Raising the utilization rate of breeding sows can extend the production life of sows and improve the life performance of sows. This helps reduce the cost of breeding pigs allocated to each commercial pig and increases production efficiency. Pig producers should determine when sows are culled and where the majority of deaths occur. The management measures for phase-out and death time should be reviewed and improved in order to reduce the proportion of culling and death. To increase the retention rate of breeding sows, producers must know what conditions may cause the sows to be eliminated.
Under typical conditions, sows are eliminated approximately 60 days after childbirth, with the highest mortality rate occurring between 14 and 55 days postpartum. Elimination at 60 days post-partum usually indicates that the sow has returned to estrus after weaning and has been restocked. For other reasons, it may cause death from 14 to 55 days after childbirth. Farms should examine the management of the pregnancy and delivery stages in order to improve sow comfort and reduce the risk of post-partum death.
The status of the sow should be monitored so that the sow is neither fat nor thin at the time of delivery. In summer, sows should be provided with cooling facilities when necessary, and in winter, the temperature should be optimized to the extent that the sow is comfortable. The childbirth care measures should also be reviewed to ensure that the sow delivery process is properly cared for. Poor sow status at weaning and improper postnatal health care practices may cause sows to die 55 days after birth. If this happens, health procedures and feeding measures need to be reviewed in order to improve the welfare of the sow at weaning and after weaning.
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