Flowing water to raise fish, that is, in ponds where the pool of water is constantly flowing, that is, to raise fish in flow pools. The characteristics of running water fish culture are small pond area, high stocking density, intensity feeding and high unit yield, and it is a highly centralized breeding method. The relevant technologies are briefly introduced.
I. Basic conditions for self-fluid fish farming outside dams
(1) Topographic conditions: The construction of the pool site should be convenient to divert water, rich in water and stable water level. Under normal circumstances, the water will not be stopped due to artificial or natural reasons. The terrain must have a proper inclination, and water injection and drainage are convenient.
(II) Water quality conditions
1. The water temperature is suitable, and the water temperature is more than six months in a year between 15-30°C, and most of the time is between 20-28°C (for breeding and warm water properties).
2. The pH is between 6.8-8.4.
3. High dissolved oxygen contains no harmful substances to fish.
4. There is not much sediment in the water, especially after heavy rain, the amount of sediment that the flood water brings into the reservoir cannot be large.
II. Design and Construction of Flowing Fish Ponds
(a) build pool materials. Building pool materials include concrete, mortar masonry, metal, plastics, and natural soils. Larger areas, and no other fish farming machinery with the use of the latter two kinds of materials, the flow of fish ponds in the industrialization of fish used more than the first few.
(b) Fish pond shape. According to the status of the flow in the pool, the bottom of the pool, the terrain, the topography, the pool material, and the size of the fish pond, the flow basin has rectangles, rectangles, corners, triangles, circles, and ovals.
(c) The pool depth of the area. The area of ​​flowing fish ponds ranges from a few square meters to a few hundred square meters, and is generally suitable between 20-50 square meters for ease of management. The depth of the flowing fish pond is generally about 1.5 meters and the depth is about 1.2 meters.
(d) Construction of flowing fish ponds. Flowing fish ponds are mainly composed of two parts: pool plate and drainage system. Dachi pond wall is a slope, the size of the slope is the same as that of the still pool. Generally, the pool wall is upright. The bottom structure is related to the pool shape. The round pool is generally shaped like a pot, such as a funnel, and the slope is about 5%. The bottoms of the various pools other than the circular ones are also inclined toward the drainage direction, and the slopes thereof are generally smaller than those of the circular pools. Note: The drainage system is the core of the flowing fish pond. The water injection must achieve two goals: first, provide the rated water volume to ensure the expected pool water exchange volume; second, use a reasonable water intake method to achieve the purpose of both increasing oxygen and promoting pool water circulation. In order to speed up the exchange of water in the pool, there are three ways to enter the water: suspended spraying, air jets, and multi-layered water in the pool wall. The drainage (drainage) of the flowing fish pond is an important part of the design of the fish pond. It should be as clean as possible and cleaned automatically. The drainage and sewerage system should be integrated. The circular pool should be located in the center, due to the circular flow in the pool and the spiral at the bottom of the pool. The flow of water brings the sewage and materials together to the sewage (water) outlet. If several additional flushing nozzles are installed on the bottom surface of the tank, the effect is better. The drainage and drainage outlets of the rectangular pool are located at the lowest end of the tank bottom, and the drainage outlet and the inlet water flow are preferably in a straight line to facilitate direct flushing and drainage. In order to prevent fish from escaping and bruising, the extension mouth should be covered with a mesh cover.
Third, breeding technology
(i) Fish stocking. Stocking species require large specifications, good specifications, and good constitution, because large-sized fingerlings have strong adaptability and growth speed, and they can be listed in the same year. Therefore, it is advisable to use fish that weigh more than 50 grams. This type of fish After 6 months of raising, it can reach 0.75kg or more, and the source of fish species can be easily solved. The stocking density of fish species is within a certain limit, and the more densely stocked, the higher the yield. However, if this limit is exceeded, the opposite effect will occur. Therefore, stocking Density should be determined according to local conditions, based on stocking specifications, listing requirements, influent flow, feed sources, and refer to the general production requirements based on the following empirical formula to determine, and then gradually adjust according to actual production conditions.
The farming conditions are good, and the raising level is high. About 50 gram fishes can be stocked for about 100 fish per cubic metre.
(b) feed feeding. Flowing fish culture mainly rely on artificial feeding to meet the nutritional needs of fish, fish just put into the pool, not suitable for the water environment, so it is not appropriate to feed immediately, generally after 2-3 days under the fish species began to feed, fish stage With fresh feed as the main ingredient, with the growth of fish, gradually increase the amount of formulated feed, herbivorous fish in the water temperature above 10 °C began feeding, the water temperature is lower in the season, the whole daytime every 2 hours, once the fish The rapid growth of the July-September period, we must pay attention to feeding, from 5 o'clock in the morning to 10 o'clock in the evening, 1 per hour, a total of 17-18 times, every time the amount of feed control in 20-30 minutes to eat It is advisable to finish it. When feeding the feed, the green material must be fresh and palatable. During the season of fish disease, the green material must be sterilized and then fed. The pellet feed must be processed according to the source of the feed and the nutrient content of the feed should be taken into consideration.
(iii) Flow control. In the production management, the flow rate should be adjusted according to the season and the growth of the fish. The flow rate should be small at the beginning of feeding in the early spring, and then gradually increase with the growth of the fish. From July to September, it is the peak season for fish growth. To be added to the maximum, after mid-October, the water temperature is gradually lower, and the flow rate is gradually reduced. Generally, the water-soluble oxygen in the pool is required to be above mg/L. The water in the fish pond can be exchanged once every 10-20 minutes. Therefore, a certain flow rate is guaranteed. Under the premise of trying to reduce the flow rate, in the production practice, the flow rate is generally controlled at about 0.2 m/s.
(d) fish disease prevention and control. The main control of grass carp in the water fish culture area prone to watery mildew, red skin disease, gill disease, enteritis disease.
(five) adjust the specifications. In the daily management, we must do two things: First, to meet the market specifications of the fish in time to get water; Second, the individual smaller, thin body of fish rearing, it is the same with the fish in the pool specifications, eating evenly.
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