Dendrobium candidum is a kind of medicinal plant. The wild Dendrobium candidum is mainly vegetatively propagated. It usually blooms after 1 year of growth but does not produce fruit. The flowering period is about 20 to 30 days. The plant continuously produces sprouts, the base or stem of the stem. When contacting the ground or under suitable conditions, the knot can produce adventitious roots to form new individuals. The growth and development regularity of Dendrobium candidum is roughly as follows: During the end of spring or early summer, the inflorescence is extracted from the nodes of the upper part of the 2-year-old stem. After flowering, new shoots grow from the stem base and develop into new stems. The old stems gradually shrink, not Flower again. In autumn, the new stems mature, slow down, and enter a dormant period in a cool, dry climate.
Dendrobium candidum cultivation technology:
The key points of the cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum are as follows:
1 selection technology: Choosing good varieties is the basis of success. That is to choose a variety of strong resistance, high yield, good quality, need more research, do not blindly choose the species.
2 Facilities: It is related to the planting mode, such as low-cost mode (such as single-shed shed), mid-end mode (cultivation of ordinary greenhouses), and high-end mode (modern greenhouse plug cultivation).
3 Cultivation techniques: The key is matrix formulation, environmental control, water and fertilizer management and pest control. This paper mainly introduces the cultivation techniques of the mid-end model (general greenhouse ground cultivation).
2.1 Construction of greenhouses
Large-scale factory planting Dendrobium candidum, using standardized multi-story greenhouses, surrounded by a membrane and a net, equipped with cooling curtains and other cooling systems and heating machines, artificially regulating greenhouse environmental factors to meet the growth of Dendrobium candidum, year-round Can be planted. The cultivation of Dendrobium candidum in greenhouses is conducive to the control of growth conditions, especially the simulation of the cultivation environment of Dendrobium candidum is one of the key factors for successful cultivation. The address should preferably be selected in accordance with the environmental quality standards for the cultivation of pollution-free medicinal materials, that is, in areas where the temperature is above 0 °C, the irrigation water source is clean, the traffic is convenient, and the summer is cool and affected by the typhoon. Generally, the height of the shed is 2.5 to 3.1 m, the width of the shed is 6.0 m, and the waist height is 2.0 m. The shed is then covered with a simple seedbed. The length of each bed is determined according to the specific conditions. The width is normally 1.5 to 1.2 m. The bottom of each bed is made of a wire mesh with good permeability and permeability. The middle of the bed is left and left around the road lm. The shed is covered with plastic film, and the film is covered with 1 or 2 layers of shade net. In summer, the temperature is higher, generally covered with 80% sunshade net, and the plastic film is opened to facilitate cooling; the winter is cold, and the double-layer plastic film is used to close the insulation at 30% to 50% shade.
2 2 seedling selection
At present, the main source of seedlings for the production of Dendrobium candidum is tissue culture seedlings. When cultivating, the seedlings should be selected to be uniform, strong in seedlings, 4 to 5 cm in height, 2 to 3 in roots, 2 to 3 cm in root length, and the seedlings with the same stalk color.
2 3 seedling treatment
The tissue culture seedlings were domesticated before transplanting, and the culture flasks were moved to the greenhouse for transplanting for 10 days in advance, and the bottle caps were opened on the eighth day. The root culture medium of the seedlings was washed on the tenth day, and dried until the roots were whitish for transplantation. .
2 4 cultivation substrate treatment
The cultivation substrate is the key to high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation. The biological characteristics of Dendrobium candidum require good water retention and ventilation. The large-scale production requires relatively stable quality and strong controllability. At present, the substrates used to grow Dendrobium Dendrobium are varied, but the most used is pine bark, which is better than two fingers. The treatment of the substrate is generally carried out about one week before planting, and different substrates have different treatment methods. In the case of pine bark, it can be spread on the concrete floor for sterilization. The disinfection method is concentrated about 10 days before planting. The best disinfection method is steam sterilization. The chemical method can be disinfected with fungicides, such as carbendazim and methyl group. Bujin, white fungus, etc.
2 5 Colonization method
It can be grown all year round, with the best in February and April and August and October. Choose seedlings with pure varieties, well-developed roots, uniform size, and strong stems. They should be planted in the matrix. It should not be cultivated too deep, otherwise it will easily cause rotten roots. The base of the stem of the seedling should be completely exposed, and the roots should be stretched straight. Dendrobium candidum, with 3 to 4 seedlings per plexus, the density depends on the length of planting time, short-term 10 cm, long-term 15 cm.
2 6 Planting Management
2 6. 1 Seedling management
Do not plant too much when planting the seedlings, but the roots must be in close contact with the substrate to make the seedlings stand upright. The substrate should be watered one day before cultivation, and no water should be watered for one week after cultivation to ensure that the seedlings do not fall. Within 1 week after transplanting (the seedlings have not yet been rooted), the air humidity should be kept at around 90%, which is good for survival. After 1 week, the air humidity is controlled at 70% to 80% to promote rooting and sprouting of new seedlings.
2 .6 2 Growth period management
4 In July and July, Dendrobium candidum and its growth rate is very fast. It is especially important to keep the air humidity above 08, but it can't accumulate water. It is best to use watering or drip irrigation when watering. The amount of water to be sprayed varies from season to season. Pay attention to the sun in terms of light and prevent direct sunlight. Especially in the summer when the temperature is high, the cooling shed, hair dryer, spray, ventilation and other cooling systems should be opened in the greenhouse to control the temperature and humidity in the shed to reach the suitable growth range of Dendrobium candidum. When the temperature is low in winter, the greenhouse can be sealed. When the temperature is lower than the normal growth temperature of Dendrobium candidum, the temperature should be increased. The temperature inside the facility can be raised by various heating methods to prevent frostbite.
2 .6. 3 Wintering management
The wintering management is mainly thermal insulation. The key technology is that the Dendrobium candidum basically stops growing in winter, and the water requirement is small. The water content of the substrate should not be too high. The normal water content of the substrate is below 40%, and the air humidity is maintained at 60% to 70%. Spray water once every 2 weeks. Before entering the winter, anti-freeze exercise should be carried out on Dendrobium candidum and the humidity should be appropriately reduced.
2 7 Water and fertilizer management
Dendrobium candidizes the humid environment and should maintain a high humidity in the shed. In order to see the wetness as the principle of watering, that is, the surface of the substrate is dried and then watered, and a small amount is poured. The water quality is clean, the acidity and alkalinity are slightly acidic to neutral, and the water volume is basically sprayed through the matrix. It is not necessary to be in a damp state. Watering should be carried out in the form of a spray during the day, keeping the humidity in the shed 70% to 80%, and watering should be avoided in the summer. In the early stage of cultivation, foliar spray fertilizer is the main method, and 0.05% of the flowers are sprayed with high nitrogen fertilizer every 7-10 days. After the plants are alive, organic fertilizers such as bean cake fertilizer and peanut fertilizer can be added. The fertilization time is generally in the growing season of April to October every year. When the Dendrobium candidum stops growing, the fertilization is stopped. Pesticide fertilizers are banned from the first three months of the annual harvest period.
2 8 Pest Control
The growth environment of Dendrobium candidum is warm and humid, so it is easy to produce pests and diseases. The main pests and diseases are soft rot, brown spot, anthracnose, Philippine ants, figurative, snails, red spiders and so on.
2 .8. 1 Soft rot
It is easy to occur in a high temperature and high humidity environment, and the incidence is fast; in severe cases, the whole plant decays in a wet and rot. Control methods: To increase the temperature, regulate moisture and ventilation; prevent leaf area water and rain wash at night; in case of illness, mix and spray with agricultural streptomycin 10 times solution and chlorothalonil 10 times solution.
2·8 2 brown spot disease
More often in hot, rainy, hot weather. The symptom is that a large number of dark brown spots appear on the leaves, leading to plant death. Control methods: Increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, reasonable watering, spray carbendazim 80 times solution, Daisen zinc 50 times solution at the beginning of the disease. The use of pesticides should be based on the principle of low toxicity, low residue and high efficiency, prevention and prevention.
2·8 3 Anthrax
Most occur in spring and autumn. The main symptoms are: dark brown or black lesions on the leaves, black markings around the inside and outside, and severely infected stems and new plants. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to enhance the disease resistance of the plants; 65 % Dyson zinc 60 times to 80 times liquid is sprayed at the beginning of the disease, 800 ~ 10 0 times solution of anthrax, 80 0 - 10 0 times liquid , methyl thiophanate 10 0 times solution. In severe cases, it can be controlled with a 10% high water spray.
2 .8 4 figurative, snail
It occurs mostly in the high temperature and high humidity season, mainly affecting the plant buds and young leaves. Control methods: Pay attention to the sanitation of the inside and outside of the greenhouse, remove weeds, and regularly sprinkle lime. Targeted drugs include Mehta (Midda), Worcester, etc., and can also be used for artificial killing, bait trapping.
2·8 5 Philippine ants
Parasitic on the edge or back of the leaves of the plant to suck the juice, in late May, the hatching period. Control method: It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate 100% solution or 50% malathion 1 0 0 solution, or burned the old branches with Philippine ants.
2·8 Stone Red Spider
It occurs mostly in the dry season, mostly occurs on the back of the leaves, and it breeds quickly. It should be treated in time to avoid spreading. The targeted drugs are Kate, Avermectin, and good internal strength.
2 9 Harvesting and processing
During the winter season from December to January, when the nutrient accumulation reaches the highest peak, it is the best harvesting period for short-term planting; for long-term planting, it is harvested from February to March in the spring, when a new round of small shoots is harvested from the old stem. When you harvest, leave a length of 2 to 3 cm. The plant cannot be watered on the day after harvesting, so as to prevent the wound from rot in the wet state and cause small bud death. The harvested sarcophagus stems are screened according to grades, and the leaves can be processed by leaf removal and cleaning. The collection of Dendrobium candidum: The flower is a by-product of Dendrobium candidum. It can be harvested and sold for cooking. It can also be washed and dried in time after harvesting. When harvesting, it is not advisable to pull up the whole plant and use scissors to cut it, cut it to keep it small, cut it and keep it tender, so as to facilitate the growth.
Remove the roots and peduncles from the harvested stems, and peel off the leaf sheaths. After washing, cut the sections and dry them at a temperature below 60 °C. Obtain them. If they need to be processed into a metal maple bucket, remove the water and soften the fresh products at low temperature. After that, it is hand-curled into a spiral cylindrical shape while baking, and is hooped with straw straw or kraft paper strip. After being placed in a ventilated place for several days, the hoop material is removed, and then baked on a carbon fire to a dry surface with a golden color. Got it.
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