Techniques for controlling pests and diseases of tomato grafted in Alpine

Alpine tomatoes are the primary vegetable crops grown in the mountainous regions of our city. With a planting area exceeding 5,000 mu and an annual output ranging from 150,000 to 200,000 tons, these tomatoes are mainly sold to major cities like Shanghai and Hangzhou. To help increase farmers' income in the mountainous areas, the city's agricultural technology department introduced the new "Baili Tomato" variety last year for trial cultivation. The results were promising—this variety showed more than a 30% higher yield compared to the traditional variety "903," while also offering excellent taste, uniform fruit shape, and superior commercial value, making it ideal for storage and transport. However, challenges remain. Due to limited arable land in the mountainous regions, continuous cropping has led to soil degradation. Additionally, high summer and autumn temperatures combined with heavy rainfall have worsened pest and disease problems, particularly bacterial wilt, which is now a major constraint on tomato production. In response, we have developed a set of pollution-free pest control techniques tailored for alpine tomatoes in Northwest Zhejiang. **1. Integrated Pest Management Strategy** The approach combines agricultural practices with chemical control, following the requirements of Zhejiang Province’s pollution-free vegetable standard (DB33/T291.2-2000). This ensures that all treatments are both effective and environmentally friendly. **2. Agricultural Practices** Selecting resistant varieties such as grafted "Baili Tomato" seedlings is essential. Crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops like eggplants can reduce soil-borne diseases. Using insect-proof nets during seedling stages, along with field-vibration lamps and sex attractants in the fields, helps manage pests. Proper fertilization and irrigation promote strong plant growth and enhance resistance. **3. Chemical and Biological Control Methods** Grafting is an effective method to reduce diseases, especially bacterial wilt. However, vigilance is still necessary. Major diseases include early blight, gray mold, leaf mold, bacterial wilt, blight, and viral infections. Common pests include aphids, whiteflies, leaf miners, bollworms, and noctuid moths. For aphids, apply 10% imidacloprid diluted 3,000 times. Whiteflies can be controlled using 1% avermectin at 3,000 times or ciprofloxacin at 5,000 times. Bollworms and noctuids are treated with 3,000 times strength of worm crystals. Early and late blight can be managed with 600 times dilution of frost break and 70% mancozeb at 600 times, applied every 7–10 days for 2–3 sprays. For gray mold and leaf mold, spray 600 times of Fukang and 750 times of ash pyroprene on both sides of the leaves. Apply 2–3 times every 7–10 days. Adding a small amount of quick-glycemic powder during flowering can also help. Fusarium wilt is controlled using 40% WP manganese zinc and 70% mancozeb manganese at 600 times. Bacterial wilt is treated with 1.5 million units of agricultural streptomycin per 15 kg of water. By implementing these integrated strategies, farmers can ensure healthy, high-quality tomato production while maintaining environmental sustainability.

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