Freshwater grouper is a cichlid fish species native to Nicaragua, Central America, and is the main freshwater economic fish in Nicaragua. It has the characteristics of rapid growth, strong disease resistance, easy fishing, and delicious meat quality. In recent years, the scale of freshwater grouper has become larger and larger. It is an ideal new breed of freshwater culture.
First, biological characteristics
1. Morphological characteristics: Freshwater grouper has a spindle type, upper mouth, and similar body shape. There are eight black lines on each side of the trunk, and the fish is slightly yellow on the surface. Pectoral fins are pale yellow, pelvic fins, dorsal fins, and anal fins all have black markings and caudal fins with black stripes perpendicular to the body. In addition to the black and white stripes, the adult fish surface is light yellow, and the body color changes with the external water environment. When breeding, males have darker body color, female body is lighter in color, yellowish, pelvic sternum, caudal fins, and genital process.
2. Habits: Freshwater grouper is a tropical fish that grows in fresh water and can also grow in seawater with a salinity of 10 ‰ or less. Its temperature range is 25°C to 30°C. When the water temperature dropped below 20°C, the food intake decreased significantly. When the water temperature dropped to 15°C, the body lost its balance and began to die. In winter, greenhouses must be kept warm to manage and the water temperature should be kept above 19°C during the winter to ensure the normal metabolism of groupers. Freshwater grouper is a ground fish that is resistant to hypoxia and has strong resistance to disease. It can be mixed with tilapia and carp to remove small fry in tilapia and carp ponds, and it plays a role of high quality, high yield, and high efficiency.
3. Main feeding habits: Freshwater grouper is a carnivorous fish. Its meat-eating property is very strong. In the fry stage, zooplankton is the main species. Individuals with large disparities will kill each other. Therefore, attention should be paid to individual differences when breeding. Sub-tank management. The fry after breeding should be removed in time to avoid being swallowed by the broodstock. Starting from the fry, it can feed artificial compound feed and can generally be fed with floating high-quality protein fish feed.
Second, feeding and management
1. Feed management: The freshly hatched larvae of freshwater grouper have a total length of 0.58 to 0.6 cm. The clusters are constantly moving at the bottom of the pool. The control water temperature is between 26°C and 28°C. The yolk sac is completely filled on the 6th day after hatching. disappear. The larvae swim to the upper and middle layers of water and are no longer clustered at the bottom of the pond. Small fry after the disappearance of the yolk can be fed to small zooplankton such as rotifers and horny horns. After a little later, they can be fed with high-protein crumb-like artificial feeds. After domestication and feeding, after about 1 month of cultivation, the body can reach a height of about 10 cm and fish culture can be conducted in the pond. In the southern region, the summer time is relatively long and the fry with a body length of about 10 cm can reach 500 g after 100 days of culture. The maximum weight of freshwater grouper can reach more than 1200 grams.
2. Reproductive reproduction: Freshwater grouper can lay eggs as soon as it is winter. The spawning habits are basically the same as that of tilapia. Many spawning holes are also dug in the bottom of the pond. Spawning is usually in the afternoon. After spawning, the female eggs are mainly guarded by fertilized eggs. Males also cooperate to defend, but with the continuation of embryonic development, guarding behavior is getting weaker and weaker until they leave. The fertilized eggs are oval in shape, and the eggs are dark yellow, opaque, sticky eggs, and the eggs are scattered on the bottom of the pool. There is little overlap. Each female can produce more than 3000 eggs each time. When the water temperature is between 26°C and 29°C, the fertilized eggs can hatch out after 48 hours.
3. Seed cultivation: freshwater grouper fry seedlings cultivation pool to earthen pond is better, the general area of ​​a single pond is 50 to 100 square meters, water depth l ~ 1.5 meters. Before fry stocking, drain the pool water, thoroughly clear the pond with the quick lime, and apply enough water to fertilize the base fertilizer to breed a large number of zooplankton. After the fish fry, there is a large amount of natural food to eat. With the growth of the fry, With the increase of food intake, the number of zooplankton in the pool is gradually reduced, and soymilk can be artificially fed. When the fry reaches 3 cm or more, its diet begins to change. At this time, the fish can be fed on the food table to start tame, 2 After 3 days, add a small amount of artificial compound feed, and then gradually increase the amount of artificial compound feed, until all artificial feed domestication and feeding. The daily feeding amount is generally about 20% of the fish's body weight, and it is fed 3 times a day.
Third, adult fish breeding
The freshwater grouper can be cultivated in a polyculture mode. Locally, the main freshwater grouper is the main species. The seed is purchased for wintering in the south. The size is 10 cm. The type of mixed fish is tilapia, squid, etc. Three hundred freshwater grouper fishes are stocked on the water surface of the mussels, and there are 150 tilapia, 100 seabass and 100 seabass. Feeding artificial compound feed during the rearing period, and after six months of cultivation, the average freshwater grouper can weigh more than 350 grams. (Shaoshui County Vocational Education Center Hou Heju)
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