Choosing the right watermelon variety is crucial for successful cultivation. It is recommended to select disease-resistant, moisture-tolerant, heat-resistant, vigorous-growing, and early-maturing varieties such as "Early Spring Ruby," "Take Bit," "Small Blue," and "Early Good 8424." These varieties are well-suited for different growing conditions and can help ensure a better yield and quality.
The ideal time for sowing is during mid to late July, with no planting occurring later than August 15th. Delaying sowing can cause the growth period and fruiting stage to shift into cooler weather, which may negatively impact fruit expansion and ripening, ultimately affecting both yield and quality.
It's best to start germinating seeds indoors at temperatures below 30°C. Germination becomes difficult when temperatures exceed 40°C. After planting, the seedbed should be thoroughly watered to maintain moisture, provide nutrients, and support healthy seedling development. The growing medium should be evenly moist. When sowing, place the seeds flat and cover them about one centimeter deep. Then, cover the bed with newspaper followed by a shade net to keep it cool and moist. Watering is generally not needed until the seeds emerge. Once the seedlings appear, remove the covering promptly. While the shade net is usually not used after emergence, it should be reapplied during high temperatures if the seedlings show signs of wilting. In such cases, a small amount of water can help alleviate stress. Watering should be done in the morning, and seedlings should be watered daily. Avoid watering in the evening to prevent excessive growth and avoid using cold groundwater, which can shock the plants.
Transplanting should occur when the seedlings are 7–10 days old for melon plants and 10–15 days old for watermelon seedlings. Before planting, apply irrigation and transplant in the afternoon after 4 o'clock. Ensure the roots are properly covered and thinned. After fertilization, cover the plants with a shade net and remove it after 2–3 days once the plants have established themselves.
During the seedling stage, foliar fertilizers like potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied to promote strong plant growth. Pruning should also be done promptly, especially for the melon vines to encourage better air circulation and fruit development.
Under high-temperature conditions, proper fruit management is essential. This includes thinning the plants, promoting flower differentiation, and setting fruits at the right time. Fruits should not be set too early; instead, it’s important to assess the plant's growth and the size of the ovary. Typically, the third fruit on the watermelon vine is considered ideal for setting.
Pest control is another key aspect of watermelon cultivation. To prevent pests, insect nets should be installed around greenhouses. Common pests include aphids, melonworms, and Spodoptera litura. Insecticides such as fipronil and imidacloprid can be used, diluted appropriately, and sprayed in the evening when temperatures are lower to maximize effectiveness and minimize harm to beneficial insects.
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