Under the current conditions of rapeseed production technology, implementation of optimized varieties, regional planting, timely early planting and early planting, increased density, balanced fertilization, biochemical regulation and comprehensive prevention and control of pests and other key technologies will help tap the potential of the provincial oil menu and improve quality. The yield per mu for double and triple cooked rapeseeds can reach 160 kg and more than 100 kg, respectively, to achieve the unification of high quality, high yield and high efficiency of rapeseed cultivation. This technology is applicable to the two crops of cotton or rice oil in our province and the three crops of rape in the field of paddy fields and dry land. Its technical operation regulations: First, the use of high-quality and high-product varieties to select high-yield and high-quality rapeseed hybrid combinations or varieties, such as oyster oil hybrid No. 1, Youyan No. 7, No. 9, Zhongza You 2 and Xiangyou No. 15. Second, the implementation of regional planting rapeseed is a regular cross-pollination crops, the varieties are prone to hybrid degradation. In production, common rapeseed, wild rapeseed and other cruciferous crops are easy to mix with high-quality rapeseed, resulting in a decline in product quality. Therefore, it is necessary to unify new varieties, implement regionalized contiguous planting as far as possible, and develop in the direction of hybridization and double reduction, and strict separation measures should be adopted in many species. Third, timely sowing planting season in northern Anhui Province, late-maturing varieties of two-cultivation cultivation of September 3 to 9 sowing; maturing varieties sowed on September 15; precocious varieties before and after September 20 sowing. Suizhong and Weinan are delayed by 3 to 5 days and 5 to 9 days respectively. Fourth, cultivating strong maggots According to the proportion of seedlings and Daejeon from 1:4 to 6, the soil with loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and flat terrain are used. The dry land that has not been planted with other rapeseed for more than two years is used as a seedbed. Before sowing, fine soil preparation, so as to make the surface smooth, the soil layer is finely crushed, and the imaginary surface is applied; fertilization seedbed, mu application of 1000-1200 kg of pig manure or human excrement 500-600 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 20-25 kg, over Calcium Phosphate 20 ~ 25 kg, potassium chloride 5 ~ 6 kg, mixing and mixing stacking 7 ~ 10 days, combined with the whole bed mix evenly applied to the topsoil in the surface as a base fertilizer, and then applied boron 0.5 kg; seed treatment, screening, Remove debris and pods. After selecting seeds, select 50% carbendazim WP or 40% carbendazim suspension 20-30 g per kilogram of seed. Seeds of rape seed 400-500 grams per acre seedlings, in order to achieve even seeding, the seeds can be mixed with ash or fine soil, according to the quantitative seeding planting. After sowing, seeds are covered with fire and earth ash, and diluted manure is poured to make it thin, thin, even and the seeds are not exposed. When the weather is dry, thin manure water is poured every evening to keep the topsoil wet; after watering, drought and watering are maintained. Ditch irrigation can be conducted, and irrigation can be stopped when water is poured to 2/3 of the trench. After the surface is wet, the remaining water is drained. After seedling emergence and time seedlings, once again between the leaf stage, set the seedlings before the three leaves, do remove the seedlings, miscellaneous seedlings, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, to keep thin and thin, uniform seedlings per square meter when leaving seedlings 70 to 100 strains . Three-leaf foliar spraying of paclobutrazol 150ppm (15% paclobutrazol 50g watered 50kg) for chemical control, can also use 40ppm uniconazole control, cultivation of dwarf seedlings; if pests such as cabbage caterpillars, tigers and earthworms damage , 800 to 1000 times the enemy can kill and omethoate mixture spray 1 time. One week before transplanting, the husbandry fertilizer was applied, water manure was applied and a small amount of urea solution (1 to 2 kg of pure nitrogen was applied), or a small amount of seedling special fertilizer was applied according to seedling growth. V. Preparation of Daejeon and Basal Fertilizers The preparatory work for rape can be rice, cotton, potato, etc. However, overly loose sand, overly viscous soil, poor drainage, or deep-seated paddy fields should not be used. When used as rice, the rice should be drained when the ear of rice is hooked (about 15 days before rice is harvested), and the rice should be plowed and smashed after being harvested; the middle rice paddy field should be overcast, and a horse water must be filled before field preparation. Open a ditch, width and depth of 30 cm, and then tilled soil preparation, surface width 1.4 meters wide, 30 meters wide and 25 cm deep; as a cotton, the cotton field set planting; before as other crops After the harvest, plunge 25 to 30 centimeters deep and remove the self-generated rapeseed or other cruciferous crops. Open the ditch in the north and south direction to the tiller. The width is 2 meters, the width of the ditch is 30 centimeters, and the depth is 20 centimeters. Drainage ditches are opened around the plots; transplanting in rice paddy fields can be carried out in deep alluvial soils in the arable layer. Drainage and specifications can be used to open the gutters, gutters, and tills to dig and grind the ditches. Sprinkle on the surface. Rape fertilization will be carried out according to the principles of re-application of base fertilizer, application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and application of boron fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is arranged according to the ratio of 5 seedlings and 3è–¹2 at the bottom, 80% potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20% is used as wax fertilizer, and phosphorus and boron fertilizer are applied at the end of one time. . Formula fertilization: According to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium 1:0.6:0.8 fertilization, apply 12.5 to 17.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 8 to 11.2 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 10 to 14 kilograms of potassium oxide, and 0.75 to 1.0 kilograms of borax per acre. . Before transplanting, organic manure and other organic fertilizers were used as a base fertilizer. General basal fertilization pigs, cows manure 1200 to 1500 kilograms (or 1000 to 1200 kilograms of pig manure, or 1500 to 2000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizer), mix in compound fertilizer 30 kilograms, superphosphate 6 to 9 kilograms, potassium chloride 8 to 12 kg. If manure is used, it is necessary to add 2 to 3 cubic centimeters of fertilizer soil evenly, stack 10 to 15 days, and apply it to the inside of a hole or a planting ditch. If there is a large amount of mixed fertilizer, it can be applied to the surface and then turned into the soil. When planting manure, 500 to 550 kilograms of ash or dry fine soil should be mixed in. Sixth, appropriate age transplanting, reasonable close planting age, strong seedling transplanting. The transplanting age is about 35 days, starting from the middle of October and ending as much as possible before the end of October. Strong seedling standard, seedling height 16 to 18 cm, green leaves 6 to 7, thick neck 0.5 to 0.6 cm, green, thick leaves, petiole short, no tall seedlings. In the cotton fields and two cooked rice fields, 600 to 8000 strains of rape are planted; Transplanting techniques: In the afternoon of the first day of transplanting, the seedlings are poured with cleansing water first, and the roots will not be injured when the seedlings are lifted, so that the seedlings have enough water for storage. When transplanting, select erect plants with well-developed root system, well-proportioned plant, well-growing, and uniform size. Plant the plants upright in the heart, press the soil around them tightly, and then push the plants upwards to make the lower roots spread out. It will be quicker to survive in this way. Immediately after transplanting, clear water was used as definitive root water. 7. Daejeon Management (1) Check the seedlings to make up for vacancies. Before the winter solstice, combine tillage and weeding to carry out soil cultivation, remove the roots once, combine the warming fertilizer before the frost and then cultivating the roots once. The cultivating soil can loosen the soil, promote new roots, protect the neck of rapeseed, and protect the seedlings from warming and freezing. (B) to apply top dressing Miao Fei: 2 applications. The first time in the 7 to 10 days after transplanting rape to return to green when the application of urea 2.5 to 3 kg per mu, or ammonium bicarbonate 10 kg, or decomposed human excrement 400 to 500 kg watered. The second time in November 15 ~ 25 application, available urea 4 ~ 5 kg (or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, or 600 kg of human waste) pouring water, drought and dry soil when appropriate more than water. Wafer fertilizer: It is applied from late December to early January. Organic fertilizers are mainly used to make up for potassium fertilizers and late seedlings are appropriately increased for available nitrogen fertilizers. In general, 1200 to 1500 kg of compost per acre (or 700 to 800 kg of decomposed pig manure, or 900 to 1000 kg of fire and earth ash), 100 to 120 kg of plant ash, applied to the rows, loosen soil after application, and apply fertilizer Overwhelming. Feifei: When the rapeseed pods are 5 to 10 cm in height, 500 kilos of manure is applied per mu. Before spraying, boron fertilizer is applied. About 200 grams of borax is used per acre, and 60 kg of water is sprayed evenly. (3) Artfully irrigate winter water, timely drain water during wintering period and before frost, and it is advisable to completely dry water without water within one day, and timely watering after freezing to promote the combination of rapeseed root and soil. Before the winter solstice, it is necessary to timely clear the ditch. Due to more rain after spring, Tiangou must be able to achieve the "three-channel" connection, and the rain stops in the field without waterlogging. (D) Prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests and adopt comprehensive agricultural measures to prevent diseases. Do a good job of ditching drainage, reduce soil and field moisture, remove old, yellow and diseased leaves, improve the microclimate in the field, bring out the fields, and reduce the source of disease. Chemicals prevention and control adopt the "prevention-based, key prevention and control" strategy. Seedling stage should mainly strengthen the prevention and control of cabbage caterpillars, aphids, tigers, earthworms and other pests. Mu with 500 to 800 times the enemy to kill and omethoate mixture spray 1 ~ 3 times. Control of aphids can reduce the occurrence of virus disease at seedling stage. The disease at the seedling stage is mainly downy mildew disease. Disease development can be prevented by draining the gutters and spraying with Bole liquid for 2 or 3 times from late October to mid-January. The flowering period is mainly to prevent Sclerotinia and prevent leggy. In the first week after the flowering period, 100 grams of sclerotia can be sprayed 1 to 2 times with 100 grams of sclerotium and 50 kg of water. The interval time is 5 to 7 days. Mu with 15% paclobutrazol 50 grams watered 50 kg spray can prevent leggy. The barley season mainly controls the aphids and white rust. Locust control should be sprayed on a large area with a sprayer 300 to 500 times the enemy to kill and omethoate mixture 1 to 3 times. Eight, timely harvest, scientific storage of the main sequence of the central grains in the middle of the seeds began to turn yellow brown (usually 28 to 30 days after the final flower), the main inflorescence of all fruit, whole plant and whole field of fruit reached 70% to 80% When it is yellow, you can harvest it. The harvest should be conducted on a sunny morning to avoid the loss of pods. Stalks should be left longer when harvesting, and then the small shelves of the sun, piled up a few days to promote after-ripening, and then spread the sun threshing, drying Yangjing timely storage, so that particles return to the warehouse. For high quality rapeseed, single harvesting, single threshing, single drying, single storage and separate sales processing shall be implemented to prevent mixing and affect quality.
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