June 21 is the "summer solstice". At this time, the sun is almost directly above the Tropic of Cancer (at 2326' north latitude) and the highest sun is at noon. The summer solstice is the longest day in the northern hemisphere and the shortest day in the night. After the summer solstice, temperatures in most parts of China are relatively high, sunshine is sufficient, crops grow vigorously, and water demand and fertilizer are all more. At this time, farmland weeds grow quickly, and they compete with the crops to fight for water and sunlight, and the farmer said: “The summer solstice does not gnaw the roots and grasses, as if it were a bite of poisonous snakes,†indicating that we must step up the cultivator. At the same time, the summer solstice is also an important period for a variety of spring sowing crops.
Early rice is in the period before and after heading. The paddy field has already finished the drying stage. It is required that the soil moisture is moist to facilitate flowering and grouting, which not only satisfies the need of water for fruiting in rice, but also makes the soil breathable and ensures the vitality of the root system so that soil nutrients can be efficiently absorbed and utilized. In the summer solstice, fertilization is just south of the Huaihe River. It is the early rice harvesting period. It takes 30 to 40 days from the heading to maturity to complete the fertility insemination and grouting. Nutrition supply status at this stage directly affects the grain number and grain weight per ear of early rice, and it is the critical period for the final determination of yield formation. The grain weight of rice is composed of two parts: “grain size†and “fullnessâ€. The degree of filling depends on the synthesis and transportation of grouting materials during this period, and the post-nutrition management is strengthened. The key moment. The grain filling of rice is the continuous transportation of photosynthetic products from stems and leaves to grains. The peak of grain filling occurs 15 to 20 days after flowering. On the 25th to 45th day after flowering, the dry weight of rice grains reaches a maximum value and matures.
Usually, the growth period of early rice varieties is characterized by the overlapping of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in some periods, which is characterized by the growth of ear before jointing, early differentiation of young ear, simple vegetative growth period, and early reproductive growth period. The traditional fertilization model had previously been promoted, focusing only on basement fertilizers. In fact, the nutritional status of late rice plants is important because they do not show premature aging. Maintaining individual robustness provides the possibility of grain size and grain weight and facilitates high yields. Rice leaves are the main organs for photosynthesis, and photosynthetic activity in the leaves of different parts of the later rice plants has the highest ability to spread leaves. After the heading, the 2nd to 3rd leaves are mainly supplied with grains. At this time, fertilization can maintain high nutrition levels in the upper functional leaves of rice plants, ensure that they maintain a strong photosynthetic capacity, and also promote timely nutrition for weak flowers, prevent premature aging, extend grouting, increase seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.
At this time, topdressing mainly takes into account the characteristics of early rice to nitrogen and potassium nutrients. Compared with late rice, early rice requires less nitrogen and more potassium. Therefore, topdressing should be combined with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and it is very important to add potassium later. Suggestion: The proportion of potassium fertilizer in early rice should be the proportion of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer; the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer distribution is one-third or one-fourth of the amount, which is equivalent to 4 kg/mu of pure nitrogen.
In short, we must pay attention to seedling fertilization. For those rice fields that have experienced chlorosis of leaf color during the jointing stage, appropriate topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer at the later stage can increase the seed setting rate, promote grain size and grain filling, and increase yield; however, the period and amount of topdressing should be appropriate. If too late, it will lead to late-maturing lust or rice blast.
Author: Sinochem fertilizer Senior Consultant, China Agricultural University, Professor Cao Yiping
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