Microbial fertilizer referred to as bacterial fertilizer is a product that contains a large number of microorganisms, has a strong ability to degrade and transform soil minerals and organic matter, and improves nutrient availability. Pollution-free vegetables refer to various harmful substances in vegetable products, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and nitrates, which meet the national health and safety standards. Among them, nitrate content is closely related to the rational use of fertilizers. Microbial fertilizers can be quickly degraded in the environment, without any adverse impact on the environment, used in vegetable crops, not only can significantly increase production, but also can gradually eliminate fertilizer pollution, reduce nitrate content, improve the safety of vegetables, for pollution-free Vegetable production creates conditions.
First, the main varieties of microbial fertilizer
According to the difference in the improvement of plant nutrient elements, the main application of microbial fertilizers can be divided into rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer. They are inoculants of various formulations of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria that have been artificially cultivated. Rhizobium and Azotobacter can carry out biological nitrogen fixation in the process of growth and reproduction to provide nitrogen nutrition for plants; Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-releasing bacteria can decompose the insoluble phosphate, potassium and other mineral nutrients in soil and increase the efficiency of phosphorus and potassium. Sex. Compound bacteria fertilizer is made of two or more compound bacteria consisting of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-releasing bacteria. Usually, it is used together with organic fertilizer or nitrogen-carbon organic waste in industrial and agricultural production. Inoculated with the compound into a bio-organic compound fertilizer.
Second, the role of microbial fertilizer in the production of pollution-free vegetables
1. Reduce nitrate content in vegetable products
Vegetables are prone to nitrate enrichment, and the imbalance in nutrients in vegetable crops is an inherent cause of nitrate accumulation. When the soil supply nutrient balance, the speed of nitrate reduction in the vegetable crops organically coordinated with the speed of nitrogen absorption, the nitrate in the product will not be excessive accumulation. Microbial fertilizers mainly rely on microbial metabolic activities to exert their effects. Only the long-term properties of organic fertilizers and the fast-acting properties of chemical fertilizers provide a steady and comprehensive supply of nutrients to vegetable crops. Since nitrogen nutrition is derived from biological nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen fixation activity is regulated by the physiological habits of plants for nitrogen nutrition, as long as the vegetable crops continuously require nitrogen nutrition, based on the nitrogen fixation conditions required by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, nitrogen nutrition Will be guaranteed. Phosphorus, potassium, and other elements are gradually absorbed by vegetable crops as a result of the gradual and slow decomposition of insoluble phosphorus and potassium by microorganisms. Reasonable application of microbial fertilizers will help improve the nutrient efficiency of nutrients in soil, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, and reduce the nitrate content in vegetable products. Under the action of microorganisms, the nutrients needed to produce and decompose vegetable crops can supply nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and can supply crops such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, and silicon. More than ten kinds of trace elements, and the release of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are regulated by microorganisms and can satisfactorily meet the balance requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements in vegetable crops.
2. Suppress disease, reduce pesticide residues
The addition of microbial fertilizers can not only release the delayed nutrients in the soil for the use of vegetable crops, but also reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases to a certain extent, reduce the number of pest control and reduce pesticide residues. On the one hand, it can change the microbial flora of the soil cultivation layer, form dominant colonies around the roots of the vegetable crops, strongly inhibit the proliferation of pathogens, so that the diseases do not occur; on the other hand, microorganisms produce hormones, humic acids and antibiotics during their life activities. Substances can stimulate the growth of crops and inhibit the occurrence of diseases. The addition of microbial fertilizers can solve the problem of replanting vegetable crops such as eggplants and watermelons.
3. Fertilize soil, improve soil
The continuous application of microbial fertilizers, especially bio-organic compound fertilizers, can achieve the combined effect of land-use and land-use, increase the content of soil organic matter year by year, improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics, and significantly increase the comprehensiveness of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil. The longer it takes, the longer the fertility, and the more production, the more sustainable the virtuous cycle. It not only enhances the soil strength, but also fundamentally solves the hazard of chemical fertilizers to the soil.
Third, the rational use of microbial fertilizer
The live bacteria contained in the microbial fertilizer can only function after entering the soil, and there are certain carbon and nitrogen requirements for growth and reproduction. Therefore, microbial fertilizers should promote early application. After application, the soil should be kept moist. In organic soils with high soil quality, or with organic fertilizers, the best results can be obtained.
Except for a small amount of microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, most microorganisms cannot bring in foreign nutrients into the soil. For example, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can only absorb phosphorus and potassium from the transformed soil itself. Therefore, only the combined application of organic, inorganic and biological fertilizers can give full play to the efficacy of biological fertilizers. In soils with high soil fertility, the application amount of biological fertilizers can be appropriately increased, and the application amount of inorganic fertilizers, especially chemical nitrogen fertilizers, can be reduced.
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