Foliar fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer that is applied to the surface of crop leaves by nutrient elements and functions through the absorption of leaves. Foliar fertilization has quick effects, high utilization rate, less dosage, simple application method, and obvious yield increase effect, and is widely used in agricultural production. However, if there is a lack of understanding of foliar fertilizers, improper application can also cause waste and fertilizer. Appropriate application of foliar fertilizer should grasp the following essentials.
(A) The selection of species should be targeted
At present, there are many types of foliar fertilizers sold on the market, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, microelements, amino acids, humic acid, and growth regulators. The crop mainly absorbs nutrients from the soil. The content of elements in the soil plays a decisive role in the growth of the plant. Therefore, before determining the selection of foliar fertilizers, the content of elements in the soil and the pH value of the soil must be determined. Conditionally, the presence of elements in the plant body can also be determined, or the type of leaf fertilizer can be determined according to the external characteristics of the deficiency. And dosage. It is generally believed that in the case of inadequate basal fertilizer application, foliar fertilizers dominated by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used; when sufficient base fertilizers are used, foliar fertilizers mainly composed of trace elements can be selected. For example, the falling of bells of cotton is related to the deficiency of boron nutrition. Therefore, in the budding stage, it is generally possible to apply boron fertilizer 2 to 3 times in order to obtain the effect of Baole Bao Ling. Tomato tendon rot is related to potassium deficiency. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 to 3 times 15 to 20 days after fruit setting; celery's "splitting stem disease" is also caused by boron deficiency, and can be sprayed with borax or boric acid to prevent and cure.
(B) The solubility of foliar fertilizer is better
Because the foliar fertilizer is sprayed directly into the solution, the foliar fertilizer must be soluble in water. Otherwise, insoluble matter in the foliar fertilizer can not be absorbed after it is sprayed on the surface of the crop, sometimes it will even cause damage to the leaves. Therefore, the fertilizer used for spraying should have higher purity, less impurities, and generally less than 5% water-insoluble matter in the fertilizer.
(c) The acidity of foliar fertilizer should be suitable
Nutritional elements have different states of presence at different pH levels. To make the best use of fertilizers, there must be a suitable range of acidity, generally requiring a pH of 5-8. If the pH is too high or too low, it will be harmful to the plants, in addition to the absorption of nutrient elements.
(D) The concentration of foliar fertilizer should be appropriate
Because the foliar fertilizer is sprayed directly on the leaf surface of the crop, the plant's buffering effect on the fertilizer is very small. Therefore, we must master the spraying concentration of foliar fertilizer. When the concentration is too low, the amount of nutrients that the crops are exposed to is small, and the use effect is not obvious. When the concentration is too high, the leaves are often burned to cause damage. The same foliar fertilizer is sprayed on different crops in different concentrations, depending on the type of crop. Such as urea: the general corn grain crop spraying concentration of 1% to 2%; vegetables, fruits and other spraying concentration of 0.5% to 1%; seedling spraying concentration of seedlings can not be higher than 0.2%; trace element foliar fertilizer Spraying concentration is usually 0.3% to 0.5%, and the application concentration of zinc, copper and molybdenum should also be appropriately reduced.
(five) foliar fertilizer with the use of
The physicochemical properties of fertilizers determine that some nutrients are easily degraded, so some foliar fertilizers must be used with them and cannot be stored for a long time. Such as ferrous sulfate leaf fertilizer, the new preparation should be light green, no precipitation, if the solution becomes auburn or auburn precipitation, indicating that the low-priced iron has been oxidized into high-priced iron, fertilizer efficiency has been greatly reduced. If the ferrous sulfate solution is formulated with a slightly alkaline or high calcium content, precipitation and oxidation will be accelerated. Therefore, in order to reduce the formation of precipitates and slow down the oxidation rate, when preparing the ferrous sulfate solution, 10 ml of mineral acid or 100-200 ml of vinegar may be added to 100 liters of water to acidify the water, and then ferrous sulfate may be dissolved therein. The effect is better.
(Six) Foliar spraying time should be appropriate
In order to prolong the time that the foliage is wetted with the fertilizer solution, it is beneficial to the absorption of nutrient elements. The spraying time of the leaf fertilizer is best chosen before and after the sunny and windless evening. This can delay the drying speed of the leaf droplets and facilitate the penetration of ions into the blades. Spray it evenly so that the front of the blade is completely wet. Spray heavy foliar fertilizer in case of heavy rain, should be sprayed again.
(7) Spraying during the critical period of crop growth
Different fertility stages of crops have different effects on the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. In order to exert the maximum benefit of foliar fertilizers, the most critical period of fertilizer application should be selected according to the growth of different crops in order to achieve the best results. For example, wheat, rice and other gramineous crops at the late growth stage of the crop absorption capacity weakened, foliar fertilizer can add nutrients, increase grain number and grain weight; watermelon spraying during fruiting can reduce flowering, fruit drop, improve watermelon fruit set rate.
(A) The selection of species should be targeted
At present, there are many types of foliar fertilizers sold on the market, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, microelements, amino acids, humic acid, and growth regulators. The crop mainly absorbs nutrients from the soil. The content of elements in the soil plays a decisive role in the growth of the plant. Therefore, before determining the selection of foliar fertilizers, the content of elements in the soil and the pH value of the soil must be determined. Conditionally, the presence of elements in the plant body can also be determined, or the type of leaf fertilizer can be determined according to the external characteristics of the deficiency. And dosage. It is generally believed that in the case of inadequate basal fertilizer application, foliar fertilizers dominated by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used; when sufficient base fertilizers are used, foliar fertilizers mainly composed of trace elements can be selected. For example, the falling of bells of cotton is related to the deficiency of boron nutrition. Therefore, in the budding stage, it is generally possible to apply boron fertilizer 2 to 3 times in order to obtain the effect of Baole Bao Ling. Tomato tendon rot is related to potassium deficiency. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 to 3 times 15 to 20 days after fruit setting; celery's "splitting stem disease" is also caused by boron deficiency, and can be sprayed with borax or boric acid to prevent and cure.
(B) The solubility of foliar fertilizer is better
Because the foliar fertilizer is sprayed directly into the solution, the foliar fertilizer must be soluble in water. Otherwise, insoluble matter in the foliar fertilizer can not be absorbed after it is sprayed on the surface of the crop, sometimes it will even cause damage to the leaves. Therefore, the fertilizer used for spraying should have higher purity, less impurities, and generally less than 5% water-insoluble matter in the fertilizer.
(c) The acidity of foliar fertilizer should be suitable
Nutritional elements have different states of presence at different pH levels. To make the best use of fertilizers, there must be a suitable range of acidity, generally requiring a pH of 5-8. If the pH is too high or too low, it will be harmful to the plants, in addition to the absorption of nutrient elements.
(D) The concentration of foliar fertilizer should be appropriate
Because the foliar fertilizer is sprayed directly on the leaf surface of the crop, the plant's buffering effect on the fertilizer is very small. Therefore, we must master the spraying concentration of foliar fertilizer. When the concentration is too low, the amount of nutrients that the crops are exposed to is small, and the use effect is not obvious. When the concentration is too high, the leaves are often burned to cause damage. The same foliar fertilizer is sprayed on different crops in different concentrations, depending on the type of crop. Such as urea: the general corn grain crop spraying concentration of 1% to 2%; vegetables, fruits and other spraying concentration of 0.5% to 1%; seedling spraying concentration of seedlings can not be higher than 0.2%; trace element foliar fertilizer Spraying concentration is usually 0.3% to 0.5%, and the application concentration of zinc, copper and molybdenum should also be appropriately reduced.
(five) foliar fertilizer with the use of
The physicochemical properties of fertilizers determine that some nutrients are easily degraded, so some foliar fertilizers must be used with them and cannot be stored for a long time. Such as ferrous sulfate leaf fertilizer, the new preparation should be light green, no precipitation, if the solution becomes auburn or auburn precipitation, indicating that the low-priced iron has been oxidized into high-priced iron, fertilizer efficiency has been greatly reduced. If the ferrous sulfate solution is formulated with a slightly alkaline or high calcium content, precipitation and oxidation will be accelerated. Therefore, in order to reduce the formation of precipitates and slow down the oxidation rate, when preparing the ferrous sulfate solution, 10 ml of mineral acid or 100-200 ml of vinegar may be added to 100 liters of water to acidify the water, and then ferrous sulfate may be dissolved therein. The effect is better.
(Six) Foliar spraying time should be appropriate
In order to prolong the time that the foliage is wetted with the fertilizer solution, it is beneficial to the absorption of nutrient elements. The spraying time of the leaf fertilizer is best chosen before and after the sunny and windless evening. This can delay the drying speed of the leaf droplets and facilitate the penetration of ions into the blades. Spray it evenly so that the front of the blade is completely wet. Spray heavy foliar fertilizer in case of heavy rain, should be sprayed again.
(7) Spraying during the critical period of crop growth
Different fertility stages of crops have different effects on the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. In order to exert the maximum benefit of foliar fertilizers, the most critical period of fertilizer application should be selected according to the growth of different crops in order to achieve the best results. For example, wheat, rice and other gramineous crops at the late growth stage of the crop absorption capacity weakened, foliar fertilizer can add nutrients, increase grain number and grain weight; watermelon spraying during fruiting can reduce flowering, fruit drop, improve watermelon fruit set rate.
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