Burmese tortoises (commonly known as elephant tortoises) are species of terrestrial turtles, and their heads and nostrils are all pale yellow. Each scutellum of the carapace has a rectangular or irregular large dark spot in the middle of the scutellum. The color is better. And temperament is mild, easier to raise, is increasingly favored by people in the country.
1, biological characteristics
1.1 Shape Characteristics The head is light yellow, with symmetrical scales at the top, kiss blunt, hooks slightly on the upper jaw, small mouth cracks, and anterior lower position. The nose is light yellow or pink. The dorsal armor is highly arched, with a rectangular or indeterminate large dark brown spot in the middle of each scutellum; the plastron front is thick and the trailing edge is deep; the limbs resemble legs, all of which are cylindrical and gray. It is also known as a tortoise. It is brown and has large scales.
1.2 Habits of the turtle warm and chills, less activity below 17 °C, 12 °C began to enter the shallow hibernation, long-term at about 6 °C, easily sick; hi Jing afraid scared; hi weak light afraid of light; hi habitat in It is active on hills or bushes and on sandy lands. The habitat is relatively fixed. The turtles are gentle and do not bite each other.
1.3 Feeding The turtle is herbivorous and feeds on young grass, flowers, fruit, fungi, and earthworms in nature. Artificial breeding, like eating bananas, vegetables, fish meal containing soft particles of food and lean meat, watermelon, apples and small insects.
1.4 Growth and reproduction The average species size of the species was 283.3g/animal in captivity conditions. After 92 days of cultivation, the average weight gain rate was 39.41%. The average daily weight gain was 1.23g. The young turtles grew faster and grew faster. Turtles grow slowly. The turtle can distinguish between male and female with a weight of 300g or more. The male turtle has a depression in the middle of the plastron. The tail is long and thick. The cloacal hole is farther from the posterior edge of the plastron (anal shield posterior edge). The female turtle has a relatively flat central plastron, and the tail is fine and short, and the cloacal hole is away from the anal shield. The trailing edge is closer. During reproduction, the male and female turtles turn pink around their eyes and nose.
The mating season is from May to August in nature, and the spawning period is from June to November. The eggs are white and long oval and the egg shell is thick. The length of eggs is about 45mm, the short diameter is about 35mm, and the weight is about 37g.
2, aquaculture technology
2.1 turtle equipment is the most important turtle equipment, a small amount of breeding and simple equipment for the height of 30cm above the wooden box or plastic box, 0.3 square meters to several square meters can be set within the bait box, drinking box, the bottom of the box The pad is sanded with 10cm of fine sand and cultured at low temperatures. Lamps or heating devices must be installed. The upper edges of the four corners of the box should be a piece of reinforced cover plate (right-angled triangle).
Bulk culture is suitable for the establishment of special turtle box (pool), the box size is generally 2 ~ 3m long, width 1 ~ 1.8m, height 38cm, can be used wood or non-toxic plastic or glass steel and other materials, can also be used cement brick to make. The upper edges of the four corners of the box (pool) shall be provided with cover plates for escape and shading; a fluorescent lamp shall be hung on one side wall, and a heater with a protective cover net shall be placed at the bottom of the opposite side; another bottom corner of the box shall be used to place the drinking water box. Far as bait box. The bottom of the tank (pool) is slightly inclined. 1/3 to 1/2 of the bottom area is covered with fine sandy soil, and the thickness is about 10cm. It is used for sports and habitats. At the end that is not on the wall, the sleek sheet must be used to block the sandy soil. On the outside, some sections should be set. Climb the board so that the tortoise can easily climb up and down.
2.2 Selection and stocking of turtle seedlings
2.2.1 Selection of seedlings Tortoises or adult turtles are mainly selected in the following way: "Look at one, pull, and pull": First, look at the demeanor of the turtle, have eyes in the eyes, and turn it flexibly. There is no color point and secretion on the eyeball. Better; look at the tongue in the mouth, pink, non-viscous liquid, no white spots is better; also see the feces, such as the dark green or milky white long cylindrical cylindrical health turtle. Hand turtles limbs, retractive powerful, fast, when the crawling limbs propped up the turtle body, do not whine, not posted to those who prefer; hand turtles, weigh their weight, the heavier turtles should be selected.
2.2.2 The seedlings must be disinfected with a disinfectant prior to stocking. 10ml of clean water can be used to add 2mL of "fungus soaking agent", so that the medicine has just flooded turtle back, soak 5min, water can not be too deep.
Stocking density: 10 to 20 young turtles/m2, and 3 to 5 adult turtles/square meter.
Taming food: Most recently purchased turtles do not take the initiative to eat, but need to tame food. The method is to temporarily put the turtle in a quiet environment, when the temperature is 20 ~ 30 °C, every day with bananas or watermelon, cucumber or tomato pieces, on the front of the turtle mouth to lure. If you still refuse to eat for a few days, you should fill it. Regardless of food intake or feeding, turtles should eat less for the first time.
Feeding: Wash and sterilize biological foods such as vegetables and fruits to prevent pesticides from harming tortoises. The general feeding amount is about 6% to 10% of the turtle's body weight. If it is appropriate to use the bait with about 1%, it should be fed 1 to 2 times daily. Below 22 °C should be fed once every 2d, and the amount of bait should be reduced. Drinking water should not be overlooked. Clean water should be put into the drinking box daily for turtles to drink.
2.2.3 Other feeding and management items The residual slag and feces shall be cleaned every day. The photon ozone shall be used to irradiate the bottom of the box (pool) every 7 to 10 days. It may also be disinfected with a UV lamp capable of emitting a wavelength of 220 to 320 nm (at this time, the turtle must be removed Outside the tank pool); renew sand every month. Scrub the water box and bait box every day; regulate the temperature in time and avoid sudden changes in temperature; check the turtle's body every day and find out that the diseased turtle should be removed and treated separately.
2.3 turtle disease prevention
2.3.1 Etiology of gastroenteritis: After the turtle ingests food, the ambient temperature suddenly drops; the drinking water is not clean; and the bad food is fed. Symptoms: Mild disease turtles feces soft or fecal with a small amount of mucus, feces was green, yellow, turtles move, eating less; seriously ill turtles drainage-like dilute feces or mucus-like red sauce, blood red feces, turtles are not eating It does not move. There are multiple bleeding points on the intestinal and stomach walls. Prevention: Eliminate the cause of the disease and provide good conditions for raising the environment. Gentamicin was given to mildly diseased turtles or to take furazolidone and chloramphenicol. Severe disease turtle is intramuscular injection of gentamicin, 80 million units per 50kg turtle, daily injection once, even for 3 days for a course of treatment, usually 1 to 2 courses can be cured.
2.3.2 Internal parasites New tortoises captured or introduced from the wild have parasite eggs and body introduced into the body. They are parasitic on the stomach, intestines, lungs, liver and other parts. The disease is the body of the turtle, anorexia, and paralysis. move. Can be used intestinal worms clear, levamisole, ball and so on. In order to prevent the occurrence of the disease, it is necessary to carefully select and clean the bait, and the live bait must be disinfected and disinfested strictly, and the use of a bait-feeding turtle is recommended.
1, biological characteristics
1.1 Shape Characteristics The head is light yellow, with symmetrical scales at the top, kiss blunt, hooks slightly on the upper jaw, small mouth cracks, and anterior lower position. The nose is light yellow or pink. The dorsal armor is highly arched, with a rectangular or indeterminate large dark brown spot in the middle of each scutellum; the plastron front is thick and the trailing edge is deep; the limbs resemble legs, all of which are cylindrical and gray. It is also known as a tortoise. It is brown and has large scales.
1.2 Habits of the turtle warm and chills, less activity below 17 °C, 12 °C began to enter the shallow hibernation, long-term at about 6 °C, easily sick; hi Jing afraid scared; hi weak light afraid of light; hi habitat in It is active on hills or bushes and on sandy lands. The habitat is relatively fixed. The turtles are gentle and do not bite each other.
1.3 Feeding The turtle is herbivorous and feeds on young grass, flowers, fruit, fungi, and earthworms in nature. Artificial breeding, like eating bananas, vegetables, fish meal containing soft particles of food and lean meat, watermelon, apples and small insects.
1.4 Growth and reproduction The average species size of the species was 283.3g/animal in captivity conditions. After 92 days of cultivation, the average weight gain rate was 39.41%. The average daily weight gain was 1.23g. The young turtles grew faster and grew faster. Turtles grow slowly. The turtle can distinguish between male and female with a weight of 300g or more. The male turtle has a depression in the middle of the plastron. The tail is long and thick. The cloacal hole is farther from the posterior edge of the plastron (anal shield posterior edge). The female turtle has a relatively flat central plastron, and the tail is fine and short, and the cloacal hole is away from the anal shield. The trailing edge is closer. During reproduction, the male and female turtles turn pink around their eyes and nose.
The mating season is from May to August in nature, and the spawning period is from June to November. The eggs are white and long oval and the egg shell is thick. The length of eggs is about 45mm, the short diameter is about 35mm, and the weight is about 37g.
2, aquaculture technology
2.1 turtle equipment is the most important turtle equipment, a small amount of breeding and simple equipment for the height of 30cm above the wooden box or plastic box, 0.3 square meters to several square meters can be set within the bait box, drinking box, the bottom of the box The pad is sanded with 10cm of fine sand and cultured at low temperatures. Lamps or heating devices must be installed. The upper edges of the four corners of the box should be a piece of reinforced cover plate (right-angled triangle).
Bulk culture is suitable for the establishment of special turtle box (pool), the box size is generally 2 ~ 3m long, width 1 ~ 1.8m, height 38cm, can be used wood or non-toxic plastic or glass steel and other materials, can also be used cement brick to make. The upper edges of the four corners of the box (pool) shall be provided with cover plates for escape and shading; a fluorescent lamp shall be hung on one side wall, and a heater with a protective cover net shall be placed at the bottom of the opposite side; another bottom corner of the box shall be used to place the drinking water box. Far as bait box. The bottom of the tank (pool) is slightly inclined. 1/3 to 1/2 of the bottom area is covered with fine sandy soil, and the thickness is about 10cm. It is used for sports and habitats. At the end that is not on the wall, the sleek sheet must be used to block the sandy soil. On the outside, some sections should be set. Climb the board so that the tortoise can easily climb up and down.
2.2 Selection and stocking of turtle seedlings
2.2.1 Selection of seedlings Tortoises or adult turtles are mainly selected in the following way: "Look at one, pull, and pull": First, look at the demeanor of the turtle, have eyes in the eyes, and turn it flexibly. There is no color point and secretion on the eyeball. Better; look at the tongue in the mouth, pink, non-viscous liquid, no white spots is better; also see the feces, such as the dark green or milky white long cylindrical cylindrical health turtle. Hand turtles limbs, retractive powerful, fast, when the crawling limbs propped up the turtle body, do not whine, not posted to those who prefer; hand turtles, weigh their weight, the heavier turtles should be selected.
2.2.2 The seedlings must be disinfected with a disinfectant prior to stocking. 10ml of clean water can be used to add 2mL of "fungus soaking agent", so that the medicine has just flooded turtle back, soak 5min, water can not be too deep.
Stocking density: 10 to 20 young turtles/m2, and 3 to 5 adult turtles/square meter.
Taming food: Most recently purchased turtles do not take the initiative to eat, but need to tame food. The method is to temporarily put the turtle in a quiet environment, when the temperature is 20 ~ 30 °C, every day with bananas or watermelon, cucumber or tomato pieces, on the front of the turtle mouth to lure. If you still refuse to eat for a few days, you should fill it. Regardless of food intake or feeding, turtles should eat less for the first time.
Feeding: Wash and sterilize biological foods such as vegetables and fruits to prevent pesticides from harming tortoises. The general feeding amount is about 6% to 10% of the turtle's body weight. If it is appropriate to use the bait with about 1%, it should be fed 1 to 2 times daily. Below 22 °C should be fed once every 2d, and the amount of bait should be reduced. Drinking water should not be overlooked. Clean water should be put into the drinking box daily for turtles to drink.
2.2.3 Other feeding and management items The residual slag and feces shall be cleaned every day. The photon ozone shall be used to irradiate the bottom of the box (pool) every 7 to 10 days. It may also be disinfected with a UV lamp capable of emitting a wavelength of 220 to 320 nm (at this time, the turtle must be removed Outside the tank pool); renew sand every month. Scrub the water box and bait box every day; regulate the temperature in time and avoid sudden changes in temperature; check the turtle's body every day and find out that the diseased turtle should be removed and treated separately.
2.3 turtle disease prevention
2.3.1 Etiology of gastroenteritis: After the turtle ingests food, the ambient temperature suddenly drops; the drinking water is not clean; and the bad food is fed. Symptoms: Mild disease turtles feces soft or fecal with a small amount of mucus, feces was green, yellow, turtles move, eating less; seriously ill turtles drainage-like dilute feces or mucus-like red sauce, blood red feces, turtles are not eating It does not move. There are multiple bleeding points on the intestinal and stomach walls. Prevention: Eliminate the cause of the disease and provide good conditions for raising the environment. Gentamicin was given to mildly diseased turtles or to take furazolidone and chloramphenicol. Severe disease turtle is intramuscular injection of gentamicin, 80 million units per 50kg turtle, daily injection once, even for 3 days for a course of treatment, usually 1 to 2 courses can be cured.
2.3.2 Internal parasites New tortoises captured or introduced from the wild have parasite eggs and body introduced into the body. They are parasitic on the stomach, intestines, lungs, liver and other parts. The disease is the body of the turtle, anorexia, and paralysis. move. Can be used intestinal worms clear, levamisole, ball and so on. In order to prevent the occurrence of the disease, it is necessary to carefully select and clean the bait, and the live bait must be disinfected and disinfested strictly, and the use of a bait-feeding turtle is recommended.
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