Variety Selection Papaya varieties suitable for planting in the northern greenhouse include Hung Hom, Tai Nong No. 1, Tai Nong No. 2, Hawaii and Hongri. Among them, Hongri and Hawaii are small fruit varieties with an average fruit weight of 500-600 grams, and the other three varieties are larger.
Planting conditions Papaya is an erect growing fruit tree, requiring a greenhouse height of not less than 3 meters. Papaya hi light, lack of light easily lead to plant leggy, falling fruit, Beijing suburbs sunlight greenhouses can basically meet the requirements of papaya lighting, but modern multi-span greenhouses need to choose a higher transmittance of the ceiling.
The cultivation techniques first dig a planting hole, and then prepare and backfill the nutritious soil. The planting hole is 80 cm in diameter and 40 cm deep. The nutrient soil can be formulated according to the ratio of peat:organic fertilizer:sand:top soil=2:1:1:6. The nutrient soil backfilled with the good planting hole is 20 cm above the ground and is fully irrigated and is ready for planting.
Transplanting seedlings in the Beijing area - generally in the middle and late April. Choose healthy and disease-free seedlings. When planting, seedlings with soil will be gently put into the hole, compacted with soil, and water shall be poured on the roots. Plant spacing 2 meters, row spacing 2 to 3 meters, fertility of the soil spacing can be appropriately wider.
Water and Fertilizer Management Papaya starts 10 to 15 days after planting. It is best to apply decomposed manure and apply once every 7 days for 2 consecutive times. NPK can be used later (15:15:15) compound fertilizer and urea alternately applied every 15 to 20 days topdressing 1 time, each time per plant 50 ~ l00 grams, according to the seedling size control the amount. After budding, it is necessary to spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boric acid.
Flower and fruit management Early removal of lateral buds, timely sparse pollination, incomplete shape, pests and diseases and over-tight fruiting, must be carried out on a sunny day.
Temperature control Papaya growth temperature is 26 °C ~ 32 °C, the minimum temperature in winter can not be less than 15 °C, the maximum temperature in summer can not be higher than 38 °C, the northern greenhouse in winter need to warm, from April to September is fully exposed natural growth .
Humidity management Papaya grows to a suitable air humidity of 60% to 70%. In the winter, it is necessary to ventilate and dehumidify; in the summer, the humidity of the air can be increased by increasing the humidity on the ground or spraying.
The main pests for pest control were Starscream, which peaked from August to November. It was found that in the early stage of spider mites, water sprayed 3 to 4 times, reducing the population of insects, using colloidal sulfur suspension 250 times at the peak, and every other time during the larval incubation period. 5 to 7 days spray 1, even spray 2 or 3 times. Diseases mainly include ring spot mosaic disease and powdery mildew. Ring spot mosaic disease is mainly prevention. It is to strengthen management and enhance the disease resistance of plants. Second, it is timely excavated after the diseased plants are found. Powdery mildew is mainly susceptible to disease at low temperature and humidity. Therefore, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission. In the early stage of disease, 250 times of colloidal sulfur or 0.2-0.3 Baume degree lime sulfur can be used for prevention and treatment.
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