Rice is one of the main food crops in our country. The average yield of rice is 528.57 kilograms, and the total output is 520 million kilograms, which is 37.37% of the state's grain output. Rice crops have the largest area in our state, the highest yields, and the highest total output of food crops. Rice production plays a decisive role in the production of grain in our country. There are 1 million mu of rice planted in Dali every year. In the early 1990s, techniques such as rice planting and planting for rice cultivation and widening and narrowing were used for artificial agronomic cultivation of rice. They all received good results and promoted the yield and economic benefits of rice in Quanzhou. Greatly improved. However, for thousands of years, rice cultivation in Quanzhou has remained at the original level of artificial sowing and artificial planting, which is laborious and laborious, and is extremely incompatible with the high cost of artificially planted rice. Demonstration and promotion of rice mechanized planting and technical nursery supporting operations, reduce manpower and capital investment, reduce production costs, improve labor efficiency and economic efficiency is imminent. To ensure the success of mechanized rice transplanting, we must grasp the following three key links:
First, choose a transplanter operating field block
Over the years, due to the restriction of the land contract responsibility system, the fields for agricultural cultivation in the dam area have been demarcated. The total area of ​​the rice fields in the mountainous area is small, mostly between two mountains or river valleys, and the curvature of the fields is irregularly affected. Differently restricting the development of mechanical rice transplanting, therefore, the paddy fields with relatively large area, regularity, and flat terrain are selected, and the fields that are conducive to the operation of the rice transplanter are appropriately well-arranged.
Second, do a good job of plastic floppy disk technology breeding measures
The rice transplanter should transplant rice. It is necessary to adopt appropriate floppy disk breeding techniques, seedling density, height, soil thickness, root system consolidation, and other suitable techniques for transplanting rice seedlings. This is the most crucial technical link for determining the success of transplanting rice seedlings. Machine-planting seedlings require individuals to be robust, each seedling is of the same height and shape, and the individual plants on the plate are evenly distributed, the overall balance is balanced, the roots are densely knotted, and the thickness of the floppy soil is the same (2.5 to 3 cm is appropriate). The roots must be tightly knotted. Seedlings with seedlings, seedlings from the floppy disk sprouting seedlings are not scattered, transplanting disk constantly. Our state is a plateau region with relatively low temperatures. The average seedling age is 25-30 days, 3-4 leaves, and seedlings are 18-20 cm tall. The specific steps of floppy disk breeding technology are as follows
1. Each mu of paddy fields needs to be prepared with a trampoline area of ​​3.6 square meters, a seedbed width of 1.4 meters, a furrow width of 0.3 meters, and a depth of 15 to 20 centimeters. The outer surface of Dianchi Lake is 15 to 20 centimeters higher than Dianchi Lake, and the length of the seedbed is set. Open a good level of water, the board should meet the "real, flat, light, straight" requirements. The ratio of Miaotian and Datian should be 1:80 to 1:100. Seedbed should be selected as a boring bed with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient light, fertile soil, and convenient transportation. 10 kg of fermented farmhouse fertilizer is applied per square meter in the bed, and the squeezing level is solid, and a layer of grass ash or rice husk is sprinkled.
2, bed soil usage per acre field preparation 100 kg fine soil fertilization bed soil, nutrient soil into the right amount of acid and 0.5 kg compound fertilizer surface. 25 kg of uncultivated fine soil is used as cover seed soil.
3, according to the specifications of the floppy disk to do a good job, after the ostrich plate, the plate is covered with 1.5 cm thick nutritious soil, flattened, sprayed water.
Third, breeding good seeds
1, species selection and use of species
According to different estuaries, variety characteristics and safety heading period, select high-quality, high-yield and stable large-spike varieties suitable for local mechanized planting. General japonica rice varieties, floppy disk seedlings per acre field should be prepared with 3.5 to 4 kg of seed rice, hybrid rice, japonica 1.5 to 1.7 kg.
2, seed processing
Seed soaking 3 to 4 days before sowing, soaking method: soaking with 25% Prochloraz 2000 times for 48 to 72 hours. The seeds germinate after sucking enough water. The standard for sucking moisture is: transparent husk, visible white belly and embryo, rice grains are easily broken without sound. The requirement of germination is "fast, uniform, uniform, and strong." When the seeds are broken at high temperature, the temperature of seed piles should not exceed 38°C, and the temperature inside and outside is the same. If necessary, the mixture should be mixed to make the rice seeds evenly heated. After the rupture of the chest, the temperature was lowered to 25-30°C for proper temperature and germination. The germination standard was: the rate of whitening the exposed chest was 90%. After germination, cool the place and dry the buds for 4-6 hours to prepare for sowing. Seed before seedlings need to be seeded after drying, seed sowing, cleaning and germination, mechanical seedling transplanting seed germination to "broken chest exposed white" can be, but the bud length up to no more than 2 mm.
3, precision seeding
General conventional rice in each wet sowing seed burst chest seeds 120 to 150 grams, 80 to 100 grams of hybrid rice. Must have a higher density, to ensure that no leakage plug, basically to reach 3 seeds per square centimeter seeding requirements are accurate, uniform, not heavy.
4, spread the earth cover film
After the seeds are sown, the thickness of the cover soil is preferably about 0.3 to 0.5 cm. After covering the soil, put orange stalks or fine bamboo ridges as supports on the surface of the bed at equal distances and cover the mulch.
5, after sowing with a wooden trowel pressure seeds, to ensure that the emergence of neat and consistent, cover soil 0.5? 1 cm thick, spray penetrating herbicide herbicide.
6. The management of temperature, moisture, etc. in the mulching film and seedling stage is equivalent to that of dry seedlings. Note that floppy disk breeding is easy to drought, spray water when drought occurs, after the Qimiao began to gradually ventilation hardening seedlings.
2 to 3 days before transplanting, a water-permeated and then drained water is used to control the moisture to consolidate the seedlings, promote the packing of the seedlings, and increase the pulling force of the block, which facilitates the rolling and machine insertion.
7, cut off milk fat
The application of “weaning†fertilizers should be based on specific conditions such as soil fertility, age, and weather characteristics. Usually in one leaf and one heart period, each seedling bed with strong agent 1 kg watered 100 kg or urea 5 kg watered 500 kg in the evening pouring or sprinkle facilities, if the fertile bed soil may be exempt.
8, suitable for delivery of fertilizer
3 to 4 days before transplanting, the seedlings were grown and used as “fertility†fertilizers. Per acre seedbed with urea 4 ~ 5 kg watered 500 kg, sprinkled in the evening, if the seedling leaves dark green color, leaves can be applied under the shed. Note that when the control machine is transplanted, the water content of the disc soil should not exceed 40%. Check whether the seedlings have diseases such as standing and withering and blue and dry, and if they are found to be concentrated on the seedbeds.
Fourth, choose a good transplanting machine and skilled operation technology
The area of ​​farmland for planting food crops in our state is relatively small. We should choose a transplanter that is flexible, lightweight, advanced, high-quality, and high-efficiency. For example, the current Kubota SPW-48C type and pf-455s type 4-line gasoline walking stepper type (Two lines) 4.3 horsepower transplanter is more appropriate. When field transplanting, the field is flat and free from weeds. After applying the base fertilizer, the operation of the shallow water layer shall be maintained. The water layer shall not exceed 2 cm deep. Using a rice transplanter for transplanting each hand-held four-row rice transplanter can replace 30 people, mu saves costs 100-200 yuan. Choosing a good driver is also very important, which is the basis for guaranteeing the quality of machine insertion. The skilled operator can master the operation technology and greatly improve the efficiency of machine insertion. Novices should normally practice and practice the machine plug-in operation before the transplanting. Generally every machine can insert about 10-16 acres per day, each machine can be inserted 200? 300 acres per quarter.
As long as we have mastered the four key links of machine transplanting, we will lay the foundation for the promotion of mechanized transplanting technology in the future.
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