Deep plowing and deepening mechanization technology in sugarcane production

Sugar cane is a kind of tropical and subtropical crop, which is a high pole crop with high temperature light, large amount of water, sucking fertilizer and long growing period. More than 70% of the sugarcane area in China is distributed in non-irrigated drylands and hills. Judging from the climate and irrigation conditions in the sugarcane area, seasonal drought is a major constraint for sugarcane production. In addition to the selection of sugarcane varieties that are suitable for drought resistance in these areas, the deepening technology for sugarcane fields is particularly important. It is to obtain sugarcane for high yield and high sugar production. The important way.

First, deep plowing technology

Deep plowing refers to farming with a wall plow. When plowing, the topsoil is turned over and the subsoil is turned upside down to disrupt the soil structure of the tillage layer. Large and medium-sized tractors are used for ploughing with hanging rakes, and the depth of ploughing is 30-40 cm.

1, the role and mechanism of deep ploughing techniques

Deep plowing is a farming technique to deepen the plow layer, loosen the soil, increase the porosity in the soil to enhance the infiltration speed and quantity of rainwater, avoid surface runoff, break the plow bottom layer, ripen the soil, and create a deep tillage layer. Can promote the development of sugar cane production.

2, technical requirements

The suitable tillage condition is soil moisture content of 15%-22%; deep tillage depth is generally 30-40cm, and the depth is the same; the tillage and backlogging rate is less than 3%; the tillage is the same to avoid recultivation and ploughing; deep tillage time should generally be It is carried out before the start of the rainy season in order to fully receive rainwater.

3, work equipment

Deep plowing uses a wall plough to plow. At present, the commonly used machines include: 1LD-440 type four-plow plow, 12F-125 type plow, 1L-330 type county hanging three plow, 1LS-245 hanging deep plowing three plow and so on.

4, economic analysis

The results of comparative experiments show that the deep plowing depth of the cane machinery is 35cm on average, and the average depth of the human and animal power plowing is 17cm. The machine-cultivation yield is 37% higher than that of the human and animal husbandry, and the absolute value of the sugar is increased by 1.29%.

5, deep plowing matters

(1) The deep plowing operation should be carried out immediately after the harvesting of the previous crop, according to the soil moisture status, because the cultivated land can promptly turn the ground's wreckage and residual grass into the soil and rot, reduce the future pest and weed breeding, and also have more More opportunities to accept precipitation and promote soil maturation, especially when it comes to drying, it is more important to strive for early farming.

(2) Deep plowing is a heavy-duty operation, generally with large and medium-sized tractors and supporting equipment. Deep plowing should be based on local conditions. According to the local soil depth, it is not allowed to turn raw soil into plow layer.

(3) The deep plowing cycle can be carried out according to the sugarcane production cycle. In the south, it is generally a year of new planting, two years of perennial rooting, and three years of deep plowing is appropriate.

(4) Deep plowing should be supplemented with organic fertilizer. Due to the deep plowing soil layer, lack of soil nutrients, combined with the application of organic fertilizer, it can promote the activity of soil microbes and accelerate the recovery of soil fertility.

Second, deep loose technology

Deep-slug refers to farming with a wallless plough that does not move the soil during cultivation. Shen Song is carried out on the basis of shallow ploughing. Large and medium-sized tractors are used to support subsoilers for deep loosening operations. The depth of deep boring requires 30-50 cm.

1, the role and mechanism of deep loose technology

Deeply breaking the plow bottom layer, allowing rainwater to infiltrate the deep soil and increase soil water storage capacity, it is a new farming technology that does not turn the soil layer, does not destroy the surface vegetation, and reduces the evaporation loss of soil moisture. There are two kinds of deep loose and partial deep loose. Comprehensive deep loosening is done with a deep loosening machine to fully loosen the work width, while local deep loosening is a partial deep loosening of the rod tooth and chisel spade for spacing.

2, technical requirements

The deep depth of the sugarcane is 30-50cm deep, and the deep loose is 40-70cm; the depth of the deep pine is 25-30cm; the suitable soil condition is the soil moisture content 13%-22%; the deep loosening time is required before the seeding; Subsoil should be applied in subsoiling operations to fertilize fertility.

3, deep loose work tools generally used

1KL-3 type, 1SQ-240 type all-round deep loosening machine, 1SQ-340 type deep loosening machine, 1SQ-335 type deep loosening machine, etc.

4, economic analysis

The results of comparative tests show that the depth of the cane is fully deep and 30-40cm. Human and animal husbandry force 15-20cm, machinery and human and animal husbandry work increased by 23.4% compared to the increase in the absolute value of sugar 0.29%.

5, matters needing attention

Shallow soil, low soil fertility cane land, deep loose should be lighter, the key is to increase fertilizing materials, improve soil fertility; soil loose sand loam, gravel, etc. should not be deep plowing; deep relaxation cycle should be every 2-3 Deep loose once a year.

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