Recently, watermelon wilt disease commonly occurred in watermelon saplings in the middle shed of our county, resulting in a large area of ​​dead plants. Therefore, it is imperative for melon farmers to understand the prevention and control of watermelon wilt disease.
1. Symptoms and patterns of occurrence: Onset of disease at the seedling stage, browning and contracture of the young stem base, wilting of the cotyledon and young leaves, and sudden lodging. Plants became ill. The diseased plants grew slowly. The lower leaves became yellow and gradually developed upwards. At the early stage of disease, it is wilted during the day and recovers sooner or later. After several days, the whole plant is wilting and dead. The basal stem of the withered plant was rough and the roots were longitudinally split. When wet, stems are rotted and rotted, appearing white to pink moldy. The diseased department often bleeds off jelly, and the stem vascular bundle becomes brown. Some or all of the roots of the diseased plants turn dark brown and rot, and they are easy to pull up.
2. Incidence pattern: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. is a fungus in the genus Fusarium spp. The bacteria overwintered on the soil or manure residues. It can also attach to the seed surface for wintering. It can survive in the soil for 5-6 years. The bacteria invade from the root wound and can also invade directly from the root hairs. Germs develop within the ducts, secrete toxins, block the ducts, and affect water transport. Cause wilting and death of plants. The bacteria can grow at 8-34°C, with 24-32°C being the most suitable. In low-lying terrain, poor drainage, insufficient base fertilizer, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, flooded irrigation and continuous cropping, all cause or aggravate blight.
3, prevention and control methods 1 implementation of rotation dumping. In the case of watermelon blight, it is best to plant watermelons more than three years apart. The diseased strain was immediately unplugged and burned, and 20% of fresh lime milk was poured into the diseased planting hole, 500 ml per hole of irrigating solution. 2 selection of anti-heavy watermelon varieties, can also be used as a rootstock grafted watermelon seedlings gourd. 3 to strengthen the cultivation and management: Guadi to choose high-lying, well-drained, fertile sandy loam land. Pay attention to reasonable irrigation to prevent water accumulation. The best watering ditch; using fine water infiltration, do not flood irrigation. Apply basic fertilizer, pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer with the application of partial nitrogen fertilizer to prevent, especially during the fruiting period to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in order to cause vine leaves long, induced blight. 4 chemical control. Conde Leide (0.1 billion cfu/gram of Bacillus mucilaginosus) was irrigated with 500 times water to control the wilt of watermelon.
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