Scientific name: Osmanthus fragrans
Aliases: Cinnamon, Yanjia, Jiulixiang, Milt
Family: Oleaceae, Osmanthus
Osmanthus fragrans is native to the eastern part of the Himalayas in southwestern China and is also distributed in India, Nepal, and Cambodia. The provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hubei are all wild; the Huaihe River basin is widely planted to the south of the Yellow River, and northwards are lined with potted plants. The relatively concentrated production areas are Guangfu, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Xianning, Baidu, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Manjuejia, Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi, Guilin, Xinxiang, Sichuan and other places. In addition, cities such as Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Changsha have recently been heavily planted. Osmanthus has been cultivated in Japan and India. In the 1870s, it was transmitted from China's Guangzhou to the United Kingdom. The British Royal Kew Garden began cultivation in 1789, after which some countries in Europe introduced the species one after another. However, it is only some countries on the Mediterranean coast that have successfully introduced the cultivation.
Osmanthus is an evergreen broad-leaved tree, up to 15 meters high, canopy can cover 400 square meters. Osmanthus seedlings have obvious main roots, roots developed well. The young root is light yellow-brown and the old root is brownish-brown. The roots of grafted seedlings are different due to the rootstock; cuttings buried in the soil prone to adventitious roots, but no obvious root. Hanging flowers are highly branched and have low branching points, especially in young age, and often appear shrub-like. After dense planting or pruning, it can become a clear trunk. The bark is rough, gray-brown or off-white, sometimes with lenticels. Smooth foliage, leathery, dark green and bright near-axle surface, darker face color; oval, oblong, oval, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, long needle-shaped to ovate lanceolate shape.
Osmanthus is a light tree species, but it requires a certain shade at the seedling stage. Adults require full illumination. Only under full sun conditions can the branches flourish, the trees are beautiful, and the flowers are dense. It is suitable for being born in a warm subtropical region, not very hardy, but it is still more cold-resistant than other evergreen broad-leaved species. For example, in Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Xi'an, the extreme minimum temperature in winter is close to -20°C, but as long as the microclimate is good, it is still possible to survive and bloom. Going north again, away from the Yellow River North, you can only develop potted osmanthus.
Osmanthus needs less soil and moisture. Soil should not be too wet, especially bogey water. Once a waterlogging injury occurs, the roots will rot, and the leaves will fall off, causing the death of the whole plant. It has certain requirements for air humidity. The verses of ancient celebrities, such as "Mist of Mist" and "Mountains of Clouds and Moss in the Desert", vividly illustrate that the flowering of osmanthus requires a sunny day, cold nights, and moist and humid conditions.
The sweet-scented osmanthus leaves are full of flowers and need to consume a lot of nutrients. It is suitable for being born on sandy loam with deep soil and rich in humus, and it can also grow normally on viscous soil. However, it is not able to tolerate the soil dryness, otherwise it grows particularly slowly, the leaves are generally yellow, and even periodic dry tops occur. It is suitable for slightly acidic soils with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. Soil alkalinity can cause iron deficiency in sweet-scented osmanthus. Although the osmanthus's leathery leaves have a certain ability to resist dust pollution, they often suffer from the phenomenon of non-flowering after long-term exposure to pollution.
Osmanthus growth and development laws: In the area around the Yangtze River, sweet-scented osmanthus every year in late February and early March began to shoot new shoots. The general shoot length is 5-25 cm, and there are 40 cm or more. The investigation showed that flower buds can be formed and easily bloomed when the length of the flowering branches is within 50 cm, and that the branches with 5-15 cm in diameter are the most. The flower buds of hanging flowers grow on the twigs of the twigs and their adjacent nodes. There is very little flowering outside the top buds, 6 knots away. The age of flower buds is also related to the age of the branches. Generally, the age of the branches can be spent within 8 years of life, but the number of branches and flowers is the most. Branches of more than three years old have very few flowers and little production value. The flowers are usually opened twice before and after the National Day, about two weeks apart. The flowering period is often affected by temperature and humidity: when the autumn is wet and the temperature is low, the flowering period is earlier; otherwise, in the case of high temperature and dry weather, the flowering period is delayed accordingly. According to the experience accumulated over hundreds of years in Suzhou Guangfu Production Area, the phenology of sweet-scented osmanthus flower can be divided into 10 periods: germination period, round bead period, top shell period, bell stem period, sweet eye period, early flowering period, early bloom period, Sheng Flowering, late flowering, Xiehua period. From flowering buds to flowering stages, all flowering processes are about half a month. The best viewing period with ornamental value is about 5-6 days, while the best harvesting period for the use of flower collection is only 2-4 days.
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