First, the occurrence of alfalfa leafhopper, spotting and early prevention of cinnabar leafhopper, also known as red leafhopper, red spider, etc., is Arachnida, Acarina head, leafhopper family. There are more than 113 host plants that can harm 18 types of vegetables such as eggplants, beans, melons, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, onions, etc., which are not only harmful to fields, but also the main pests for cultivated vegetables and greenhouse vegetables. 1, hazard characteristics. The cinnabar leafhoppers take larvae and juveniles, and young crickets suck sap on the back of the leaves, so that the transpiration of the leaves increases, the chloroplasts are damaged, and the photosynthesis is inhibited. The leaves turn red, curl, dry, fall off, and even the whole plant dies. When the leaves of the cucumber are injured, yellowish patches are formed. When the leaves are severe, the whole leaves dry off and the melon period shortens. 2, the morphological characteristics into the pupa: female adult pupa body length 0.42-0.55 mm, width 0.26-0.35 mm. Body oval. Body color is generally dark red or rust red. There are two long dark brown spots on both sides of the body, sometimes divided into two blocks, the front block is slightly larger. The males were 0.35-0.42 mm in length and 0.18-0.23 mm in width, which were smaller than females. Body color is red or orange red. The back is diamond-shaped, with a round head and thoracic front. The tip of the abdomen is slightly pointed. Egg: 0.13 mm in diameter. Round spherical. It was colorless and transparent when it was first produced, and it turned pale yellow to dark yellow. It is slightly red before hatching. Cubs: about 0.15 mm in length and 0.12 mm in width. Body nearly round, transparent color, dark green after feeding, 3 pairs. If you are: about 0.21 mm long and 0.15 mm wide. 4 pairs. If the female adult is divided into a pre-distribution group and a post-prandial period, if the male does not have a post-possession period, it will have 1 epiderm less than the female. 3, living habits. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 18-20 generations occurred in the middle of the Yangtze River, and some of the fallen leaves in the sunny leaves, weeds in the rhizosphere, and in the clefts of the trees and the barks of the trees were found to be overwintering. When the temperature rises to 10°C in early spring, Chengyu begins to multiply, and in late April and early May, it gradually migrates into the vegetable field. It began to appear at the Tanabe spot, and later spread to the surrounding plants, centered on the affected plant. June-August is the peak of damage, especially in dry years, which tends to occur in large numbers. Generally, winter begins from late September to October. The worm relies on crawling, and wind and rain spread long distances. High temperature and low humidity facilitate its reproduction. The optimum development temperature is 29-31°C and relative humidity is 33-55%. Vegetable seedlings heavy rain erosion and mud splash, can make some leafhoppers die and reduce the hatching rate of eggs. After heavy rain, if weather conditions are appropriate, there may be an outbreak of C. cinnabarinus during the appropriate period. 4. Control methods (1) Strengthen field management. Remove stubble leaves and weeds from the fields and fields, and burn or defoliate fallen leaves in the field at the end of autumn. Before the planting, remove the remaining foliage and weeds in the fields and fields before planting and bury them deeply to reduce the source of insects. The application of phosphate fertilizer, reasonable fertilization, enhance plant resistance to insects, in summer and autumn high temperature, dry season can be watered to regulate the temperature and humidity, controlling the occurrence of cinnabar. (2) Picking up at the stage of spotting. Spraying is appropriate when the mosaic rate is 1-2% or when there are 3 worms per leaf. Chemical liquids should be controlled with high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides or biological pesticides. For example, 73% Kotel EC 2500x, 5% Nissorene EC or 5% Nissorene WP 1500x, 20% EC or 5% AD 1000-2000x, 45% Lithosulfur mixture crystallized 200-600 times liquid, 15% fasting ketone emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times liquid, 20% compound Liuyangmycin EC 1000 times, evenly sprayed. Pay attention to the exchange of pesticides, consider the number of sprays depending on the situation, generally spray once every 10-14 days, and spray 2-3 times. Pay attention to the rotation of drugs, the use of compound potentiators or some new special effects agents. (3) In the initial stage of the disease, most eggs are sprayed before hatching. Can be used 20% of the net suspension of 3000 times suspension solution, 5% Nissorange EC 1500 times, the effect of killing eggs is good, long duration, but do not kill into a cocoon. Second, do not phosphorus, seed fly still according to the "fruit and vegetables" reported on May 12, 2004: Xianghe, Hebei Province, with phosphorus and other highly toxic pesticides to control earthworms and other underground pests, causing serious pollution of pesticides, This is bound to seriously affect the physical and mental health of consumers. In fact, it is not difficult to prevent underground pests. It is not to say that the use of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides will increase the cost compared with formazan. For the prevention and control of mantle, the key is to adopt preventive measures based on agricultural control. Otherwise, once the larvae enter the plants, it will be difficult to contact the insects with pesticides, affecting the control effect, and if the seedlings are damaged, it will be difficult to recover. vitality. The species fly is also known as the nymph (the larva). It is of the order Diptera, Felididae, and is a polyphagous pest that harms melons, beans, onions, garlic, and cruciferous vegetables. It is a worldwide pest. 1, hazard characteristics. Causes seed, buds, bulbs and root rots to rot and odor, resulting in dead seeds and yellow plants that die and become destructive. The mantle damages the cucumber seed buds and young stems after sowing so that the cucumbers cannot emerge and the young stems die. The mantle is often drilled into the unearthed seedlings from the ground, and feeds upwards. When the damage is light, the damaged skin is intact, leaving only boring holes. When the damage is heavy, the whole plant will die, causing serious damage to the seedlings. In addition, the wounds of the victim strains are easily infested by fungi and bacteria and cause root rot. 2, morphological characteristics adults: female adults body length 4-6 mm, male body is slightly smaller. Male head is silver-gray, with 3 vertical lines on the back of the chest. Abdomen long oval, grayish yellow. The female body color is lighter than the male and gray to grayish yellow. Eggs: oblong, about 1 mm long, transparent and white, with a reticular surface. Larvae: Mature larvae are 8-10 mm long, milky white, slightly yellowish, showing a cricket shape, with a very small head and a black mouth ditch.蛹: Long oval, 4-5 mm in length, yellow-brown, cocoon, 7 pairs of protrusions at the end. 3, living habits. The species of fly takes 2-6 generations a year, and it is wintering in the soil. When the temperature in the next spring is stable above 5°C, adults emerge, and the first generation in spring is the most serious. Adult camp rots and eats sex. There are habits of laying eggs on wet earth and unfamiliar organic matter. Most of them live on dry sunny days, and do not move at night. In cloudy or windy days, they often hide in earth seams or other hidden places. Larvae are strongly backlit and often move under the surface of the soil. They become phlegm in the soil after being cooked. The suitable temperature for the development of larvae is 15-25°C. Eggs cannot hatch at 35°C, and all larvae and cockroaches die. Applying unfermented fertilizers in the field will cause fly eggs or larvae to be applied to the field with fertilizers, coupled with the conditions such as soil moisture to favor the emergence of seed flies, and the danger of seed flies will easily occur. 4. Control methods Seed-coating with seed coating is used during sowing; apply manure and cake fertilizer to be even, deep (preferably as base fertilizer), seed and fertilizer should be separated, and manure can be covered with a layer of toxic soil or Mix a small amount of pharmaceuticals; serious land plots should be changed to chemical fertilizers as much as possible. After the first knife or two knife, the garlic was topped with rotting mothers and combined with irrigation followed by ammonia 2 times. As early as possible spring plowing, timely autumn ploughing. To promote the cultivation of nutrient sclerophyllous carbon substrate, soaking and germination, sowing after planting water. We must diligently water the plant after we have found it. If necessary, flood the area with water. Irrigation should be considered with the need for crop growth. To trap and kill adult worms: Prepare traps with sugar, vinegar, and water in a ratio of 1:1:2.5. Add a small amount of sawdust and trichlorfon and mix them into a yoke with a diameter of about 20 cm. Open the bowl lid, take the bowl the next morning after the insect is taken, and change the liquid once in 5-6 days. Spraying: Spraying is started at the early stage of adult emergence. It can be used to kill quail EC 4000-5000 times, 2.5% chlorinated EC 2000 times, 5% cypermethrin EC 1500 times, 5% rifasol EC 2000 times. , 50% of Malathion EC 1000x, 80% of Dichlorvos EC 800x, 80% of Trichlorfon Soluble Powder or 90% of Trichlorfon 1000x, etc. Spray, spray once every 7-8 days, continuous spray 2 - 3 times, the medicine should be sprayed to the roots, and the topsoil around. Can also be used 2.5% trichlorfon powder spray 1.5-2 kg per acre. Irrigation: Use 48% of 1500 times of Le Siben EC, 50% of phoxim 1200 times, 90% of trichlorfon or 80% of trichlorfon powder 1000 times, or 40% of dimethoate 1500-2000 Doubling, or 50% malathion EC 1500-2000 times Irrigation. Every other day after 7-10 days, it is advisable to infiltrate 5 cm underground.
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