Cultivation Technique of Strawberry in Sunlight Greenhouse

Strawberry, also known as oceanberry, red raspberry, native to Europe, entered the country at the beginning of this century and became popular in China. The appearance of the strawberry is heart-shaped, its bright pink color, succulent flesh, sweet and sour palatability, aromatic and nutritious, so it has the reputation of "fruit queen".
According to analysis, strawberries are rich in amino acids, fructose, sucrose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, pectin, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, niacin, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron. These nutrients are responsible for growth and development. It has a very good promotion effect and is of great benefit to the elderly and children. Foreign scholars have found that the active ingredients in strawberries can inhibit the growth of cancer. Every hundred grams of strawberry contains vitamin C50-100 mg, more than 10 times higher than apples and grapes. Scientific research has confirmed that vitamin C can eliminate the relaxation and tension between cells, make the structure of brain cells firm, delicate skin elasticity, has an important impact on brain and mental development. Eating some strawberries after a meal can break down food fats and facilitate digestion.
There are many ways to eat strawberries. The common method is to rinse the strawberries and eat them directly, or mix the washed strawberries with white sugar or sweet milk. The flavor is unique and unique. With the development of the food industry, strawberries have been made into a variety of jams, jellies, preserved fruit, canned sugar, fruit juices, etc., and the market is promising.
Strawberry medicine can also be called top grade, Chinese medicine believes that strawberries are sweet, cool, into the spleen, stomach, lung, lungs and fluids, spleen and stomach, diuretic swelling, antipyretic and heatstroke, suitable for lung fever Cough, loss of appetite, shortness of urination, summer heat, thirst, etc. In addition to the prevention of scurvy, the vitamin C rich in strawberries has a positive preventive effect on arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Strawberry contains pectin and cellulose, can promote gastrointestinal motility, improve constipation, prevent acne, colon cancer. Amino acids contained in strawberries have a certain effect on leukemia and aplastic anemia.
Strawberry is a small berry with fast fruiting, early maturing, easy breeding, short cycle, less pests and diseases, easy management and high nutritional value. It is especially suitable for protective cultivation. The strawberry cultivation techniques are as follows.
1. Variety selection of strawberry in protected cultivation requires short dormancy, more flowering at low temperature, stronger self-pollination ability, less black flower, large and neat fruit type, less deformed fruit, high yield, good flavor, especially in the market Strong competitive varieties.
(1) Boyzi No.1: It is a new variety selected from the strawberry varieties imported by Tianyi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. from the United States in 1998. Plant type medium, strong growth potential and stolons, large leaves, nearly round, dark green, shiny. Flower buds have a strong ability to differentiate, inflorescences occur in large quantities, and flowering takes a long period of time. The fruit has a long cone or wedge shape, and the fruit surface is smooth and smooth, with beautiful color and bright red wax luster. The fruit shape is large and neat, with an average fruit weight of 50 grams or more and a maximum fruit weight of 112 grams. The flesh is red, dense and solid, with high hardness, can be cut or sliced ​​for food, long shelf life, resistant to storage and transportation, suitable for long-distance transportation. The fruit is fragrant, sweet and slightly acidic, with 11.6% soluble solids, high vitamin C content, and good flavor and texture. Its resistance and adaptability. High resistance to gray mold, powdery mildew. Shallow dormancy, 5 °C below the low temperature of 60-90 hours to break dormancy. The fruit ripening period is the same, the picking period is concentrated, and the yield is high. It can produce more than 3500 kilograms per mu in a solar greenhouse. It is an exceptionally large fresh-serving strawberry variety in the current solar greenhouse.
(2) Sweet Charlie (A-10): A new strawberry variety introduced by Tianyi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. in the United States in 2000. The leaves are nearly round and thick, the leaves are dark green, the margins of the leaves are blunt, the petiole is thick and velvety, the plants are robust, the root system is developed, the plant type is compact, the growth is strong, and the resistance to gray mold and powdery mildew is high. Other diseases are also very resistant to disease, few diseases occur, and they have wide adaptability and short dormancy. Berry conical, neat size, less deformed fruit, dark red and shiny surface. The first order fruit average fruit weight 41 grams, the largest fruit weight 105 grams. Seed yellow, pink flesh, aroma, sweetness, soluble solids 11.9%, hardness, storage and transportation. After maturation, it is naturally stored at room temperature for 7-10 days while still maintaining its original color, original taste, good taste and good quality.
(3) Hongyan: It is a new high quality and large fruit variety introduced by Tianyi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. in 2002. The base of the plant is red, extremely tall, with a plant height of 28.7 centimeters during prosperous growth and a degree of development of about 25 centimeters. Sleep shallow, deeper than Fengxiang. The number of plant stems is less, the number of inflorescences per plant is 3-5, and the stems are stout and hard and stand upright, with less flowering quantity, 8-10 top inflorescences, 5-7 lateral inflorescences, perfect flower development, good pollination, and fruitful results. Long Park Cone, slightly short top cone with triangle, bright red color, beautiful fruit, a generation of top fruit, the largest top fruit of more than 100 grams, fruit hardness is more resistant to storage and transportation, high sugar content, good taste , strong resistance to powdery mildew, low temperature resistance is not high temperature. It is prone to anthrax and leaf spot, and it is difficult to raise seedlings in summer. Especially in early winter when the cold stem conditions continue to result in good results, obviously better than Fengxiang, one or two generations of early fruit production, than the yield of Fengxiang about 10%, good yield.
(4), Zhang Ji: Japanese Japanese strawberry cultivation varieties. The plant chief is strong and upright. The occurrence of stolons is strong, with high fertility, and a large amount of flowers. Each flower has 8-19 flowers and the rate of fruit set is high. The fruit shape is long conical, medium fruit, average fruit weight 15-20 grams, high yield. The fruit is bright red and bright, the fruit surface is bright, the peel is tough, the flesh has rich aroma, high sugar content, and high quality. With shallow dormancy and good precocity, it can be listed in late November and its high yield in the early period is one of the fine new varieties that the current facility promotes cultivation and production.
(5) 枥 B female: Japanese varieties. Plant growth is strong, dark green leaves, fruit cone, a neat fruit, fruit surface bright red, shiny, the appearance is extremely beautiful. The pulp is red and the meat is dense. Juice juice, sweet and sour taste, excellent quality. The fruit is hard and has good resistance to storage and transportation. Dormant shallow, early maturing varieties, generally yield up to 2500 kg per mu. Medium disease resistance, resistance to powdery mildew is significantly better than Fengxiang. Suitable for promoting cultivation.
(6) Saga fragrance: Japanese variety. The growth of plants is strong, the stems are thick, and the leaves are large. The extension angle of the leaves is smaller than that of Fengxiang. The ability of pumping stems is better than Fengxiang. The flowering results are 5-7 days earlier than Fengxiang. The total flowering of inflorescence is less than that of Fengxiang, and the inflorescence is less. Continuous pumping ability, fruit cone, fruit surface bright red and shiny, deformed fruit and ditch fruit less, a sequence of fruit weight of 35 grams, the largest fruit weight 52.5 grams, excellent quality, soluble solids content of 10.2 %, titratable acid content 0.94%, fruit hardness 0.762 kg/cm2, significantly better than Fengxiang, more resistant to powdery mildew, the average per mu production up to 2500 kg or more, suitable for northern greenhouse and southern arch shed cultivation, is an alternative to Feng The most ideal variety of incense.
2. Jianyuan Strawberry has the characteristics of hi light, hi fat, hi water, and fear of earthworms. The best place for the garden is to choose a place with high topography, flat ground, loose soil, fertile soil, suitable acid and alkali, convenient drainage and irrigation, and good ventilation. In the case of sloping land, the slope should not exceed 2 to 4, and the slope should be on the south-south slope of the south slope. In windy areas, especially in areas with severe dry wind in the spring, windbreaks should be established in advance to prevent pollination and fertilization. If the soil is not suitable, it should be improved first. The former crops are tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, watermelons, cotton, etc. The soil should be cultivated after strict soil disinfection, because the blight of the former crops is caused by the same fungus. Strawberries are less resistant to storage and transportation than other fruits and require strict timeliness for harvesting and sales. Therefore, the development of strawberries on a large scale should also take into consideration the conditions of transportation, consumption, storage and processing. It is advisable to develop in a planned manner near large and medium-sized cities and large mining areas to determine an appropriate scale of development. In places far away from the city, it is necessary to first consider the traffic conditions, sales routes and other issues; remember to blindly expand the area, resulting in excess product.
3. Appropriate facility structure The best option for the cultivation of strawberry facilities is an artificially controllable smart greenhouse or greenhouse, but it is not conducive to large-scale promotion due to its high cost. Facilitated cultivation facilities facilitated by large-scale promotion The north is an energy-saving solar greenhouse, and the south is a multi-story greenhouse. However, due to the rainy weather in the autumn and winter seasons in the south, the advantages of the strawberry facilities in the energy-saving solar greenhouse in the northern China are far more obvious.
Semi-conductivity cultivation of strawberry facilities in the northern part of the use of simple greenhouses or simple greenhouses, the southern use of single-layer covered greenhouses or sheds. However, due to its late rise in temperature, poor insulation performance, late on the market, production and efficiency are significantly inferior to facilities to promote cultivation.
In addition, there are facilities for the cultivation of protected areas, such as the cultivation of facilities that inhibit cultivation and facilities for rain-fighting in the south, and the like. However, due to the comprehensive assessment, energy-saving solar greenhouses in the northern region have a clear advantage in fostering cultivation. Therefore, the following focuses on energy-saving solar greenhouse-promoting cultivation techniques conducted in northern regions.
Energy-saving solar greenhouses that are more commonly used in the north are structurally different due to different regional climate conditions, but they all follow a principle in design and construction, that is, they must adapt to local climate conditions, maximize solar energy, and optimize daylighting. Conditions; to maximize the preservation of solar energy has been obtained, and strengthen insulation measures. The greenhouses are mostly oriented east-west, with a span of 6 to 7 meters, a ridge height of 3.1 to 2.7 meters, a back wall of 2 to 1.5 meters, and a length of about 50 meters. The front lighting roof is double-arched, half-arched, mid-section. Or the average horizontal angle with the ground is about 6.5 degrees less than the local geographic latitude. The horizontal projection width of the backslope is about 1.5 meters above the ground. The specific parameters should be determined according to the local climatic conditions, especially the lighting conditions. The back wall of the greenhouse adopts a brick-walled hollow wall filled with perlite, furnace ash and other thermal insulation materials to form a composite wall of 50 cm to 70 cm in size; it is also possible to use a stone wall outside to prevent cold soil (base of stone walls 50 centimeters thick, 40 centimeters in the upper part, vertical to the inner wall, slope of the outer wall; wall to the outside soil, the thickness is greater than the local maximum permafrost 30 cm-50 centimeters) or outside the wall (flood wall or grass mud wall, inner plus Brick wall support; the thickness of the wall exceeds the local maximum permafrost 30 cm -50 cm, but the minimum is not less than 80 cm) and so on. The gable uses an earth wall or brick wall, which is equivalent to 2/3 of the thickness of the largest permafrost in the area. The elevation angle of the roof after the roof is about 10 degrees higher than the height of the sun at the midday of the local “winter solstice” day; the material should be mainly made of heat-retaining and heat-retaining materials, and the sealing should be strict. When the thickness is mainly straw and firewood, the bottom and outer coverings The total thickness should be 2/3 to 4/5 of the thickness of the largest permafrost in the area. The front lighting surface is double-arched and semi-arched. The angle between the main lighting section and the ground is equal to or greater than the local geographical latitude minus 6.5 degrees; the load-carrying capacity is 100 kg/m2; and the vertical distance from the front foot of the greenhouse is 1 meter. The height is between 1.6m and 1.7m; there is no column or temporary top column under the front slope or in the full-span room; there is no air leakage at the front slope after covering. The shed film adopts a multi-functional composite film with heat preservation, anti-fog, dust-proof, anti-aging and slow light transmission attenuation. Outside the greenhouse film, suitable for local conditions, weaves or quilts with good texture and heat preservation properties are used as the winter nighttime thermal insulation material.
4. Planting and seedling management (1) Site preparation: pre-planting-weekly soil preparation, cultivating high-quality animal husbandry 1500-2000kg/667?, dipping diammonium phosphate 50-70kg/667?, potassium sulfate 8-10kg/667?, Groove depth is 10 ~ 15cm. After the application of deep-turning, squatting, ridging, ridge width 30 ~ 35cm, height 15cm.
(2) Planting time: generally from early September to mid-October. The higher the latitude, the earlier the colonization time; the lower the latitude, the later the colonization. However, colonization is too early to interfere with flower bud differentiation and affect yield, or because the temperature is high, the survival rate is low, so that the unit area is reduced; planting is too late, the temperature drops, affecting the root development of the strawberry, also will reduce production.
(3) Requirements for seedlings: Seedlings should be selected from 4 leaves or more, with a root diameter of 0.8 cm or more, a single plant fresh weight of 25 to 40 g, and a virus-free and robust seedling with a well-developed root system.
(4) Row spacing: Plant 2 rows on well-made ridges with a spacing of 30-35 cm and a plant spacing of 20-15 cm.
(5) Planting: Choose cloudy or shady seedlings. When the seedlings are planted, the direction of the arches is towards the furrows, and inflorescences and fruits will fall on both sides of the ridges for future management. Immediately after the seedlings are irrigated. The depth of planting is appropriate to "deep not bury the heart, light does not reveal roots". Beware of planting too shallow or too deep. When planting, the seedlings will be stretched and rooted, so that the new base of the seedlings will be flush with the bed surface. After the planting, the soil is irrigated in time; if the temperature is too high and the sunlight is too strong, suitable sun shades should be provided to ease the seedlings.
(6) Slow seedling management: After seedlings are planted, they are watered according to soil moisture. The initial requirement for the soil surface to see dry see wet, as a small water pouring, to ensure that the seedlings can not be water, but not too much watering on the adverse seedling growth; this period, if any seedlings die in time to make up. Seedlings grow 3-5 new leaves and appropriate water control for 7-10 days to properly grow seedlings to facilitate the formation of good root systems. And timely remove old leaves on seedlings to save nutrition.
5. Insulation of the shed is the key to early strawberry cultivation. If the upper shed is too early, it will affect the differentiation of flower buds in strawberry (a certain low temperature is favorable for flower bud differentiation), which will lead to a reduction in production. If the upper shed is too late, it will cause dormancy, dwarfing plants, and poor development, which will make the cultivation fail. When the external minimum temperature reaches 15°C, timely cover the PVC non-dropping film to achieve the temperature in the greenhouse during the day, the purpose of the night heat preservation, promote the growth of strawberries, prevent from entering dormancy; after covering the film, timely cover the film to effectively maintain The ground temperature promotes the growth of strawberry roots; under the cover film insulation, when the temperature in the greenhouse at night drops to about 12°C, the outer layer is covered with quilts or straw curtains in time to enhance the nighttime heat preservation effect in the greenhouse and suppress the dormancy. . The north side of the shed can be used to set up wind barriers such as corn stalks.
6. The suitable temperature for controlling the development of suitable temperature and humidity strawberry fruit is 15-18 °C. To achieve this ideal temperature in the winter and early spring, it must be achieved through the greenhouse effect of the greenhouse film, multi-layer coverage (cover film and plastic film coverage) and outer cover (cotton or straw, etc.) cover insulation. The daytime temperature in the greenhouse will reach 25-28°C, 5°C at night, and 0°C minimum temperature. If there is a high temperature above 32 °C, it must be ventilated and cooled. The soil moisture is suitable to maintain 70 to 80%, too large and small will affect the root activity of the strawberry and the fruit's normal growth and development. The specific temperature can be referred to as follows: The initial period of the shed is 20-30°C during the day and 10-12°C at night. At this time, when the daily temperature is too high, small water or water spray should be used to supplement the humidity. Inflorescences are smoked at 26-28°C during the day and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 8°C. Flowering temperature of 20-25 °C, 10-12 °C at night. The fruit enlargement period is 20-25°C during the day and 8°C at night. The harvest period is 18-24°C during the day and 5-6°C at night. When the temperature exceeds the maximum temperature, it is necessary to let the air cool down and dehumidify, and when the temperature drops to a low point, close the air inlet to keep warm. Maintain relative humidity 60%-70%, relative humidity under flowering control below 45%.
7. Flower and fruit management (1) Pick old leaves. New leaves of strawberries occur continuously throughout the year, and old leaves are also increasing. The old leaves have more substances that inhibit the differentiation of flower buds, and the old leaves, in particular, tend to consume more nutrients than photosynthetic accumulation. Diseased leaves with pathogens are easy to spread and spread. And take it out of the park to destroy or deep burial, which can reduce nutrient consumption, improve ventilation through the wind conditions, increase photosynthetic efficiency, promote flower bud differentiation, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, is conducive to strawberry plant development.
(2) Auxiliary pollination. Strawberry pollination is easy to produce deformed fruit and irregular fruit setting. Spray borax 500 times once during budding (the borax is first dissolved with high wine) to improve the quality of the flower. Artificial pollination was conducted with a fan or feather duster or brush at 11-12 hours noon. The beehive can be moved indoors to be pollinated by bees.
(3) sparse buds and sparse flowers. Prompt and appropriate sparse buds and sparse flowers can save nutrition, promote single fruit weight increase, and increase fruit yield; promote uniform fruit size, early maturity, concentrated harvest time, and reduced number of harvests, thereby effectively increasing production value.
(4) Thinning of fruit. Timely sparse the pollinator's malformed fruit, pests and fruits, and small fruits to save nutrition and improve the quality of commercial fruit. The higher secondary inflorescences are prone to male-female instincts, and the elimination of certain high-level fruits after flowering can not only reduce the malformed fruit rate, but also help concentrate the nutrient supply to the low grade secondary fruit development, increase the number of fruit, and improve the uniformity (5). In addition to stolons. Strawberry stalks consume nutrients from the mother plant, which tends to close the crowd and affect ventilation. Therefore, removal of stolons can obviously avoid consumption, improve illumination, favor flower bud differentiation, enhance wintering ability, and increase fruit yield and quality. The stolons that occur during fruit development should be removed promptly. Removal of stolons can be combined with cultivating, cultivating soil, and picking leaves for management.
8, water and fertilizer management Each batch after flowering and after each batch of fruit harvest should be timely fertilizer. The top dressing is preferably organic fertilizer (cake fertilizer, biogas slurry, pig manure, etc.) and the retort liquid is used together with inorganic fertilizer. Each time the greenhouse fertilizer with urea 5 kg, compound fertilizer 10 kg. In addition, it is also possible to top-dress fertilizer in appropriate amounts according to the growth of seedlings. Each pest control added K2HPO4, urea, amino acid and other foliar fertilizers for extra-root fertilizer.
Strawberries in greenhouses need water to be poured, usually 5-7 days in winter, need to be poured with water (watering for 4 hours), 3-5 days in spring, once in 1-2 days in high temperature in early summer, but avoid watering in case of continuous rain. . The air humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled below 65%, especially during flowering, it should be controlled to about 45%.
Conditional CO2-generators can be used to emit CO2 and air from night to night during the result period of 8-10 hours each morning before the release of the air, and light is used to supplement the light from 4-8 hours, which has a significant effect on prevention of premature senescence, fruit enlargement, and yield increase. effect.
9. Control of pests and diseases Cultivation of strawberries in greenhouses Using film-covered cultivation, high temperature and humidity in the facilities create even more favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The greenhouse diseases and pests of strawberry should be mainly controlled by agriculture, supplemented by chemical control, that is, through the use of virus-free strong seedlings, high ridge planting, mulching film, dry and dry rotation and to avoid drought, high temperature and other measures to prevent the occurrence of fruit, rotten fruit. The diseased rotten leaves and fruits found in the field must be promptly removed, destroyed in a centralized manner, and prevented from spreading. Chemical control should pay attention to before and after flowering without drugs, so as not to affect pollination, so that more abnormal fruit. To minimize the use of fruit during the fruit harvest period, the pesticide with low residual toxicity should be selected when spraying the pesticide, and the spraying of fruit should be stopped within 2 days to 3 days to prevent fruit residues from affecting human health.
(1) Disease prevention and control. The main diseases contributing to cultivation in the solar greenhouse are powdery mildew, gray mold, strawberry anthrax, (ultimate pythium) rotten fruit disease, strawberry wilt disease, bud blight, nematode disease, and virus disease.
Strawberry powdery mildew: mainly affects the leaves and tender tips; flowers, fruit, fruit stems and petioles can also be affected. Control methods: (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. (2) After clearing the strawberry plants and all kinds of weeds in the clean shed or in the field, the plants shall be planted. The orchards shall be cleaned in winter and spring, the decayed stems and leaves shall be burned, and the diseased leaves shall be timely and concentratedly burned in the growing season. (3) Proper close planting, strengthening the management of soil and fertigation, enhancing the growth of plants, and improving their resistance to diseases. Fruit farmers should not try to “stick” each other and avoid human transmission. (4) Prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, control leggy, pay attention to ventilation and prevent over-wetness after rain. (5) The diseased vines and the diseased fruits should be removed as soon as possible when the morning dew does not disappear, and they should be packed in a convenient bag to burn or be buried deeply. (6) Chemical control: The timely prevention and treatment of the disease at the early stage of the disease should be ensured. Sulfur fumigation to prevent the onset of disease technology: The reason why Japan is currently not resistant to powdery mildew strawberry varieties Fengxiang, female peak, Zhang Ji, ghosts, anger and Gan area is still very large, the main use of sulfur fumigation technology inhibits the hazards of powdery mildew. Sulfur fumigation technology is to install one fumigation device per 100m2 in the shed. The fumigation device contains 20g of 99% sulphur powder, which is heated and fumigated after covering the curtain in the evening. Every other day, 4 hours each time, pay attention to observation, add sulfur powder when insufficient. The fumigation device is suspended in the greenhouse at an interval of 1.5 meters above the ground. To prevent the sulfur gas from hardening the shed film, an umbrella waste film can be set at 1 meter above the fumigation device to protect the greenhouse film. This method is harmless to bees, but the temperature of the fumigator must not exceed 280°C, so that sulfite does not cause phytotoxicity to the strawberries. If the nighttime temperature exceeds 20°C in the shed, the dose should be reduced. 50% white powder suspension 600 times; 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times; 25% triadimefon 3000 to 5000 times; 50% eutectic 800 times, 30% Teflon Ling 5000 times liquid; 10% Shi Gao water dispersible granules 2000 to 2500 times liquid spray control; 40% Fuxing 10000 times liquid; 12.5% ​​Myclobutanil EC 1500 times; Sterilizing class smoke purifying agent chlorothalonil, smoked spirit , can be mixed fume; every 7 to 10 days once the drug, a variety of drugs can be used interchangeably to prevent the development of resistance.
Strawberry Botrytis cinerea: It mainly affects leaves, flowers, stalks, buds and fruits on strawberries. Control methods: (1) Control the amount of fertilizer, planting density and field humidity, and cover with plastic film to prevent the fruit from contacting the soil. Select disease-resistant varieties such as U.S. No. 3, Red, etc., remove old, sick, residual leaves and susceptible inflorescences in time, and remove the diseased fruits. (2) Inflorescences are revealed to be sprayed before flowering. The same amount of Bordeaux mixture is 200 times that of doxorubicin WP or 500 times of WP of wettable powder, of DFK WP of 700 to 1000 times, of bacteriostat WP of 500-800. Times of liquid, Ketodane WP 800 times, Trifluralin WP 600 times, etc., once every 10 days until the end of a large number of fruit harvest. It is also possible to spray 50% quick-inking 800 times, or spray 500 times 65% zeocin WP before flowering. Spray 1200 times with 40% suspension of Shi Qingle, or 1000 times with 50% fluocin. (3) Pay attention to the selection of crop rotation, deep plowing before planting, promotion of sorghum cultivation, chemical treatment of soil, application of 25% carbendazim wettable powder 75 to 90 kg per hectare before planting, and good disease prevention effect in soil. Protected cultivation can be sterilized with 45% chlorothalonil chewing agent 3 ~ 3.75 kg/ha or fast-king spirits.
Strawberry (ultimate pythium) rotten fruit disease: Fruit on the ground and on the ground are prone to disease, and petiole stems can also become black and dry. Control methods: (1) Choose sheltered plants to grow strawberries on sunny Gaoshao plots. Soil sterilizers such as chloropicrin can be used before seedbed planting. (2) It can spray 15% manor water agent 200 times, or 2% agricultural anti-120 water agent 200 times, or 69% ank manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times, or 15% Hymex Agent 400 Double liquid, generally control 2 to 3 times to receive better results. (2) Pest control. The main insect pests are: aphids, whiteflies, acarids, nematodes and so on.
Aphids, whiteflies, and ticks are common pests of strawberries, both in open and protected areas. The more excellent the variety is, the more delicious the fruit is, the more susceptible it is to locusts, and the yellowish or yellow-green leaves also attract maggots. Control methods: (1) Reduce the number of overwintering eggs, thoroughly clear the garden at the end of autumn, eradicate the weeds, and timely remove old and sick leaves. (2) Set the yellow plate, coat the oil on the plate to trap and kill cockroaches and whitefly, or set up an insect screen at the air outlet, or hang a silver-gray plastic film to repel the mites. (3) The release of the licorice wasp effectively controls the whitefly. (4) fumigation with fumigant, dichlorvos and other fumigants can be used. (5) Medication spray treatment: Aphids can be sprayed with 15% or 20% spray of 50% antifoam WP 2000 times, 1.8% of sword oil can be sprayed 1000 times, and 10% imidacloprid wettable. Powder 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid, 50% of marathon EC 1500 times liquid; white powder can be used 25% Buprofezin WP 2500 times, 2.5% chlorfluthrin EC 3000 ~ 4000 times liquid; fleas available low residue The strong synergistic methionine 5,000-8000 times liquid spray twice, interval 5 days, 20% amitraz EC 1000 to 1500 times or methyl avermectin benzoate EC 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid spray control, once in about 10 days. The use of drugs was stopped two weeks before fruit picking.
Strawberry nematodes are not easily visible to the naked eye and require a microscope. The worms are harmful to the life of the strawberry, and the symptoms are most obvious before and after flowering. One is to rely on seedlings, the other is to rely on the soil. Strawberry nematodes are divided into nematodes and root nematodes, and strawberry nematodes are also vectors of viral transmission. Control methods: (1) To remove the diseased plants, the transmission of nematodes mainly depends on the victim mother plants and stems, and they are removed together to eliminate the pathogens. (2) Disinfect the soil, plunge the soil deep before planting, and use the chloropicrin for soil fumigation. The greenhouse can use soil fumigation and closed greenhouses for high-temperature smolder sterilization. (3) Disinfect with heat treatment, soak the seedlings in 35°C hot water for 10 minutes before planting, then cool and plant them. (4) Rotation, avoiding replanting and reducing the harm of nematodes.
10. Timely harvesting of strawberry fruits in greenhouses is mainly based on fresh food. Harvesting must be done when the top 70% or more of the fruit surface is red. The winter and early spring temperatures are low. It should be harvested at 80% to 90% maturity, and the temperature will gradually rise after the early spring. The harvest period can be appropriately advanced. Picking should be carried out between 8 am and 10 am or between 4 pm and 6 pm. Do not remove fruits and sun-dried fruits to prevent deterioration. When picking lightly, gently, gently, do not damage flower buds, and at the same time to be graded and packed.

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