The crocodile is a kind of wild animal with high research value, ecological value and economic value. It belongs to the Reptilia, Crocodilia, Crocodylus. There are 3 species, 8 genera and 23 species of crocodile in the world. The crocodile is full of treasures, such as crocodile meat, bones, bones, and internal organs. It is rich in good proteins and essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and various trace elements. Crocodile bile, with detoxification, flat heat, new detoxification, promote metabolism, can be used to treat bone cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, central retinitis and food poisoning, especially for fatty liver and liver cirrhosis have a significant effect; The crocodile-cultivating country, Thailand, cherishes crocodile gallbladder. As infertility and irregular menstruation for women, it is considered a panacea. Crocodile liver, with Bunao, new blood, moisture, nourishing yin and liver, the power of eyesight, can treat senile cataracts, vision loss and so on. Crocodile heart, with 37, Salvia, Yang Xin soothe the nerves, promoting blood circulation, and treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial hypoxia, coronary heart disease and so on. Crocodile bone can treat and prevent rheumatic bone pain. Crocodile powder contains a large amount of active calcium and phosphorus, which can be used to treat osteoporosis and calcium deficiency in children. Crocodile tail rubber can not only nourish the liver and kidney, but also strengthens the vitality of the cells and enhances the vitality of the cells. It can also enhance the skin's elasticity, increase the elasticity of the skin, reduce and delay the appearance of wrinkles, and has a satisfactory effect on allergies. Crocodile has always been loved by consumers. However, due to crocodile growth environment requirements are not high, some farms aquaculture water pollution, poor water quality, feeding the feed quality problems, resulting in bad crocodile growth, affecting the quality of crocodile meat, and some odor, serious impact Crocodile reputation. In view of this situation, we have conducted a research on the crocodile health culture technology since 2002 in the Zhenshan Crocodile Breeding Co., Ltd. and Sihui City Science and Technology Demonstration Yard. The purpose is to explore the technical measures and methods for the healthy farming of crocodiles. With the effect, provide the society with healthy, non-polluting food and ensure the health of the people. Practice has proved that the effect is obvious, the method is feasible and worth promoting.
The crocodile breeding base is located in the Zhenshan tourist area of ​​Sihui City, Guangdong Province, covering an area of ​​400 acres. During the implementation of the research project, the crocodile was all fed with self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapias, oysters, quail). Fish ponds are regularly refilled with fresh water. Self-cultivation of feed fish (tilapia, cockroach, clams) is conducted on its own, and feeds are uniformly distributed and managed in a unified manner. The results showed that the commodity crocodile meat is delicious, sweet and brittle. It has been tested to meet the epidemic prevention standards, complies with food hygiene and safety standards, and meets the requirements of international pollution-free foods; and the crocodile grows fast, yields high, and has good economic returns.
First, method
1. The correct site selection The crocodile breeding base is located in the Zhenshan Tourist Area of ​​Sihui City, Guangdong Province. The Zhenshan Tourist Area is the only provincial-level tourism scenic spot. The entire Zhenshan Tourist Area focuses on tourism, sightseeing, and ecological agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by pollution-free vegetables, flowers, and pollution-free aquaculture, and there are no "three wastes" discharged from the plant. The entire area is in good environmental condition, with no industrial pollution, no pesticide pollution, no pollution to life. Adequate water supply, good water quality, fresh air, and no soil pollution. The fish ponds in the crocodile breeding base have fertile soil, environmental hygiene, and fresh air. The new water that is replaced is the mountain spring water of Zhenshan Mountain. It is absolutely pollution-free and has a fresh water quality. It is in full compliance with the requirements of pollution-free and pollution-free breeding.
2. Fish Pond Facilities (1) Alligators are cultured in earth ponds and have a total area of ​​225 mu. Each pond has an area of ​​1-2 mu. The bottom of the pond is flat, the sludge is ≤20CM, and the water depth is 1-1.5 meters. There is a one meter high wall around the fish ponds to prevent crocodile running and outsiders from entering. The ratio of water surface to land area in the wall is approximately 1:1, which is conducive to the growth of crocodiles.
(2) Feed fish (tilapias, cockroaches, cockroaches) are cultured in soil ponds with a total area of ​​165 mu and each pond has an area of ​​8-10 mu. The bottom of the pond is flat, the sludge is ≤ 20 cm, and the water depth is 1.5-2 meters.
3, crocodile species selection The main varieties of crocodile breeding are Siamese crocodile, Nile crocodile, Crocodile.
4. Disinfect ponds and dry ponds in clear ponds and disinfect and adjust water quality before clearing the ponds.
5. The water quality monitoring base has a quality control working group responsible for quality and safety monitoring. In particular, strict control measures are applied to the surrounding environment of the base aquaculture waters. The personnel of the basic geological control team must pay close attention to whether the spraying of pesticides, water sources, or changes in water quality in the surrounding farmland will jeopardize the aquaculture production, and fisheries and environmental protection agencies will actively cooperate with them to identify pollution accidents. Remedial measures should be taken in a timely manner to prevent influencing the base production. We commissioned the Guangdong Fisheries Quality Supervision and Inspection Center to conduct an “evaluation report on the environmental quality of pollution-free agricultural production areas†on the water body of this base and its surrounding environment. The report concluded that the water quality of the breeding water in the base is in line with the “Quality of freshwater aquaculture water for non-environmental foods†( NY5051-2001) requirements.
6, the choice of fry 1 choose healthy, disease-free, self-breeding breeds that have passed the inspection or crocodile seedlings imported from Thailand for stocking. 2 Select healthy and disease-free seedlings such as tilapia, cockroach and quail.
7, stocking density per mu to give body length 30-100 cm (3-10 kg) 200-300 crocodile seedlings, feed fish (tilapia, clams, cockroaches) stocking density as usual, the implementation of catching large stay small.
8. Feeding methods 1 All crocodiles are fed with self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapias, oysters, clams), and fish ponds are regularly refilled with fresh water. The implementation of catching and keeping small, that is, crocodile reached more than 30 kilograms per tail, the capture processing and listing, has not reached the market specifications continue to grading culture.
2 Feeds of tilapia, cockroach and clams are mainly fed with mixed feeds, corn, wheat husks, etc., scientifically fed, and regularly used lime, beneficial microorganisms and water quality improver, equipped with aerators, and pumps for oxygenation and water exchange. The implementation of catching large and small, that is to achieve the feed specifications for the crocodile feed, if not meet the specifications continue to grading culture.
9. Daily management measures The base uses crocodile to feed the self-raised, fresh feed fish (tilapia, alfalfa, and clams), feeds in a unified manner, and manages business operations in a unified manner. We are responsible for the training of the technical staff of the base staff for the health care production of crocodiles, providing technical guidance services, and focusing on key links such as water quality control, seedling purchase, feed use, and disease prevention and drug use. The daily management measures include:
a) Regular monitoring of aquaculture water quality, in which the water quality of the water source is tested once every 10 days. The water quality of the aquaculture pond is tested once every 15 days. The standard of NY5051-2001 is used. The PH value is 7-8.5, the transparency is about 30CM, and the dissolved oxygen is 4MG/ L above. The water quality of this base was sampled and tested at the inlet and pond by the Fisheries Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of Guangdong Province. The 12 items tested included color, smell, taste, total coliform, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, arsenic, and copper. Fluoride, petroleum, 666, dripping, etc., all meet the requirements of “Water Quality of Non-pollution Food Freshwater Aquaculture†(NY5051-2001).
b) The production personnel shall adhere to the “Aquaculture Production Record†and record the species, source and growth of the seed, the source of feed, the status of the feed, and the changes in water quality, etc., and formulate a scientific breeding plan to promote the healthy growth of the cultured objects.
c) Correct use of fish feed, feed additives and aquaculture medications. All crocodile was fed to the live tilapia, cockroach and cockroach farmed on this base. The crocodiles were put in a reasonable and even amount for each growth stage, so that the activities of crocodiles were observed every day, the water quality changes, and the weather conditions were determined flexibly. Feed the amount of feed every day, so that the crocodile eats well, no waste prevails, and it is forbidden to put in spoiled fish meat; the breeding of tilapia, clams and clams at this base is forbidden to use “three non-precious†feed and feed additive products. Prevent feed deterioration and expiration; do not use illicit drugs for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. Disease prevention and control adopts the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control combinedâ€, mainly biological agents, reducing the use of chemical drugs, and comprehensive measures to prevent fish diseases include: 1 Selecting healthy and disease-free, self-reprofessing breeds that have passed inspection or imported from Thailand Crocodile stocks are stocked. 2 Select healthy, disease-free seedlings such as tilapia, cockroach and quail. Fish seedlings are disinfected and sterilized before entering the pool; high-quality feeds are selected; and biological agents such as photosynthetic bacteria and water quality improvers are regularly used to regulate water quality.
At the same time, the constant replacement of fresh water and recycled water is used to continuously replace new water in the alligator ponds to ensure that the water is fresh. At the same time, the old water of the crocodile ponds is discharged to the fish ponds for tilapia, oysters and clams, making full use of them. The culture wastewater of the alligator pond ensures ecological balance and environmental sanitation.
d) Pay attention to the insulation. The winter crocodile is not cold tolerant. When the water temperature drops to 15°C, the activity stops. In cold weather in winter, we covered the crocodile pool with thin film and poured water from the deep wells into the pond to ensure safe wintering of crocodile and other fish. At the same time, we increased the crocodile's livelihood and began eating in the winter to allow it to grow. development.
Second, the results After more than three years of breeding, crocodile and other feed fish (tilapia, cockroaches, cockroaches) are growing well, basically no disease, high yield, good quality, high economic efficiency. At present, all kinds of crocodile farms have reached more than 20,000 breeding grounds. The crocodile harvested in 2004 reached more than 30 tons (more than 1,000 tails, more than 30 kilograms per tail), and the meat is delicious, sweet and brittle, and it is exported to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian and other places are deeply loved by consumers. The crocodile produced by this base was inspected by the Animal Epidemic Prevention Supervision Bureau of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. The animal epidemic prevention conditions were qualified and met the food hygiene and safety standards, and reached the international pollution-free food requirements. At the same time, Guangzhou Import and Export Food Inspection and Research Center has detected that crocodile meat is rich in excellent protein and essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and various trace elements, such as protein 21.28%, calcium 46mg/kg, iron 5mg/kg Zinc 10 mg/kg, vitamin A 532 ug/100 g, vitamin E 1.79 mg/100 g, amino acid analysis 15.2%.
III. Discussion and Analysis In more than three years of breeding, the crocodile grows well, its growth rate is faster than other farms, and its quality is good and its taste is good. The main reason is that we have the biggest and distinctive features: all crocodile cast Feeding self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapia, alfalfa, alfalfa) to ensure the quality of feed fish; while other domestic and international crocodile farms purchase feed fish from off-site, it is difficult to avoid problems with feed fish and seriously affects crocodiles Quality and taste, at the same time, we also have 4 good, that is, good feeding sites, good water quality environment, good seed quality, and good day-to-day management. With superior geographical environment, good water quality, healthy and disease-free seedlings, high-quality feed, and strict management measures, the crocodile products cultivated are naturally superior foods with superior quality and taste.
1. Good feeding site The crocodile breeding base is located in Zhenshan Tourism Zone, Sihui City, Guangdong Province. The environment of the area is excellent, and there is no industrial pollution, pesticide pollution and domestic pollution. Adequate water supply, good water quality, fresh air, and no soil pollution. The base was identified as the pollution-free agricultural product base in Guangdong Province by the Marine and Fisheries Bureau of Guangdong Province.
2. The new water with good water quality and environment base is the mountain spring water of Zhenshan Mountain. It is absolutely pollution-free and has clean water. It is in full compliance with the requirements of pollution-free and pollution-free breeding.
3, seedlings of good quality selection of fry fry must be healthy and disease-free, inspection qualified.
4, daily management and strict implementation of water quality control management measures to prevent the entry of pollution water. The correct use of feed and disease prevention and control drugs, all crocodile feeding the live tilapia, cockroach, and clam cultured on this base, prohibiting the use of spoiled fish; the use of “three non-precious†feeds for tilapia, clams, and quail culture at this base is prohibited. Feed additive products. Prevent feed deterioration and expiration; do not use illicit drugs for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
The crocodile breeding base is located in the Zhenshan tourist area of ​​Sihui City, Guangdong Province, covering an area of ​​400 acres. During the implementation of the research project, the crocodile was all fed with self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapias, oysters, quail). Fish ponds are regularly refilled with fresh water. Self-cultivation of feed fish (tilapia, cockroach, clams) is conducted on its own, and feeds are uniformly distributed and managed in a unified manner. The results showed that the commodity crocodile meat is delicious, sweet and brittle. It has been tested to meet the epidemic prevention standards, complies with food hygiene and safety standards, and meets the requirements of international pollution-free foods; and the crocodile grows fast, yields high, and has good economic returns.
First, method
1. The correct site selection The crocodile breeding base is located in the Zhenshan Tourist Area of ​​Sihui City, Guangdong Province. The Zhenshan Tourist Area is the only provincial-level tourism scenic spot. The entire Zhenshan Tourist Area focuses on tourism, sightseeing, and ecological agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by pollution-free vegetables, flowers, and pollution-free aquaculture, and there are no "three wastes" discharged from the plant. The entire area is in good environmental condition, with no industrial pollution, no pesticide pollution, no pollution to life. Adequate water supply, good water quality, fresh air, and no soil pollution. The fish ponds in the crocodile breeding base have fertile soil, environmental hygiene, and fresh air. The new water that is replaced is the mountain spring water of Zhenshan Mountain. It is absolutely pollution-free and has a fresh water quality. It is in full compliance with the requirements of pollution-free and pollution-free breeding.
2. Fish Pond Facilities (1) Alligators are cultured in earth ponds and have a total area of ​​225 mu. Each pond has an area of ​​1-2 mu. The bottom of the pond is flat, the sludge is ≤20CM, and the water depth is 1-1.5 meters. There is a one meter high wall around the fish ponds to prevent crocodile running and outsiders from entering. The ratio of water surface to land area in the wall is approximately 1:1, which is conducive to the growth of crocodiles.
(2) Feed fish (tilapias, cockroaches, cockroaches) are cultured in soil ponds with a total area of ​​165 mu and each pond has an area of ​​8-10 mu. The bottom of the pond is flat, the sludge is ≤ 20 cm, and the water depth is 1.5-2 meters.
3, crocodile species selection The main varieties of crocodile breeding are Siamese crocodile, Nile crocodile, Crocodile.
4. Disinfect ponds and dry ponds in clear ponds and disinfect and adjust water quality before clearing the ponds.
5. The water quality monitoring base has a quality control working group responsible for quality and safety monitoring. In particular, strict control measures are applied to the surrounding environment of the base aquaculture waters. The personnel of the basic geological control team must pay close attention to whether the spraying of pesticides, water sources, or changes in water quality in the surrounding farmland will jeopardize the aquaculture production, and fisheries and environmental protection agencies will actively cooperate with them to identify pollution accidents. Remedial measures should be taken in a timely manner to prevent influencing the base production. We commissioned the Guangdong Fisheries Quality Supervision and Inspection Center to conduct an “evaluation report on the environmental quality of pollution-free agricultural production areas†on the water body of this base and its surrounding environment. The report concluded that the water quality of the breeding water in the base is in line with the “Quality of freshwater aquaculture water for non-environmental foods†( NY5051-2001) requirements.
6, the choice of fry 1 choose healthy, disease-free, self-breeding breeds that have passed the inspection or crocodile seedlings imported from Thailand for stocking. 2 Select healthy and disease-free seedlings such as tilapia, cockroach and quail.
7, stocking density per mu to give body length 30-100 cm (3-10 kg) 200-300 crocodile seedlings, feed fish (tilapia, clams, cockroaches) stocking density as usual, the implementation of catching large stay small.
8. Feeding methods 1 All crocodiles are fed with self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapias, oysters, clams), and fish ponds are regularly refilled with fresh water. The implementation of catching and keeping small, that is, crocodile reached more than 30 kilograms per tail, the capture processing and listing, has not reached the market specifications continue to grading culture.
2 Feeds of tilapia, cockroach and clams are mainly fed with mixed feeds, corn, wheat husks, etc., scientifically fed, and regularly used lime, beneficial microorganisms and water quality improver, equipped with aerators, and pumps for oxygenation and water exchange. The implementation of catching large and small, that is to achieve the feed specifications for the crocodile feed, if not meet the specifications continue to grading culture.
9. Daily management measures The base uses crocodile to feed the self-raised, fresh feed fish (tilapia, alfalfa, and clams), feeds in a unified manner, and manages business operations in a unified manner. We are responsible for the training of the technical staff of the base staff for the health care production of crocodiles, providing technical guidance services, and focusing on key links such as water quality control, seedling purchase, feed use, and disease prevention and drug use. The daily management measures include:
a) Regular monitoring of aquaculture water quality, in which the water quality of the water source is tested once every 10 days. The water quality of the aquaculture pond is tested once every 15 days. The standard of NY5051-2001 is used. The PH value is 7-8.5, the transparency is about 30CM, and the dissolved oxygen is 4MG/ L above. The water quality of this base was sampled and tested at the inlet and pond by the Fisheries Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of Guangdong Province. The 12 items tested included color, smell, taste, total coliform, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, arsenic, and copper. Fluoride, petroleum, 666, dripping, etc., all meet the requirements of “Water Quality of Non-pollution Food Freshwater Aquaculture†(NY5051-2001).
b) The production personnel shall adhere to the “Aquaculture Production Record†and record the species, source and growth of the seed, the source of feed, the status of the feed, and the changes in water quality, etc., and formulate a scientific breeding plan to promote the healthy growth of the cultured objects.
c) Correct use of fish feed, feed additives and aquaculture medications. All crocodile was fed to the live tilapia, cockroach and cockroach farmed on this base. The crocodiles were put in a reasonable and even amount for each growth stage, so that the activities of crocodiles were observed every day, the water quality changes, and the weather conditions were determined flexibly. Feed the amount of feed every day, so that the crocodile eats well, no waste prevails, and it is forbidden to put in spoiled fish meat; the breeding of tilapia, clams and clams at this base is forbidden to use “three non-precious†feed and feed additive products. Prevent feed deterioration and expiration; do not use illicit drugs for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. Disease prevention and control adopts the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control combinedâ€, mainly biological agents, reducing the use of chemical drugs, and comprehensive measures to prevent fish diseases include: 1 Selecting healthy and disease-free, self-reprofessing breeds that have passed inspection or imported from Thailand Crocodile stocks are stocked. 2 Select healthy, disease-free seedlings such as tilapia, cockroach and quail. Fish seedlings are disinfected and sterilized before entering the pool; high-quality feeds are selected; and biological agents such as photosynthetic bacteria and water quality improvers are regularly used to regulate water quality.
At the same time, the constant replacement of fresh water and recycled water is used to continuously replace new water in the alligator ponds to ensure that the water is fresh. At the same time, the old water of the crocodile ponds is discharged to the fish ponds for tilapia, oysters and clams, making full use of them. The culture wastewater of the alligator pond ensures ecological balance and environmental sanitation.
d) Pay attention to the insulation. The winter crocodile is not cold tolerant. When the water temperature drops to 15°C, the activity stops. In cold weather in winter, we covered the crocodile pool with thin film and poured water from the deep wells into the pond to ensure safe wintering of crocodile and other fish. At the same time, we increased the crocodile's livelihood and began eating in the winter to allow it to grow. development.
Second, the results After more than three years of breeding, crocodile and other feed fish (tilapia, cockroaches, cockroaches) are growing well, basically no disease, high yield, good quality, high economic efficiency. At present, all kinds of crocodile farms have reached more than 20,000 breeding grounds. The crocodile harvested in 2004 reached more than 30 tons (more than 1,000 tails, more than 30 kilograms per tail), and the meat is delicious, sweet and brittle, and it is exported to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian and other places are deeply loved by consumers. The crocodile produced by this base was inspected by the Animal Epidemic Prevention Supervision Bureau of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. The animal epidemic prevention conditions were qualified and met the food hygiene and safety standards, and reached the international pollution-free food requirements. At the same time, Guangzhou Import and Export Food Inspection and Research Center has detected that crocodile meat is rich in excellent protein and essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and various trace elements, such as protein 21.28%, calcium 46mg/kg, iron 5mg/kg Zinc 10 mg/kg, vitamin A 532 ug/100 g, vitamin E 1.79 mg/100 g, amino acid analysis 15.2%.
III. Discussion and Analysis In more than three years of breeding, the crocodile grows well, its growth rate is faster than other farms, and its quality is good and its taste is good. The main reason is that we have the biggest and distinctive features: all crocodile cast Feeding self-breeding, fresh feed fish (tilapia, alfalfa, alfalfa) to ensure the quality of feed fish; while other domestic and international crocodile farms purchase feed fish from off-site, it is difficult to avoid problems with feed fish and seriously affects crocodiles Quality and taste, at the same time, we also have 4 good, that is, good feeding sites, good water quality environment, good seed quality, and good day-to-day management. With superior geographical environment, good water quality, healthy and disease-free seedlings, high-quality feed, and strict management measures, the crocodile products cultivated are naturally superior foods with superior quality and taste.
1. Good feeding site The crocodile breeding base is located in Zhenshan Tourism Zone, Sihui City, Guangdong Province. The environment of the area is excellent, and there is no industrial pollution, pesticide pollution and domestic pollution. Adequate water supply, good water quality, fresh air, and no soil pollution. The base was identified as the pollution-free agricultural product base in Guangdong Province by the Marine and Fisheries Bureau of Guangdong Province.
2. The new water with good water quality and environment base is the mountain spring water of Zhenshan Mountain. It is absolutely pollution-free and has clean water. It is in full compliance with the requirements of pollution-free and pollution-free breeding.
3, seedlings of good quality selection of fry fry must be healthy and disease-free, inspection qualified.
4, daily management and strict implementation of water quality control management measures to prevent the entry of pollution water. The correct use of feed and disease prevention and control drugs, all crocodile feeding the live tilapia, cockroach, and clam cultured on this base, prohibiting the use of spoiled fish; the use of “three non-precious†feeds for tilapia, clams, and quail culture at this base is prohibited. Feed additive products. Prevent feed deterioration and expiration; do not use illicit drugs for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
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