Editor's note: In recent years, the vast majority of rural areas have used resources such as crop straw and animal husbandry to vigorously construct biogas ponds and use biogas. However, the reuse of large amounts of biogas residue has become a matter of considerable importance. Some of them are directly used as fertilizers and some are abandoned at the edge of Tiantou Village. As a resource, the waste residue is a pity. In this issue, we specially published the “Combination of Biota†written by researcher Cao Debin of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences—a group of articles on the use of biogas residue mushroom, hoping to arouse the peasant friends’ attention to the development and utilization of biogas residues.
Straw mushroom, a typical high-temperature mushroom variety, is usually cultivated from June to August. After the biogas residue is blended with the base material, it is used as one of the main raw materials for the cultivation of the straw mushroom, and the reusing of the biogas residue is realized. After the straw mushroom is planted, the waste material of the mushroom waste is used as an organic fertilizer to maximally prolong the rural biomass resources. The recycling chain: "Improve the high yield of straw mushroom cultivation and reduce the production cost by about 40%.
1. Basic formula: 3000 kg of biogas residue, 3000 kg of straw or straw, 100 kg of superphosphate, 15 kg of urea, 200 kg of lime powder, 50 kg of raw gypsum powder, and 1,200 g of three-dimensional nutrition essence of edible fungi.
2. Biogas slag treatment: The anaerobic slag pool will be pumped once every 3 months or so, as long as it is a normal biogas digester and it normally runs for more than 3 months after the biogas digester has been refueled. Check the pH of the biogas slurry 7 to 7.5. The slag is fully cooked and ready for use. After fresh biogas residue is naturally drained and aerated (aerobic treatment), the moisture content can be reduced to about 60%. At that time, the biogas residue that is not used for cultivation can be fully dried and stored at a moisture content of 15% or less.
3. Base material preparation: Soak wheat straw or straw with 100 kilograms of lime powder and add water (the amount of water is suitable for inundation of wheat straw) for 1 to 2 days. Add the water to the moisture content to 70%. Add the soaked wheat straw and residue to the superphosphate. , Urea, lime powder, raw gypsum powder can be mixed together.
When corn cobs or corn stalks are used instead of wheatgrass, stacking and fermentation should be performed after batching, and the stacking should be performed once a day, and the stacking fermentation should be carried out for 5 to 7 days. The three-dimensional spermatozoa should be sprayed evenly after the completion of fermentation.
4. Spreading material sowing: 3 bottles of 3 species of straw mushroom per square meter of material surface, adopting "two materials three" sowing method, specific operation: first broadcast a layer of straw mushroom species on the bed base, accounting for the total seeding amount 20%, a layer of 15 cm thick cultivating material is laid, and slightly compacted, so that the cultivating substrate layer thickness is 8 to 10 cm. Then spread the second layer of straw mushroom species, accounting for 30% of the total seeding rate, and then lay a layer of 20 cm thick cultivation base material, slightly compacted, so that the cultivation base layer thickness of 16 to 20 cm. The remaining mushroom strains were sprinkled on the material surface, and the "hand grasping method" was used to make the disintegrated strains sink into the material about 2 to 4 cm deep. The shape of the bulky strains was attached to the material list, but was not higher than the material. The layer is then flattened with a wooden board.
5. Fertilizer casing: after sowing, cover the plastic film, ventilate every day for about 1 hour each day, and then cover the soil on the material surface after 3 days. (The cover soil mentioned in the following articles refers to the use of biogas slurry covering. The specific preparation method is shown below ), about 2 cm in thickness. After the soil is covered, the surface of the material bed is immediately leveled and a suitable amount of water is sprayed to wet the soil. After sowing 4 days, the mycelium can basically be filled with the material, and then continue to grow bacteria for about 4 days, that is, enter the mushroom management stage.
6. Mushroom management: In the early stage of fruiting, several fine mist sprays should be used to cover the soil layer to achieve the maximum water holding rate of the cover soil. During the mushrooming period, the air humidity in the shed should be kept between 80% and 95%. The carbon dioxide concentration in the shed is required to be around 0.05% and not more than 0.1%. Keep the temperature in the shed between 28°C and 32°C, and when the shed temperature is higher than 33°C, reduce the temperature of the roof rake. The light intensity in the control shed was about 800 lux.
7. Harvesting: When the fruiting body grows to more than 2 cm in diameter, the coating is still in a tight state, and the tip of the fruit body ball is rat grey, it can be harvested in time. After harvesting of a tidal mushroom, the material bed should be cleaned in time to remove the mushrooms, dead mushrooms, and mycelium, etc., and then use a cover soil material to fill in the recesses and drench the water once. Cover the film to make the mycelia rest for 7 days or so to facilitate the growth. The occurrence and high yield of tide mushrooms.
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