Symptoms Potato black shank is a bacterial disease that infects vascular bundles and can infect potato stems and tubers. From the germination of the seed potato to the late stage of growth can be the disease, with the most prosperous seedlings. The majority of diseased plants lost their ability to hang underwater, their leaf color remained unchanged, and the whole plant wilted. Most black pods were softened and rotted. The diseased department is yellow-brown, light brown or dark brown, light green, etc. The discoloration of the vascular bundles of the vascular bundles and underground stems in the stem is basically formed into a ring-shaped stem. The junction between the base of the vascular bundle and the vegetative potato first turns black, and then develops near the ground to form black pupa. When the humidity is high, black cockroaches can rise to 3.3 to 6.6 centimeters above the ground, and some surfaces have pyoderma. The adult black pods appear dark brown to black, and the pith of the underground stem tends to become empty. The pathogenic bacteria can be sent along the stem to the direction of the new tuber, and the symptoms of black worms also develop toward the new potato, turning the umbilicus dark brown. Severe disease potato block, darkened skin, dull. The lighter-sensing tubers were not significantly different from the healthy ones. The pathogenic potato blackleg bacteria belong to the genus Eugenia and the cells are short rod-shaped. The bacteria can adapt to a wide range of temperature, and can grow well in the range of 10 to 38°C. The optimum temperature is 25 to 27°C, and the ability to live at 45°C is lost. Incidence of the disease: The disease is mainly caused by diseased potato, which is transmitted to the seed potato through a cutter, which causes the rot of the parent potato and enters the plant's ground stem from the mother's vascular bundle and pith. Later germs were introduced into tubers from the stems of the ground through the stems. During storage, the diseased sweet potatoes come into contact, and the germs can be transmitted through the wound or lenticels, causing infection. Residual diseased potato and diseased bodies in the soil are also the source of primary infection. Diseased plants in the field can spread through insects and running water and infect the strong strains from the wound. Occurrence of black shank has a close relationship with temperature, and the incidence of black leeches is heavy and low-lying. Poor ventilation during storage period and in the cellar, high temperature, high humidity, pathogens through the wound, skin hole infection, easy to cause rotten cellar. Control measures 1. Selection of resistant varieties Breed resistant varieties from a variety of disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties. 2. To establish a disease-free seeding field with single plant selection, bud planting or whole potato sowing. 3. Germination of sun seeds, out of diseased potatoes can be used soil ditch film germination drying seeds, the specific approach is: 25 days before sowing, digging depth of 0.5 meters, width 1.0 to 1.3 meters, the length of the soil ditch according to the number of seed potatoes . Groove grass thickness 10.0 ~ 13.3 centimeters, on the pile of 3 to 4 layers of potato, covered with plastic film, kept at 17 ~ 25 °C germination 7 days or so, when the buds to match the size of the match, the film is exposed during the day In the evening, it is possible to cover the grass curtains at night to prevent freezing and to cut the umbilicus for inspection. The diseased potatoes will be completely eliminated. 4. Seed dressing of vegetation ash can promote the corkification of the wound and sow immediately after mixing. 5. Excavate the diseased plants to clear the field of diseased bodies and turn them around in a reasonable manner to avoid continuous cropping. 6. Appropriate early sowing pay attention to drainage, reduce soil moisture, select topography, dry, well-drained fields, increase ground temperature, promote early emergence, reduce the spread of black shank disease and epidemic. 7. Control of foliar spray of field crops by spraying 0.1% copper sulfate solution or copper hydroxide or copper hydroxide can significantly reduce black shank disease. (Shawan County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Gao Yongjian)
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