Abstract Zui was originally designed for nuclear processes, and was later expected to handle large amounts of crude oil spillage. The centrifuge technology has been effectively applied to many aspects including cleaning bilge water, recovering completion fluids, and removing solid particles.
Keyword Centrifuge Working Principles For many years, centrifuges have been used in the mining industry and related processes. However, the investment cost of centrifuges, frequent high maintenance costs and sensitivity to process changes all limit the wide application of centrifuge technology. Based in Houston, Costner IndustriesTexas, LP (CIT) has introduced a simple, easy-to-operate, safe and reliable centrifuge for oil fields. The new design of the centrifuge design, combined with the experience gained in oil-water separation, provides an alternative treatment for oil production operations.
![]()
I. Background Information For more than 30 years, various laboratories of the US Department of Energy (DOE) have been engaged in the design and development of ring centrifuge contactors. This technique is used for solvent extraction of metals of value to the nuclear industry. The technology is simple to operate and requires low maintenance rates for the design, which is important for remote operation of the radioactive process. After obtaining a patent for the continuous separation of hydrocarbons from water in 1990, this technology was put on the market. Now, the design of the centrifuge has been further improved, and the flow processing scale has increased to several thousand barrels per day.
Oscar winner Kevin Kestner wants to find a way for the global industry to more effectively purify the environment and try to make money from it. Kostner's vision is to combine environmental protection with economic benefits. CIT is a private joint-stock company and Kostner has the majority of shares. The company was founded seven years ago after obtaining a license from the US Department of Energy for the centrifuge. The company's main business is the production of zui's new fluid centrifugal processing equipment, and provides a full range of processing methods for industrial production. Liquid/liquid separation technology has been widely used in many industries including food, pharmaceuticals, printing and mining. Hundreds of CIT centrifuges have been installed in many industries around the world and have recently been used in oil fields.
Second, the working principle The circular centrifuge is a vertical, direct transmission, low-speed centrifuge, in the same device can mix fluid, but also can separate the fluid. The ability and efficiency of separating the two-phase liquid is enhanced by appropriate modifications based on the original invention.
The two fluids of different densities in the rotating drum, the denser fluid leans against the inner wall of the drum under the action of centrifugal force, and the fluid with lower density leans toward the center of the drum (Fig. 1). Fluid injected through one or two input ports may be mixed (for separation) or single (for extraction). Mixing takes place in the annulus between the sleeve and the drum and then into the drum through the inlet at the bottom of the drum. The splitter disc directs the incoming fluid directly into the drum sleeve. After the fluid is input, the fluid in the drum rises to the flow of the drum. The fluid with a low density approaches the center of the drum, and flows out of the drum through the lower density fluid outlet than the light phase. The denser fluid passes through the separator and continues to flow over the drum and then exits the heavy phase flow.
In the low-speed mixing mode, the concentration of the outlet oil-in-water after separation is usually between 15 and 150 ppm due to different process conditions. In heavy stock oils, oil feet and water with a concentration of less than 1% in oil can be obtained, even at lower concentrations than light crude oil and refined products. Zui's new centrifuge design allows for the treatment of fluids with input oil to water ratios varying from 0% to 100% without adjustment.
Typical drum diameters range from 2 to 20 in. The height of the unit is 2 to 10 ft, the power is 01125 to 60 hp, the weight is 25 to 6850 lb, and the production capacity is 17 to 6800 bbl/d. A giant centrifuge weighing 12,000 lbs, a drum diameter of 36 in, a power of 100 hp, and a daily output of 20,500 bbl is currently being developed.
Third, the maintenance is simple On-site cleaning and easy to disassemble the drum design to simplify maintenance.
1. Cleaning the drum on the spot A large, large-capacity ring centrifuge contactor requires a tail shaft at the bottom of the drum to enhance stability. These drums are suspended between the upper and lower bearings and have a certain volume and weight. It is not possible to disassemble and clean them frequently. A rotating drum that has been cleaned in situ has been developed and patented. The unit consists of a number of nozzles mounted on the central hollow shaft of the drum. It introduces the cleaning fluid into the inside of the drum to effectively remove solid particles. The entire process of cleaning multiple centrifuges is automatic and continuous, and the entire process takes only 5 minutes.
Fourth, the drum disassembly design Many process streams contain a small amount of solid particles and small particles, they may be gathered on the inner wall of the drum, zui will eventually affect the separation of the centrifuge. The cycle of cleaning is based on the amount of particulates in the process stream. There are two ways to clean the ring centrifuge contactor. Taking two small prototypes (about 170bbl per day) as an example, the drum can be completely disassembled and removed from the hood with a simple tool for internal cleaning or inspection. Both units feature a rotating drum suspended from the upper bearing hood, which enhances the detachability of the unit and simplifies the design.
V. Application examples Table 1 lists the application of this technology in the oil field.
![]()
1. Completion Fluid Recovery Operators engaged in oil recovery are using CIT centrifuges to separate oil and water from various process streams. Production well stimulation with acidification produces a dispersion of oil in acidic liquids and seawater. This mixture is usually slowly separated under normal gravity decantation and is affected by limited discharges. A 16- and 20-in diameter drum model was used in this offshore area to successfully separate a typical 50-70 gal/min process flow through the ETT system, which was supplied by a workover equipment supplier in the Gulf of Mexico.
In addition, the system successfully separates and recovers the completion fluid from the grease mixing fluid, reducing maintenance time and eliminating the need to transport fluid to the coast for separation, recovery and disposal. This technology is well suited for these and other similar applications due to its flexibility, simplicity, ease of operation, and the ability to handle 100% oil-water ratio fluctuations in components under different flow conditions.
2, Backwashing applications In order to meet current marine wastewater discharge standards, many producers are using walnut skin filters to ensure that the concentration of discharged sewage does not exceed 5 ppm. At the same time, producers sometimes use backwashable filters, which require a lot of water to clean them. The new centrifuge will be used to treat the effluent from the backwash filter and can be treated with seawater to treat only the filtered solid residue.
In a recent example, 900bbl backwash water produced by a primary filter would have to be returned to the shore due to the inclusion of solid particles. After using the centrifuge, the solid content in the sewage is reduced from more than 4% to less than 01001%, and it is easy to reprocess through the main system of producing water, leaving only solid impurities, and the treated water is discharged into the sea.
3, sump pit To achieve Costner's environmental protection ideal, the company will provide a set of measures to deal with sump. In many cases, sump pits are ignored, resulting in ground contamination. CIT has developed a timely, efficient and reliable recycling system unit. Through heating, the addition of chemicals and ground remediation using a centrifugal separation process, CIT can achieve environmental goals while also achieving additional economic benefits from the recovery of slop oil.
The company believes that it has only a certain competitive advantage, because it provides a simple process technology, requires less maintenance and supervision, and Zui is important to use in a limited field.
Keyword Centrifuge Working Principles For many years, centrifuges have been used in the mining industry and related processes. However, the investment cost of centrifuges, frequent high maintenance costs and sensitivity to process changes all limit the wide application of centrifuge technology. Based in Houston, Costner IndustriesTexas, LP (CIT) has introduced a simple, easy-to-operate, safe and reliable centrifuge for oil fields. The new design of the centrifuge design, combined with the experience gained in oil-water separation, provides an alternative treatment for oil production operations.
I. Background Information For more than 30 years, various laboratories of the US Department of Energy (DOE) have been engaged in the design and development of ring centrifuge contactors. This technique is used for solvent extraction of metals of value to the nuclear industry. The technology is simple to operate and requires low maintenance rates for the design, which is important for remote operation of the radioactive process. After obtaining a patent for the continuous separation of hydrocarbons from water in 1990, this technology was put on the market. Now, the design of the centrifuge has been further improved, and the flow processing scale has increased to several thousand barrels per day.
Oscar winner Kevin Kestner wants to find a way for the global industry to more effectively purify the environment and try to make money from it. Kostner's vision is to combine environmental protection with economic benefits. CIT is a private joint-stock company and Kostner has the majority of shares. The company was founded seven years ago after obtaining a license from the US Department of Energy for the centrifuge. The company's main business is the production of zui's new fluid centrifugal processing equipment, and provides a full range of processing methods for industrial production. Liquid/liquid separation technology has been widely used in many industries including food, pharmaceuticals, printing and mining. Hundreds of CIT centrifuges have been installed in many industries around the world and have recently been used in oil fields.
Second, the working principle The circular centrifuge is a vertical, direct transmission, low-speed centrifuge, in the same device can mix fluid, but also can separate the fluid. The ability and efficiency of separating the two-phase liquid is enhanced by appropriate modifications based on the original invention.
The two fluids of different densities in the rotating drum, the denser fluid leans against the inner wall of the drum under the action of centrifugal force, and the fluid with lower density leans toward the center of the drum (Fig. 1). Fluid injected through one or two input ports may be mixed (for separation) or single (for extraction). Mixing takes place in the annulus between the sleeve and the drum and then into the drum through the inlet at the bottom of the drum. The splitter disc directs the incoming fluid directly into the drum sleeve. After the fluid is input, the fluid in the drum rises to the flow of the drum. The fluid with a low density approaches the center of the drum, and flows out of the drum through the lower density fluid outlet than the light phase. The denser fluid passes through the separator and continues to flow over the drum and then exits the heavy phase flow.
In the low-speed mixing mode, the concentration of the outlet oil-in-water after separation is usually between 15 and 150 ppm due to different process conditions. In heavy stock oils, oil feet and water with a concentration of less than 1% in oil can be obtained, even at lower concentrations than light crude oil and refined products. Zui's new centrifuge design allows for the treatment of fluids with input oil to water ratios varying from 0% to 100% without adjustment.
Typical drum diameters range from 2 to 20 in. The height of the unit is 2 to 10 ft, the power is 01125 to 60 hp, the weight is 25 to 6850 lb, and the production capacity is 17 to 6800 bbl/d. A giant centrifuge weighing 12,000 lbs, a drum diameter of 36 in, a power of 100 hp, and a daily output of 20,500 bbl is currently being developed.
Third, the maintenance is simple On-site cleaning and easy to disassemble the drum design to simplify maintenance.
1. Cleaning the drum on the spot A large, large-capacity ring centrifuge contactor requires a tail shaft at the bottom of the drum to enhance stability. These drums are suspended between the upper and lower bearings and have a certain volume and weight. It is not possible to disassemble and clean them frequently. A rotating drum that has been cleaned in situ has been developed and patented. The unit consists of a number of nozzles mounted on the central hollow shaft of the drum. It introduces the cleaning fluid into the inside of the drum to effectively remove solid particles. The entire process of cleaning multiple centrifuges is automatic and continuous, and the entire process takes only 5 minutes.
Fourth, the drum disassembly design Many process streams contain a small amount of solid particles and small particles, they may be gathered on the inner wall of the drum, zui will eventually affect the separation of the centrifuge. The cycle of cleaning is based on the amount of particulates in the process stream. There are two ways to clean the ring centrifuge contactor. Taking two small prototypes (about 170bbl per day) as an example, the drum can be completely disassembled and removed from the hood with a simple tool for internal cleaning or inspection. Both units feature a rotating drum suspended from the upper bearing hood, which enhances the detachability of the unit and simplifies the design.
V. Application examples Table 1 lists the application of this technology in the oil field.
1. Completion Fluid Recovery Operators engaged in oil recovery are using CIT centrifuges to separate oil and water from various process streams. Production well stimulation with acidification produces a dispersion of oil in acidic liquids and seawater. This mixture is usually slowly separated under normal gravity decantation and is affected by limited discharges. A 16- and 20-in diameter drum model was used in this offshore area to successfully separate a typical 50-70 gal/min process flow through the ETT system, which was supplied by a workover equipment supplier in the Gulf of Mexico.
In addition, the system successfully separates and recovers the completion fluid from the grease mixing fluid, reducing maintenance time and eliminating the need to transport fluid to the coast for separation, recovery and disposal. This technology is well suited for these and other similar applications due to its flexibility, simplicity, ease of operation, and the ability to handle 100% oil-water ratio fluctuations in components under different flow conditions.
2, Backwashing applications In order to meet current marine wastewater discharge standards, many producers are using walnut skin filters to ensure that the concentration of discharged sewage does not exceed 5 ppm. At the same time, producers sometimes use backwashable filters, which require a lot of water to clean them. The new centrifuge will be used to treat the effluent from the backwash filter and can be treated with seawater to treat only the filtered solid residue.
In a recent example, 900bbl backwash water produced by a primary filter would have to be returned to the shore due to the inclusion of solid particles. After using the centrifuge, the solid content in the sewage is reduced from more than 4% to less than 01001%, and it is easy to reprocess through the main system of producing water, leaving only solid impurities, and the treated water is discharged into the sea.
3, sump pit To achieve Costner's environmental protection ideal, the company will provide a set of measures to deal with sump. In many cases, sump pits are ignored, resulting in ground contamination. CIT has developed a timely, efficient and reliable recycling system unit. Through heating, the addition of chemicals and ground remediation using a centrifugal separation process, CIT can achieve environmental goals while also achieving additional economic benefits from the recovery of slop oil.
The company believes that it has only a certain competitive advantage, because it provides a simple process technology, requires less maintenance and supervision, and Zui is important to use in a limited field.
Plant extracts have been used in health improvement and illness treatment for hundreds of years .The herbal botanical extracts supplier and manufacturer -- Organic Herb Inc is a China-based company which is committed to producing ,developing and exploring plant extracts, organic herbal extracts, chinese herbal medicine extracts and nutraceutical ingredients .Throughout human history plants have been the basis for medical treatments in many cultures and is still widely practiced in traditional medicine today . Modern medicine recognizes the plant-extracted ingredient as a basic component for pharmaceutical drugs .Modern medical researches have expanded the potential application of herbal extract to the pharmaceuticals, beverage , nutraceuticals, health food,Dietary supplement ingredients and cosmetics industries.
Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract,Tongkat Ali Extract,Horny Goat Weed Extract,Rhodiola Rosea Extract,Panax Ginseng Extract
Organic Herb Inc. , http://www.organic-extracts.com