Editor's note: Since late September, there have been many consultations on the problems of the agaricus mushroom, among which the problem of not producing mushrooms or fruiting mushrooms is the most prominent issue. The newspaper invited the researcher of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to write this article. Hopefully, The majority of edible mushroom growers have helped.
The problem of selection of varieties (strains) is "good planting of good seedlings." In terms of climatic conditions in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, etc., Aspergillus fumigatus should be selected As2796, etc. Other new strains should be tested in a small range of comparison, suitable for cultivation before promotion. The correct approach is: After the introduction of new strains, all or similar strains of the same species should be tested for the quality of the product, the survival of the fittest, the best comprehensive performance is selected for promotion, or reserved for commodity production.
The quality of strains has been degraded due to the nature of introduced strains, or seed production technology is lacking, and the species is degraded due to non-standard operation, or strains have been preserved for many passages, or four or even five strains have been used as third-grade strains. Sowing, etc., can lead to degradation of the original fine traits. The basic manifestations of the degraded strains are: slow germination after inoculation, weak mycelium, slow bacterial growth, poor resistance, delayed fruiting or lack of mushrooms, and serious disease damage, leading to production failure. The best solution to the above problems is to learn the seed production techniques by themselves and prepare seed for production; if it is unconditional, it is also possible to purchase three kinds of seeds for cultivation. However, it is necessary to strictly inspect the seed-supplying units, in particular to examine the credibility of the breeders. Careful control of the strains was carried out. The strains of Agaricus bisporus were different from other strains and used wheat as the matrix material, such as the moisture content of the grain itself, the growth of the hyphae, etc., which were quality inspection items. In addition, airborne mycelium, bacilli, pests and diseases can also be observed on the surface of strains. All of them must be carefully checked. Any strain with doubtful quality should not be used for production.
Base material ratio problems Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus requires more types of raw and auxiliary materials, and only scientific and rational formulas can make it normal. Otherwise, it will lead to more aerial hyphae, serious diseases, and delay in mushroom production. Many problems. Solution: Add organic nitrogen sources and trace elements as the main ingredients, and correctly mix base nutrition. Basic formula: wheat straw 3000 kg, cow dung powder 3000 kg, superphosphate 60 kg, urea 60 kg, lime powder 80 kg, gypsum powder 80 kg, calcium carbonate 90 kg, mushroom disease eliminate 60 bags (120 g/bag), Edible bacteria three-dimensional nutrition essence (mixing type) 12 bags (120 grams / bag). Areas with better biogas development and farmers can add appropriate amount of biogas residue, and biogas slurry can also be used. The effect can be achieved.
In the production of base material fermentation, there are mainly phenomena such as non-uniform fermentation, raw and cooked raw materials, and acidification, which results in problems such as difficulty in bacterial growth, serious pollution, and difficulty in fruiting. Solution: It is recommended to use secondary fermentation instead, in order to obtain uniform and consistent fermentation of the base material, and to sterilize the mushroom shed by the way. If you are accustomed to one-time fermentation, you can use the principle of “changing the inside and outside and changing from top to bottom†during the turning. Don't turn it over on one side and check the moisture content and pH of the base before entering the shed. Adjustment.
Diseases and pests damage problems The insects are lurking in the base material. After sowing, they will harm the mycelia of the Agaricus bisporus, resulting in difficulty in fruiting or not producing mushrooms. Solution: Thoroughly clean up the mushroom shed and the surrounding environment, and do a good job inside and outside the mushroom shed. Special attention should be paid to prevention work. Do not provide opportunities for the worms to enter the shed; generally use silly drugs to cover soil materials. After treatment, germination and mushrooming are sprayed once every 3 to 7 days for disease prevention, and lime powder is sprayed at the vents and entrances of mushroom sheds to prevent reptiles from entering. Once pests are found, they should be killed immediately. To prevent the formation of invasive hazards.
Management Technology Problems Edible mushroom production and technical operations are slightly careless and there will be some problems that are difficult to handle. In particular, several key operating points require more attention, such as base material fermentation, post-sowing germs, and water management after casing. Some management details should arouse everyone’s attention. For example, if the temperature of the shed is too high, the mycelium cannot be kinked, the water is too large, the poor ventilation of the trampoline, the blind and random use of medicines, and the physiological immaturity of the hyphae can all lead to not producing mushrooms. Responsive to the disease during production, and carry out specific treatment.
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