The fox is a predator and has a small gastrointestinal volume. The length of the intestine is only 4 to 5 times longer than the body length. Therefore, it is only suitable for diets mainly based on animal feed. It is not easy to pay attention to scientific feeding and management during production. Ketone disease is a cause of great concern.
Occurrence of the disease
Clinical symptoms and diagnosis
The appetite of the diseased fox decreased or was abolished, the nose was dry, the spirit was depressed, and the activity was reduced. The fox body temperature, breathing, and heartbeat in most cases were all normal; the urine was acidic. The occurrence of this disease is also manifested as young fox is heavier than adult fox. The individual with strong appetite is in the most severe condition. Blue foxes are more severe than silver and black fox, and the incidence is higher than that of silver and black fox.
The pathogenesis of the disease is generally longer, and it often occurs in large groups. Sudden death and death rarely occurs. A group of foxes does not affect the nearby foxes. According to the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis can make a preliminary diagnosis.
Relationship with feed and feeding management
From July to August, it is the growth and development of young foxes. In order to meet the needs of rapid growth and development, feeds usually use high-fat, medium-protein and low-carbohydrate feeds, resulting in maladjusted fox metabolism.
Because the carbohydrate level is too low, the fox body can no longer meet its energy needs by relying solely on carbohydrates, and it needs a certain amount of fat and protein to provide energy; however, fats and proteins are catabolized in the body and do not completely generate carbon dioxide like carbohydrates. And water, but will produce a large number of pyruvic acid and other intermediate products - ketone body, ketone body production and conversion of the ketone body is out of balance, can cause severe ketosis.
In the case of unscientific feed ratios, inadequate drinking water can induce and aggravate the condition of ketosis.
Seasonal
Most of the disease is in the hot season from July to August. Fox is a long-haired fur animal. The skin sweat glands are not developed and are very afraid of heat. The weather is hot in this season, and the water loss in the fox is large. Therefore, it is particularly easy to promote the occurrence of ketosis under the synergistic action of other factors.
Poorly shaded and poorly ventilated fox farms are more prone to occur in the summer. Several cases of the exposure to the disease by the author occurred in this season, while other seasons were less frequent.
Effect of vitamin B1 on the occurrence of ketosis
Vitamin B1 is one of the carboxylated coenzyme components. Carboxylate coenzyme can decarboxylate and detoxify pyruvate, which is the intermediate product of metabolism. Therefore, in the absence of vitamin B1, the synthesis of carboxylated coenzymes will be affected, in brain tissue and blood. The pyruvate will accumulate in large amounts and cause ketosis. When foxes are fed, when they are fed uncooked freshwater fish, the oxidative rancidity of the thiamine enzyme and feed will destroy vitamin B1 in large quantities, leading to the accumulation of ketone bodies in the fox.
Prevention
treatment
For diseased foxes, in order to reduce lipolysis, produce more ketone bodies and promote the elimination of ketone bodies, enter 20% glucose intravenously; To ensure the normal synthesis of carboxylated coenzymes and promote the conversion of ketone bodies, vitamin B10 is added daily during infusion. 5 mg; In order to correct acid-base balance, intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate injection; according to the clinical manifestations of the disease, in order to prevent secondary infection, antibiotics can be added during infusion.
Feed adjustment
Onset foxes should generally adopt feed therapy. To reduce the proportion of animal feed, in particular to reduce the proportion of fat-rich feed, increase the proportion of carbohydrate-rich cereal feed and the ratio of vegetables in the diet. Adding the right amount of sugar in the feed is beneficial to rapidly increase the blood sugar level of the fox body and reduce the production of ketone bodies. Daily vitamin B12 mg to 3 mg in the feed can increase the decarboxylation and detoxification capacity of the animal body.
prevention
From July to August, the growth of young foxes should be fed with high-fat, medium-protein and low-carbohydrate diets. When dealing with the three major nutrients, we must use protein as the core, first determine the amount of protein to be at mid-year level (the highest winter hair growth period), and then select the corresponding fat and carbohydrate in the three major nutritional relationship list Levels, and within the range of the float, select fat caps, while carbohydrates choose lower levels.
Never fail to select the fat level to the highest level in different periods, resulting in excessively high fat levels; nor can you choose the lowest level of carbohydrates in different periods, resulting in too low carbohydrate levels, resulting in malnutrition of the follicle due to malnutrition , which leads to ketosis.
Fox family carnivorous animals, feed should pay attention to the addition of vegetables to meet the fox body needs of vitamins and promote normal gastrointestinal motility; pay attention to the addition of various vitamin additives to meet the needs of vitamins in different periods. In order to maintain the normal metabolism of the fox body and prevent the occurrence of ketosis, vitamin B1 0.4 mg should be added to the diet, and the Arctic fox should increase the amount. In the hot season, let foxes freely drink water. Early feeding should be properly advanced. Late feeding should be delayed properly. Noon supplementation should be fast to reduce the oxidative rancidity of feed. Freshwater fish should be used to raise fox and attention should be paid to cooked feeding. Pay attention to the ventilation of the fox farm. Sprinkle water frequently on the ground to prevent the fox body from direct sunlight.
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