's prevalent swine fever virus and the traditional Shimen system, virulent and immune attenuated antigens have large differences in antigen genes, resulting in the emergence of immune evasion strains, leading to immune failure. The Tween component contained in triple vaccines of swine fever, swine erysipelas, and porcine lung disease interferes with swine fever. The phenomenon of infecting sows with attenuated strains of swine fever caused by high-density immunological stress has become widespread. The so-called sow syndrome has emerged. Through the placenta caused fetal loss of congenital infection and lead to lifelong poisoning. This shows that swine fever can be infected by placenta infection or boar semen.
In some cases, genetic mutations or serotypes of pathogens have occurred, resulting in weak or unsafe protection from immunization of bacterins produced by the original strain; such as E. coli vaccine, streptococcal vaccine, and swine lung vaccine.
1. 3 Old diseases still exist, and new epidemic features have emerged. Some bacteria produce drug resistance, drug resistance, variability, and cumulative effects of toxicity; some bacteria and viruses have antigen structure variations and serotypes are complex and changeable. The epidemic of these epidemic pathogens has caused atypical strains to mutate, leading to the prevalence of atypical epidemics, making the prevention and control of epidemics more and more difficult, and the epidemic increasing, such as E. coli disease, streptococcal disease, foot-and-mouth disease, and pig reproductive respiratory synthesis. Symptoms (in the United States in 89 years, in China in 1995), influenza, and pseudorabies in the respiratory illness.
1.4 The pathogenesis of herd disease has changed from the original single infection to the mixed infection-based syndrome. E. coli pneumonia, porcine epidemic diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis, or rotavirus diarrhea co-occur; swine fever is associated with paratyphoid or toxoplasmosis; pig asthma, pasteurellosis or porcine contagious Pleuropneumonia mixed infection, swine fever and Eperythrozoonosis mixed infection. Eperythrozoon is mixed with PRRS, or with flu.
1.5 Increased number of newly occurring diseases such as rabies, parvovirus, atrophic rhinitis, swine dysentery, pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome, transmissible gastroenteritis, porcine epidemic diarrhea, and porcine proliferative necrotizing pneumonia Porcine circovirus infection (porcine polysystemic failure, porcine dermatitis nephrotic syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, reproductive disorders and infectious congenital tremor), porcine proliferative enteritis and other diseases.
1.6 Diseases caused by improper environmental pollution, feed nutrition and improper feeding and management, such as joint disease, hoof disease, reproductive reproductive disease, toxic diseases (mold, pesticides, olaquindox, copper, arsenic and drugs) and stress syndrome and Hereditary diseases.
2 The strategy to prevent pig diseases must be changed. It is necessary to passively treat pig disease and raise it to prevent pig disease. That is, it is a left-handed immunization vaccine and phased administration; right hand, environmental hygiene and disinfection and feeding management. However, if there are too many pig diseases, all pig infectious diseases cannot be vaccinated. Only the threatened disease vaccines can be used. There are many epidemics without vaccines, and the protection rate of the vaccine cannot reach 100%. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the level of disease prevention pig disease, that is, to implement the health care of pigs, pigs will be no epidemic, no disease, we must establish a prevention-based, group prevention group treatment, group health concept. Wuhuan pig raising is to grasp the five links in breeds, feed, environment (sites, housing, etc.), health care and management in the breeding industry. These five links are closely integrated and are a unified whole. People-oriented, promote biosafety measures in an all-round way, early isolation of weaning techniques (MEV) and early drug weaning techniques to prevent epidemics (transformed by treating veterinarians as preventive veterinarians).
Now briefly describe the countermeasures to prevent current pig diseases:
2. 1 First of all, it is necessary to know what kind of epidemics the livestock farms in and around this area have, and then establish a reasonable immunization program. Investigations can be conducted using methods such as epidemiology, blood sampling, and necropsy. The current swine disease prevention program can be formulated with reference to Table 1.
2. 2 Intensive herd immunization monitoring: 10 to 14 days after the immunization of pigs, about 10% of the pig's blood should be drawn, serum should be separated for inspection, and serum antibodies should be detected. Timely grasp the effect of group immunity and re-inject seedlings if necessary!
2.3 Adherence to Quarantine Elimination of Certain Pigs Contaminated by Infectious Diseases: The veterinary diagnostic center of the Ministry of Agriculture and other units adopt the PT-PCR detection method to detect the following virus in swine diseases such as swine fever and pseudorabies (30- 60%), blue ear disease, Japanese encephalitis, porcine parvovirus, circovirus.
2. 4 Purify the disease, from the selection and breeding, feed management to reserve male and female sows, immunization at the right time, and start breeding. Establish breeding system and epidemic disease prevention system for pigs: Through introduction, expansion, breeding and artificial insemination, strengthen the construction of breeding farms, breeding stations and breeding pigs, increase the coverage of improved varieties, and achieve double breeding of breeding and disease prevention.
2.5 Do a good job of sanitization and purify the environment. Increasing the number of high-quality weaned piglets each sow is breeding each year is a fundamental guarantee for lowering company costs and improving operating profits and labor efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the work of breeding houses and gestation housing that account for four-fifths of the reproduction cycle. Adjusted shed rate, restricted material control, injection of estradiol (15mg) and other aphrodisiac methods to increase hair growth rate of pregnancy rate. Strengthen scientific feeding and management, early weaning of weaned piglets, new technologies such as all-in and all-out, improving the disease resistance of herds, and scientifically performing pulsed administration (SEP) for preventive health measures:
2.5. 1 Prevention of Early Infections and Health Care:
A. Sows used the following drugs per ton of material 1 week before delivery and 2 weeks after delivery:
1, 80% of the original net 125 grams + doxycycline 100 grams (or 300 grams of aureomycin).
2, 80% of the original net 125 grams + sulfamethoxazole (SIZ) 500 grams + trimethoprim (TMP) 100 grams + sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) 1000 grams.
B suckling stage
1. One-week-old and three-week-old immunizations were performed with one injection of asthmatic vaccine (intramuscular injection of "Remiji" and "Dika" is appropriate).
2, drink oral rehydration salt, add a variety of vitamins, acidifiers, digestive enzymes.
3, pigs drinking water or opening material can be added to support the original net 50 ~ 150ppm + amoxicillin 100ppm.
4. Add 80% of the original net of 125ppm of coprecipitate, 50p of the colistin, and 250ppm of Bacitracin zinc to the feed after 2 weeks of age.
5, add 80% of the original net 125ppm + aureomycin 300ppm.
6, add 80% of the original net 125 ppm + amoxicillin 200ppm + sulfa dimethyl 110ppm + TMP50ppm.
C. In the nursery phase after weaning, the following medicines may be used for health care, in addition to heat preservation and anti-stress.
1. One week before weaning and two weeks after the weaning, the raw material was added with net 110ppm of amycin and 400mg of chlortetracycline.
2, 1 week before weaning and 2 weeks after the weaning, the raw material was added net raw 110ppm + amoxicillin 175ppm.
3. One week before weaning and 2 weeks after weaning, 2% fluthiracnamone 1000ppm + sulfamethoxazole 110ppm + TMP 50ppm was added to the feed.
4. Pre-premix with lignomycin (100 grams of each of kilograms and actinomycins per kilogram): 44% by weight of feed, if it is one week or two weeks before delivery, then 120 ppm by weight.
5. Use milk with ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin lactate or norfloxacin niacin; add 5 grams of water to 100 kg of water for free drinking for 3 days.
6, with water-soluble erythromycin 50 to 10 grams added to 100 kg of water, for free drinking, once every 3 to 5 days, can prevent the pneumococci mold, rickettsia body.
7. Use 0.025% to 0.5 (250~500ppm) solution of tylosin tartrate for pigs' drinking: mixed feeding is 100~500ppm.
2.5.3 Mycoplasma and other microbial diseases in the lungs
1. Ampicillin + mininormycin + compound aminopyrine + thiophene.
2. Sulfamethoxy-6-methoxypyrimidine + amoxicillin + compound aminopyrine + thiophene.
3, sulfamethoxazole (sulfamethoxazole) + toluidine (TMP); both according to 5:2, 2.5mg/10 kg, mixed intramuscular injection 1 or 2 times / day, drinking water or oral administration , use 3 to 5 days.
4. Amikacin sulfate 10%, 1 ml/10 kg body weight.
Meilan injection 1%, 1ml/10 kg body weight.
1~2 times/day, 5 days is a course of treatment.
2.5.4 If the fever above is mixed with viral disease, it may be treated with a combination of viral agents such as amantadine and other drugs.
2.5.5 If the disease is Hansen, select each of the 200L U.
Add 10% Vc 100ml, Flounder C (0.4%), add 1 g of tendon, mixed with intramuscular injection (MDS M/I), 2~3 times per day for 3~5 days, at the same time, oral administration Spiralin about 8g (mixed diet), feed 3 to 5 days.
2.6 Long-term, fundamental measures include the use of genetic methods to include disease resistance in pig breeding objectives. Now that we have cultivated a group of pigs that are resistant to SARS, we will surely achieve even greater results in the future.
Swine fever is still the number one foe in the swine industry. It is atypical (testing for tonsil-derived fluorescent antibodies, piglet mesentery and renal hemorrhage, enteritis) and reproductive problems (abortion, stillbirth). Colostrum is eaten 1.5 hours after hyperinduction.
PRRS is also known as AIDS disease in pigs. Atypical pneumonia, abortion stillbirth, circulatory disorders ear violet (more severe toxoplasma ear violet, abortion stillbirth 20%, fetal stereotyped interstitial pulmonary edema);
PRV: 10-20% abortion in the 1980s, stillbirth, hepatorenal degeneration, splenic necrosis points; low mortality rate of abortion, hepatic white necrosis and pneumonia;
Lacquer: caused by virus and E. coli within 1 month, about 1 month old pig coccidia, 2 months old paratyphoid, fattening period is treponem and blood stasis;
Swine pneumonia: Mycoplasma, APP, Haemophilus latent infection: Toxoplasma gondii, PRRS, PMWS, SF
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