Because agricultural tractors are limited by the seasonality of agricultural production, the annual working hours are very short and the rest time is relatively long. If the rest is not well taken care of, the damage caused often exceeds the damage during normal work. The author describes several diseases and preventive measures for tractors that are prone to long-term exposure as follows: 1. After the tire deformation tractor is stopped, its own weight is completely borne by the four tires, causing the parts in contact with the ground to withstand excessive pressure and deformation. The longer the tractor is parked, the more difficult it is for the deformed part to recover, and the tire is also deformed from elastic to plastic. If the shape of the tire changes, that is, the tire loses balance, the body vibration of the tractor will increase, and at the same time it will accelerate the wear of the tire and shorten the service life of the tire. Response measures: When parking for a long time, the tractor can be supported, or the tractor can be moved back and forth every few days to prevent the weight of the tractor from pressing for a long time in the same position of the tire to ensure that the tire is not deformed. In addition, the removed tires should be kept from being squeezed during storage to prevent deformation. 2. Insufficient lubrication If the tractor is stored for a long time, it will cause insufficient lubrication. The reason is that the lubricant oil film in the engine is exposed to the oxygen and acid-base components in the air. After a long time, the oil film of the lubricant is oxidized and degenerate, forming a gel-like object, and naturally there will be no lubrication. When the long-launched tractor is started, the cylinder and the piston will cause serious lack of lubrication, accelerate the wear of the parts, and increase the resistance when starting the engine, often causing difficulties in starting or even failing to start. The engine will be completely damaged after a long time. Response: Long-term parked tractors are started at least once a month to maintain the lubrication of the engine. It can also inject 50g of lubricating oil into the injector hole or spark plug hole of each cylinder, and roll the crankshaft 3 to 5 turns to lubricate the piston and cylinder parts, then at least twice a month afterwards, if necessary, re-inject some lubricating oil. 3, the battery curing battery does not have long, it will slowly self-discharge, if not charged in time, after excessive discharge, the active material on the plate gradually formed a thicker and harder lead sulfate. Lead sulfate crystals are poor in conductivity and large in size and can block the pores of the active material, impede the penetration and diffusion of the electrolyte, and increase the internal resistance of the battery. At the same time, this lead sulfate is not easily converted into lead dioxide and sponge-like lead during charging. This lead sulfate will lose its reversible effect, so that the effective material of the plate is reduced, the discharge capacity is reduced, the service life is shortened, and the storage battery is severely scrapped. Response measures: If the tractor is not used for a long time, the vehicle should be started every 30 days or so, and the medium-speed operation should be performed for about 30 minutes. If there is a special charger, the battery should be removed, the outer surface should be scrubbed, and after the electricity is fully charged, Vaseline should be painted on the electric pile and placed in a clean and warm room. During the storage period, the battery should be charged at least once a month. Anti-vulcanization or cracking. When charging with a dedicated charger, the charging current should be selected properly. If the current is too low, the charging time will increase; if it is too large, the battery will be damaged. In addition, the battery cover must be unscrewed when charging, and pay attention to ventilation, can not be close to the charging battery port with an open flame, because the hydrogen generated in the battery during charging is prone to deflagration. 4, springs, belts deformation of the tractor in the spring, belt and other parts if the long-term stress will produce plastic deformation, the force can not be restored after the original shape. Countermeasures: All springs on the tractor that are pressed or pulled must be relaxed. For example, the intake and exhaust valves of the engine should be placed in the closed state; the handle of the clutch on the tractor should be placed in the “closed†position; Hang on the wall. 5. The body and water tanks are frozen and cracked in the winter in the north, cold in the cold, and agricultural tractors pay attention when they are kept for a long time. When the temperature is below 0°C, if the water in the engine is not put clean, the abnormal expansion phenomenon of water will occur. Crack body and water tank. Countermeasures: As long as the tractor is parked for a long time, be sure to thoroughly clean the cooling water in the tractor. Special attention should be paid to areas where the temperature may be lower than 0°C. 6. After aging of the rubber parts aging rubber products, the performance will be deteriorated and the service life will be significantly shortened. The rubber parts on the tractor are mainly tires, gaskets, and dust covers. In the long-term storage process, due to sunlight exposure, deformation by external forces, contamination of oil, and other reasons, these components will accelerate the premature cracking, elasticity and strength reduction, surface stickiness or become hard and brittle, become fragmented and so on. Responsive measures: First, avoid direct sunlight, park in storage, and use metal garage doors as much as possible; second, prevent rubber parts from sticking with oils; if they are inadvertently contaminated, they should be cleaned immediately; third, avoid long-term stress. Deformation. 7. During the long-term parking of fuel deteriorating tractors, the fuel and oxygen in the fuel tank will produce gum. When the gum is serious, it will aggregate into colloidal deposits, which will reduce the evaporation and anti-riot property of the fuel and block the oil and sticky valves. Carbon deposition affects the dynamics and economy of the engine. Not only will the starting performance of the diesel engine deteriorate, but it will also accelerate the wear of the components and shorten the life of the diesel engine. Response measures: First, reduce contact with air. Because the contact of diesel with air will oxidize diesel, the contact between diesel and air should be minimized. In order to avoid contact between diesel and air, the long-discharging tractor is filled with diesel fuel and tightly sealed to reduce the air in the tank. The second is to increase the stability of diesel. The third is to check and replace diesel regularly. The fourth is to put the diesel in the fuel tank. 8, rust and long tractor because of the acid, alkali, salt solution and oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, moist air and other media, so that the metal surface electrochemical corrosion, resulting in metal corrosion. After the metal parts of the tractor are rusted, they lose their luster. When they are severe, flakes or powdery oxides are peeled off. As a result, the sectional size of the parts is gradually reduced, the mechanical strength is reduced, the service life is shortened, and the use value is completely lost. Response measures: First, clean thoroughly before storage. The dust and oil on the tractor should be removed and the lubricated parts lubricated in accordance with the maintenance regulations. The second is the touch up paint. Find the part where the paint is peeling off, repaint the paint, and apply anti-rust grease to the metal surface without corrosion protection. The third is moisture. The warehouse should be ventilated and dry, and the relative humidity should be kept below 70%. Fourth, prevent harmful gases. Do not stack rubbish, firewood and corrosive substances such as fertilizers and pesticides near the parked tractor to prevent the emission of harmful gases.
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