China Fisheries Net News nude cheekfish, also known as whitefish. It is a general term for the genus Euonymus, which belongs to the genus Euonymus, and belongs to the genus Acridoidea, which is mainly distributed in the central and western Pacific Ocean. It is produced in the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea, and it has a higher yield in Hainan Province. many. The meat is white and tender, rich in nutrition, and delicious in meat. It is suitable for all kinds of food, especially steamed. The current market price is 45 yuan / kg to 50 yuan / kg, has become one of the other new varieties of marine cage fish. The technical points of the bare-buzz buoy rope cage culture are summarized as follows:
Biological characteristics 1. Morphological characteristics Nude buccal carcass is long oval, lateral flat, under natural conditions generally body length 15 cm to 40 cm, weight 150 grams to 400 grams, body back narrow, ventral obtuse. Kiss long, more pointed. The upper and lower jaws have conical canine teeth at the front end, and have serpentine teeth at the posterior end. The head is only covered with scales and the rest is exposed. One dorsal fin, strong spines, and parts of the fin spines can be folded in the back shallow groove. The pectoral fins are low, quite sickle-shaped, and the caudal fins are forked. Body covered with a large scale. The body color varies according to the type, and the more common ones are the naked spot cheeks and the red cheeks. The star-spotted cheek-yellow grass is yellow-grained, with a pale, abdomen on the abdomen, and blue-spotted speckles on the sides of the body. The fins of the red fins are pale gray with a darker back and a whiter belly. The edge of the lid is red, except for the tail fins, which are light red, and the dorsal fins are deep.
2. Adaptability to the environment The cheek beak is a warm-water fish with a suitable temperature range of 15°C to 40°C, and an optimum temperature of 25°C to 35°C. It is difficult to survive below 10°C. Bare puffer fish are seawater fish, and the suitable salinity ranges from 20 ‰ to 35 ‰.
3. Feeding and growth Bare clams mainly feed on benthic crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, small fish, and shrimps and crabs. In artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed can also be fed.
The growth rate of naked cheek beetles is relatively fast. Under the condition of artificial breeding, it usually takes about 1 year to reach a commercial specification of 0.5 kg per article.
4. Breeding habits The wild fish are generally mature at age 4 and spawn at the age of 2 in the rearing condition. All ages reach sexual maturity. The broodstock's fecundity was related to age and weight. The average number of eggs was 100 capsules and 104 tablets. The highest number was 300 tablets and 104 tablets, while the lower one was only 50 tablets and 104 tablets. The body color of the female fish before the spawning begins to become bright red and beautiful; the male fish forms star spots on both sides of the head and body. Spawning grounds are generally at depths of 4 to 10 meters and the eggs are buoyant.
Floating rope cage culture technology points:
1. The aquaculture sea area should be selected for the aquaculture sea area with relatively small winds, smooth water flow, sufficient exchange of water bodies, no impact from fresh water and pollution sources in Hong Kong, fresh water, relatively stable water quality environment, sandy sediment, water depth of 10 to 15 meters. (refers to the depth of water after ebb). Water quality requirements are: salinity of 30% to 35%, water temperature 18 °C ~ 32 °C, pH 7 ~ 9, transparency 8 meters ~ 15 meters, dissolved oxygen in the 5 mg / liter or more.
2. There are two main ways to choose seedlings for seedlings: one is to catch seedlings in the sea. The spring catches about 2.5 cm to 4.0 cm in the sea. Sea catching and catching and transfer operations, the fish body will usually have different degrees of damage, in order to improve the survival rate of culture, can be the first intermediate holding; two artificial breeding seedlings. Artificial seedlings require neat specifications, a total length of 5 cm or more, uniform body color, body color similar to natural fish body color is better.
3. After the fish release, the floating rope cage (typically 6m 6m 6m) is installed and fixed in the selected sea area, and the fish species will be released in the morning when the storm is small. Stocking densities should be based on the quality of the water quality of the sea area environmental conditions, aquaculture technology, the level of daily management, food sources, the size of the naked cheeks, and the output / container requirements and other conditions.
Daily feeding management
1. Feeds for bait feeding can be low-value fish or artificial feed. Feeding of bait is started on the second day after the fish species are released. The specific operation method is: In the initial stage of feeding, slow-casting should be used for the purpose of attracting fish to feed; when most fish catch food, they are changed to When the vast majority of fish sank to the bottom of the tank, they resumed the amount of slow-moving, so that they could feed on the weak fish. Under normal circumstances, 8 to 9 am, 5 to 6 o'clock each feeding 1, the daily amount of bait is about 10% of fish weight.
2. Regular measurement of water temperature, salinity, and inspection of fish growth The determination of the hydration factors in the aquaculture environment aims to keep abreast of changes in water quality. The body length and body weight of naked cheek beetles were sampled and measured every 20 days to 30 days. The growth rate and regularity of the cheek beak were grasped, and the feed amount of the bait was easily adjusted. At the same time, it was checked whether there was any disease in the naked cheeks.
3. Cleaning and replacement of cages Net cage systems that have been immersed in seawater for a certain period of time will more or less attach barnacles, oysters and other shellfish and various algae, which, to a certain extent, impedes the flow of water and water bodies. Exchange, thereby affecting the growth of naked cheeks and increasing the sinking force of the cage system. Therefore, in the daily management work, it is necessary to clean and replace cages according to the number of attachments to the cage system. The number of cleaning and replacement cages should be based on the actual conditions of the cage system attachments. Under normal circumstances, from the time the fish is raised to the sale of commercial fish, the cages should be cleaned and replaced about 5 times.
4. Box-feeding tends to occur in the same process as the growth rate of the cheek beak of the same box during the aquaculture process, resulting in different sizes and sizes, resulting in the occurrence of the phenomenon that the big ones are full, and the smaller ones are hungry, especially when the feeding amount is insufficient. This phenomenon will be more serious. Therefore, it should be regularly sorted by different specifications.
5. Disease prevention measures In recent years, with the continuous deterioration of the breeding environment, the occurrence of diseases has become increasingly frequent, and the disease prevention and control work is very important in the entire farming process. The quality of disease prevention and control directly affects the success or failure of breeding. Net cages have a high density of fish and a higher incidence of diseases. We must adhere to the principle of disease-free early prevention and do a good job in preventing diseases.
In addition to cleaning and replacing cages in a timely manner, special attention should be paid to the observation of swimming and feeding conditions of fish schools. Once diseased fish are found, they should be treated in a timely manner, and dead fish should be treated in a harmless manner (such as deep burial). Do not throw it out of the cage at will to spread the disease and cause greater harm.
Adhere to scientific feeding methods to achieve qualitative, timed, and quantitative feeding. If necessary, regular “free baths†should be given to nude cheeks or soaked with antibacterial drugs, and appropriate amounts of antibacterial drugs should be added to foods. Feed or immunize to reduce fish disease.
In addition, attention should be paid to the situation in the sea area. When abnormalities such as the color and odor of seawater (referred to as pollution or "red tide") are found, the cage is immediately moved to the clean sea area.
6. To do a good job in day-to-day management, a combination of water surface and underwater (dive) observations should be used to check the attachment of the cage system, whether the cage is damaged or not, whether the various cables are worn or not, and whether the cage system is fixed. Hard and so on, found that the problem to take appropriate measures to deal with in a timely manner, take preventive measures.
In addition, special personnel should be assigned to listen to the weather forecast, and all defense work should be done before the storm hits, with particular attention to the increase in anchorage. If the wind is extremely large (wind power level 10 or higher), it is best to use a power boat to drag the entire cage system to the inner bay or wind-sheltered area to raise it before the storm to avoid a positive typhoon attack and wait until the calm Pull the cage back to the original culture area.
Biological characteristics 1. Morphological characteristics Nude buccal carcass is long oval, lateral flat, under natural conditions generally body length 15 cm to 40 cm, weight 150 grams to 400 grams, body back narrow, ventral obtuse. Kiss long, more pointed. The upper and lower jaws have conical canine teeth at the front end, and have serpentine teeth at the posterior end. The head is only covered with scales and the rest is exposed. One dorsal fin, strong spines, and parts of the fin spines can be folded in the back shallow groove. The pectoral fins are low, quite sickle-shaped, and the caudal fins are forked. Body covered with a large scale. The body color varies according to the type, and the more common ones are the naked spot cheeks and the red cheeks. The star-spotted cheek-yellow grass is yellow-grained, with a pale, abdomen on the abdomen, and blue-spotted speckles on the sides of the body. The fins of the red fins are pale gray with a darker back and a whiter belly. The edge of the lid is red, except for the tail fins, which are light red, and the dorsal fins are deep.
2. Adaptability to the environment The cheek beak is a warm-water fish with a suitable temperature range of 15°C to 40°C, and an optimum temperature of 25°C to 35°C. It is difficult to survive below 10°C. Bare puffer fish are seawater fish, and the suitable salinity ranges from 20 ‰ to 35 ‰.
3. Feeding and growth Bare clams mainly feed on benthic crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, small fish, and shrimps and crabs. In artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed can also be fed.
The growth rate of naked cheek beetles is relatively fast. Under the condition of artificial breeding, it usually takes about 1 year to reach a commercial specification of 0.5 kg per article.
4. Breeding habits The wild fish are generally mature at age 4 and spawn at the age of 2 in the rearing condition. All ages reach sexual maturity. The broodstock's fecundity was related to age and weight. The average number of eggs was 100 capsules and 104 tablets. The highest number was 300 tablets and 104 tablets, while the lower one was only 50 tablets and 104 tablets. The body color of the female fish before the spawning begins to become bright red and beautiful; the male fish forms star spots on both sides of the head and body. Spawning grounds are generally at depths of 4 to 10 meters and the eggs are buoyant.
Floating rope cage culture technology points:
1. The aquaculture sea area should be selected for the aquaculture sea area with relatively small winds, smooth water flow, sufficient exchange of water bodies, no impact from fresh water and pollution sources in Hong Kong, fresh water, relatively stable water quality environment, sandy sediment, water depth of 10 to 15 meters. (refers to the depth of water after ebb). Water quality requirements are: salinity of 30% to 35%, water temperature 18 °C ~ 32 °C, pH 7 ~ 9, transparency 8 meters ~ 15 meters, dissolved oxygen in the 5 mg / liter or more.
2. There are two main ways to choose seedlings for seedlings: one is to catch seedlings in the sea. The spring catches about 2.5 cm to 4.0 cm in the sea. Sea catching and catching and transfer operations, the fish body will usually have different degrees of damage, in order to improve the survival rate of culture, can be the first intermediate holding; two artificial breeding seedlings. Artificial seedlings require neat specifications, a total length of 5 cm or more, uniform body color, body color similar to natural fish body color is better.
3. After the fish release, the floating rope cage (typically 6m 6m 6m) is installed and fixed in the selected sea area, and the fish species will be released in the morning when the storm is small. Stocking densities should be based on the quality of the water quality of the sea area environmental conditions, aquaculture technology, the level of daily management, food sources, the size of the naked cheeks, and the output / container requirements and other conditions.
Daily feeding management
1. Feeds for bait feeding can be low-value fish or artificial feed. Feeding of bait is started on the second day after the fish species are released. The specific operation method is: In the initial stage of feeding, slow-casting should be used for the purpose of attracting fish to feed; when most fish catch food, they are changed to When the vast majority of fish sank to the bottom of the tank, they resumed the amount of slow-moving, so that they could feed on the weak fish. Under normal circumstances, 8 to 9 am, 5 to 6 o'clock each feeding 1, the daily amount of bait is about 10% of fish weight.
2. Regular measurement of water temperature, salinity, and inspection of fish growth The determination of the hydration factors in the aquaculture environment aims to keep abreast of changes in water quality. The body length and body weight of naked cheek beetles were sampled and measured every 20 days to 30 days. The growth rate and regularity of the cheek beak were grasped, and the feed amount of the bait was easily adjusted. At the same time, it was checked whether there was any disease in the naked cheeks.
3. Cleaning and replacement of cages Net cage systems that have been immersed in seawater for a certain period of time will more or less attach barnacles, oysters and other shellfish and various algae, which, to a certain extent, impedes the flow of water and water bodies. Exchange, thereby affecting the growth of naked cheeks and increasing the sinking force of the cage system. Therefore, in the daily management work, it is necessary to clean and replace cages according to the number of attachments to the cage system. The number of cleaning and replacement cages should be based on the actual conditions of the cage system attachments. Under normal circumstances, from the time the fish is raised to the sale of commercial fish, the cages should be cleaned and replaced about 5 times.
4. Box-feeding tends to occur in the same process as the growth rate of the cheek beak of the same box during the aquaculture process, resulting in different sizes and sizes, resulting in the occurrence of the phenomenon that the big ones are full, and the smaller ones are hungry, especially when the feeding amount is insufficient. This phenomenon will be more serious. Therefore, it should be regularly sorted by different specifications.
5. Disease prevention measures In recent years, with the continuous deterioration of the breeding environment, the occurrence of diseases has become increasingly frequent, and the disease prevention and control work is very important in the entire farming process. The quality of disease prevention and control directly affects the success or failure of breeding. Net cages have a high density of fish and a higher incidence of diseases. We must adhere to the principle of disease-free early prevention and do a good job in preventing diseases.
In addition to cleaning and replacing cages in a timely manner, special attention should be paid to the observation of swimming and feeding conditions of fish schools. Once diseased fish are found, they should be treated in a timely manner, and dead fish should be treated in a harmless manner (such as deep burial). Do not throw it out of the cage at will to spread the disease and cause greater harm.
Adhere to scientific feeding methods to achieve qualitative, timed, and quantitative feeding. If necessary, regular “free baths†should be given to nude cheeks or soaked with antibacterial drugs, and appropriate amounts of antibacterial drugs should be added to foods. Feed or immunize to reduce fish disease.
In addition, attention should be paid to the situation in the sea area. When abnormalities such as the color and odor of seawater (referred to as pollution or "red tide") are found, the cage is immediately moved to the clean sea area.
6. To do a good job in day-to-day management, a combination of water surface and underwater (dive) observations should be used to check the attachment of the cage system, whether the cage is damaged or not, whether the various cables are worn or not, and whether the cage system is fixed. Hard and so on, found that the problem to take appropriate measures to deal with in a timely manner, take preventive measures.
In addition, special personnel should be assigned to listen to the weather forecast, and all defense work should be done before the storm hits, with particular attention to the increase in anchorage. If the wind is extremely large (wind power level 10 or higher), it is best to use a power boat to drag the entire cage system to the inner bay or wind-sheltered area to raise it before the storm to avoid a positive typhoon attack and wait until the calm Pull the cage back to the original culture area.
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