Duck breeding area construction and feeding management

Construction of farm area

Farming scale. Within a certain area, two or more breeding units perform meat duck production in accordance with unified planning, unified varieties, unified feeding standards, unified immunization procedures, unified sales, and household accounting, and the annual production is over 40,000. Duck breeding base, and all-in all-out system.

Site selection. The site should be in line with local development plans and land use planning requirements. The site should be built in a place with high dryness, sunny back wind, convenient drainage, and meet the requirements of epidemic prevention. There is no pollution source within 3 km around, such as chemical plants and mines. It is 0.5 km away from other livestock and poultry farms and 0.5 km away from main highways and villages and towns. It should be avoided as far as possible.

Construction layout. The layout of residential buildings shall be divided into production areas, management areas and ancillary supporting areas, surrounded by walls or epidemic prevention ditch, and green belts shall be built. The production area has duck houses, changing rooms, disinfection rooms, feed storage processing rooms, and warehouses. Strictly implement the principle of isolation between production areas, management areas, and ancillary supporting areas. Personnel, poultry and articles are transported in a single flow to prevent the spread of pollution sources.

Duck house building. According to natural conditions and economic conditions, construction of duck houses should be implemented according to local conditions. The ducklings should be oriented towards the south and the south, and generally use bracket plastic sheds and grass structures. It is 80 meters to 100 meters long, 10 meters wide to 12 meters wide, and 2 meters to 2.4 meters high. The distance between two adjacent ducks is 10 meters. The ground of the duck house should be a sandy soil structure, and each batch of ducks should be replaced once after the slaughter.

Feeding equipment and supporting facilities. Feeding equipment includes feeding, brooding, manure and sewage treatment, disinfection, ventilation, water supply and drainage. The water supply facilities that are matched with the production are selected and the production and domestic sewage are drained. The power load rating is 3 levels for civil buildings, and the fire protection rating for buildings is designed according to the 3rd class fire protection code for civil buildings.

Feeding management

Preparation before brooding. To level the land in the duck house and then completely disinfect the duck house ground. Dry soil is laid inside and no less than 3 cm of dry wood or straw, wheat straw, etc. Prepare warm equipment, drinking fountains, chutes, etc. Before the brooding, we must thoroughly sterilize the inside and outside fungicide in the whole duck house once. Warm up before entering the chicks to allow the duck to reach the temperature required for brooding.

Drink water in a timely manner. Ducklings must drink water within 24 hours of hatching to prevent collapse or dehydration. The water quality must be fresh and clean. The water temperature should be close to room temperature, and the number of drinking fountains should be sufficient. The distribution should be uniform and the height should be the same as that of duck backs. When the number of drinking fountains is not enough or the position is not uniform, weak chicks and some ducklings are difficult to drink into water, which is detrimental to growth.

Reasonably fed. For the first few days after the start of eating, the ducklings should adopt the system of “feeding less and more meals”, that is, feeding 7 to 8 times a day. The amount of each feeding is small, but the ducklings must be guaranteed to be full, and the ducks should be fed at night. From 2 to 3 times, all daylight must be applied and the lights should be turned off only for about 0.5 hours at night so that the ducks can adapt to the sudden blackout and stress. Later, the ducklings were allowed to eat freely, drinking water freely, and artificial light was not available at night. Duckling feed should use fresh, clean, comprehensive nutrition, moderate particle size, good palatability, easy to digest the broken feed, generally using full price with ducklings.

House temperature control. During the rearing of meat ducks, the temperature requirements are very high, especially for ducklings that have just hatched within 2 weeks of age and have stricter temperature requirements. The temperature of the brooding room moves around the ducklings, lively spirits, good diet, and smooth, evenly distributed feathers. The 1-week-old ducklings required temperature of 32°C, 29°C for 2 weeks, 27°C for 3 weeks, and 25°C for 4 weeks.

Humidity and environmental requirements. Although meat ducks are water birds, they are very afraid of moisture. Ducklings are more afraid of moisture at 30 days of age. The control of indoor humidity is an important part of the healthy growth of ducklings. The 10-day-old ducklings require 60% to 65% of humidity, and 11 days to 30 days of 65% to 70%. Ducklings grow fast and have a very strong metabolism. They emit large amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor, and ammonia in the faeces, which pollutes the air in the shed, affecting the growth and development of ducks. When the temperature is relatively high during the day, the vent hole should be opened in time and the contaminated padding should be replaced frequently. In addition, it is also possible to dilute the 20% peroxy acetic acid solution to a concentration of 0.3%, 30 ml/m 3 twice a week.

Control density. The stocking density should be determined according to the conditions of the brooder house structure, breeding equipment, ventilation, management level, and the climate at that time. For example, the density of cages and nets should be higher than that of the ground, and the density of insulation and ventilation can be better. The density of feeds, especially vitamins, can be higher when the levels are high. Generally, 400 to 1,000 ducks are appropriate for the ducklings group. When the ground is raised, the first week of age is about 20 square meters per square meter, about 14 weeks of the second week of age, and there should be no more than 10 after the third week of age; The surface density of the flat-raising and ground nets can be larger when fed together, and can be increased by up to 1/3.

Guaranteed light. After the ducklings start eating, the feed intake is small and the feed intake is slow. In order to ensure that the ducklings have sufficient time to eat and drink, 24-hour light is generally used during the first 3 days, ie artificial light is added at night, and it is advisable that the light intensity is suitable for ducklings to see feed and water. Sometimes deliberately lights out for 0.5 hours in order to facilitate the ducklings to adapt to the impact of a sudden power outage. If you use infrared light bulb insulation, no additional lights, which need to be determined depending on the specific circumstances of light. After 3 days of age, no artificial light is usually added, and only natural light is used.

Regulate immunity. The vaccine must be purchased from a legal department that has a “veterinary drug business license”. The vaccine should be stored in the freezer and refrigerator according to the storage temperature specified in the instructions. Before the vaccine is used, it is to be inspected bottle by bottle and diluted according to the dilutions and multiples specified in the instructions. The bottle stopper and the diluted vaccine have been opened and must be used within 4 hours, otherwise it is discarded. The compulsory immunization of major diseases shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State and the province.

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