Campanulaceae breeding method

The method of propagation of the Platycodon grandiflorum includes seed propagation, propagation of the root head (rhizome or reed head). At present, seed propagation is the main method. There are two methods of direct seeding and seedling transplanting in production. Because the live broadcast output is higher than that of transplanting, and the straight bifurcation is less, the scraping processing is convenient, the quality is good, and the production is widely used.

First, seed propagation
(a) Seed characteristics
1. Seed shape Platycodon grandiflorum fruit obovoid, the top crack is 5 petals, brown when cooked, the majority of seeds. Seeds obovate or long obovate, winged on one side, full-length 2.0 ~ 2.6mm, width 1.2 ~ 1.6mm, thickness 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, brown or brown surface, shiny, dark vertical lines can be seen under the dissection microscope. The umbilicus is located at the base of the umbilicus, pit-like, wing width 0.2 ~ 0.4mm, often slightly lighter color. The endosperm is white and translucent with oil content. The embryos are small and straight, with 2 cotyledons. Thousand grain weight 0.93 ~ 1.4g.

2. Storage and Life Platycodon grandiflorum is propagated with seeds. Newly produced seeds must be used in the year. New seeds germinate quickly, germination rate is high, seedlings grown are uniform, robust, and conducive to management. The germination rate of Chen seeds is low every other year. According to the experiment, the new seeds were placed in the bottle of chickens and stored at room temperature for 17 and 30 months to determine the germination rate, which was 68.35% and 33.6%, respectively. According to reports, seeds harvested in the autumn of 1960 in Nanjing were stored in kraft paper bags at room temperature, and in the spring of 1962 seeds were germinated. In addition, according to the determination of Ichihara et al. in 1936, the limited lifespan of Platycodon grandiflorum seed germination under general storage conditions was 1 to 2 years.
3. Seed germination The seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum is not strict with the temperature, and it can germinate from 15°C to 30°C. The optimum germination temperature is 15°C～25°C. In addition, according to the experiment, gibberellin has a promoting effect on the seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum, with a concentration range of 50-200 ppm. According to the Xi'an Botanical Garden test, the ultrasonic power was 250W, the frequency was 20000Hz for 13 minutes, and the germination rate was 2.1 times higher than that of the control.

4. Buy Campanulaceae Seed Notes
(1) Distinguish whether it is Chen seed or new seed. The life span of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds is 1 to 2 years, and the germination rate of new seeds is about 70%. The germination rate of seeds that are stored for more than 1 year is very low. The germination rate can be measured before sowing. In addition, the surface of the new seeds is oily, shiny, and the Chen seeds have a dry, shiny surface.
(2) Be careful not to buy “doll species”, which is the seeds of annual plant knots. The "doll species" is thin and awkward, light in color, low in the rate of emergence, and weak in seedlings. It is best to use fresh seed from a two-year-old plant to grow the bulbs. It is large and plump, with a dark, shiny color and high seedling emergence rate. Yields can be more than 30% higher than "doll species."
(2) The live broadcast of the seeds can be broadcasted in spring, autumn or winter, and autumn broadcast is better. Autumn sowing emerged in the same year, with a long growth period, higher yield and quality than spring sowing.
Autumn sowing in mid-October, winter sowing in early November (usually winter sowing in Beijing, ie sowing in soil in early November), spring sowing in late March to mid-April (Northeast from about the beginning of April to May Late). In production, drills are often used. Shallow trenches are formed at intervals of 20 to 25 cm. The depth of the trenches is about 2 to 3 cm. The seeds are sown uniformly in the trenches. The seeds can also be mixed with fine sand (1:10 ratio) uniformly into the trenches. Save seed and spread easily. After sowing, the ground was covered and the ground was slightly suppressed. The Sichuan producing areas often covered a layer of fire ash. After the sowing in the dry areas, watering was needed to moisten the plants or heat preservation and moisturizing of the grass cover. Seed 0.5-0.8kg per acre. About 2 weeks after sowing in autumn.
In order to promote early emergence, soaking germination with warm soup can be used. The seeds are placed in warm water of 50°C and stirred until water is cool. Then they are soaked for 8 hours. The seeds are wrapped in wet cloth and placed at 25°C～30°C. Wet sacks are covered well. Sooner or later, pour with warm water once a day. Seeds germinate about 4 to 5 days before sowing. Seeds can also be soaked with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 24 hours before sowing. Remove and rinse off the liquid, and soak to dry to increase the germination rate.
(III) Transplanting seedlings
1. Seedlings are planted in March each year. Seedlings are selected for shelter in sunny areas and sheltered from the wind. Full-size base fertilizers are used to cultivate the seedlings. The seedlings are 120 cm wide and 15 to 20 cm high. The length is not limited. According to line spacing 15cm open 2 ~ 3cm deep shallow groove broadcast. Seeds were treated and germinated by the live broadcast method before sowing. Seed and grass ash plus appropriate amount of livestock and manure water are mixed evenly into the ditch, covering the fertile soil 0.5 ~ 1cm, and finally cover the grass insulation moisture, to prevent rain erosion.
10 to 15 days after spring sowing, the seedlings should be removed in time. When the seedling height is 1.5cm, the seedlings are to be planted, and the seedlings and thin and weak seedlings are to be removed. When the seedling height is 3cm, seedlings are planted at a distance of 3 to 4cm, and then the management is strengthened. Pay attention to the removal of weeds, watering during drought to keep the soil moist, in order to facilitate the growth of seedlings, and appropriate fertilization, until the autumn or spring before germination, out of planting. This method is convenient for seedling management, saving labor and land, but the main root is not obvious.
2. Transplanting Campanulaceae autumn and spring planting two. After the autumn crop is wilting on the ground, it is carried out in mid-to late October and before freezing. Spring planting is generally planted from mid-March to late April each year. Before the planting, the roots are picked up and divided into three levels according to large, medium, and small, and planted separately. When planting on the lotus root by row spacing 15 ~ 20cm open horizontal ditch, depth 20cm, spacing 6cm, the seedlings obliquely placed in the ditch, the roots raised, the root tip straight, be careful not to hurt the fibrous roots, or easy to produce lateral roots, affect the quality . After planting, the fine soil is higher than the root head, and it can be pressed at a slight pressure, and the rooting water is poured.

Second, the root head (rhizome or reed head) breeding can be planted in spring or autumn, are harvested during the Campanulaceae, better planted in autumn.
When harvesting bellflowers in the fall, select well-grown, disease-free plants. Cut the seeds from 1 cm below the top of the reed. Mix them with fine fire ash and plant them. This will not only infect the infected rot, but also stimulate the section. The cells produce callus to make rooting easier after planting. Choose sandy loam soil with fertile soil, abundant sunshine, and good drainage. First deep-dip 30-40 cm, finely level the soil, open 1.5-meter mound, and require 20-25 cm high to facilitate drainage. ~ 25cm open horizontal groove, ditch depth of about 10cm, to 10cm between the distance between the top of a reed. Each ditch is applied to the human feces water 2 ~ 3kg, covering the soil, to cover no Lu head for the degree, should not be too thick, and finally spread in the kind of ditch after decomposed circle fertilizer, about 3000kg per mu, it can not only antifreeze Moisturizing is also the source of fat for the early growth of Platycodon grandiflorum after emergence. The second year of spring unearthed, with an average of 2 to 3 shoots per plant.

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