Melon pollution-free cultivation techniques

As a seasonal vegetable in summer, melon is one of the main varieties of vegetables for export in our town. It has a cultivated area of ​​100 hectares, a total output of more than 4500 tons, and an output value of more than RMB 1.5 million; the products are sold to the provinces of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in southern Fujian and coastal areas of Guangdong. city. In 2004, nearly a thousand mu of wax gourd production base in Longxiang Village was certified as a production site for pollution-free agricultural products, and the product was certified as a pollution-free agricultural product. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:

1, species selection

Select varieties with strong stress resistance, good quality, high yield, and suitable consumption habits. The main planting varieties of Longxiang melon base in our town are Fujian Huada Qingdong melon, Guangdong black melon melon and Hunan melon melon.

2, the cultivation season

The melon is warm and heat-tolerant, and the climatic conditions during the flowering period have a great influence on the fruit setting rate. In order to obtain high yield, it is necessary to ensure that the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit development period are in suitable climatic conditions. The weather is strong and the temperature is high, and the humidity is relatively high, which is beneficial to the fruit set. The air is dry, the temperature is low and the rainy days are low, and the insect activity is less, which is not conducive to the powder and fruit set. The town's Longxiang melon base is generally sowed in late February and early March. It is transplanted from late March to early April, and harvested from mid-late June to July.

3, nurturing seedlings using plastic nutrition seedlings.

3.1 Seedbed selection Choose sheltered sunny, water source convenient block for seedbed, the whole seedbed width 1.3 ~ 1.5m, and spraying 40% phoxim 1500 times liquid to eliminate the underground pests. Do not use old melons as seedbeds.

3.2 Preparation of nutritious soil 5 to 10 days before sowing, prepare nutrient soil, use fertile rice soil or fire soil that has been roasted and sieved, and add rotten pig, cow bark, and rice ash to mix evenly. The proportion of soil fertilizer is 7:3. Each 50kg nutritious soil plus calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium 0.25 ~ 1kg, carbendazim 50g, fully mixed, stacking 5 to 10 days; then the nutrient soil into 68cm or 88cm plastic nutrient bowl, neatly discharged on a seedbed. Do not use old melon soil as nutrient soil.

3.3 Seed Treatment Soak the seeds with warm water of 50-55°C for 10 minutes (stirring), and then pick up the water, soak it in room temperature water for 12-24 hours, pick up and drain, and wrap it in clean wet gauze. In a vessel, germination is performed in an environment of 25 to 30°C, and 70% of seeds can be sown when exposed.

3.4 Seeding method One day before planting, the nutrient soil in the loquat shall be irrigated so that the nutrient soil will become loose after evaporating a little water. It is convenient for the radicles to shoot down. Each of the nutrition loquats sows 1 white seed and the seeds are laid flat and exposed. The bud is pointing downwards; when planting, a small wooden pole can be used to put a small cave in the middle of the pole to facilitate the placement of seeds; after sowing, a layer of fine soil covers the seed. Then put a small shed on the seedbed with bamboo and cover with a thin film to keep it moist and moist. Due to the nutrition soil has been irrigated before sowing. In order to prevent water from causing the soil to stick to the seed shell, the unfavorable cotyledons spread out and no watering is required within 5 days after sowing. 3.5 Seedling management After sowing, seedlings should be replenished with water in a timely manner to keep the soil moist, but do not water too much to prevent rot. To 70% of the seedlings to break the heart after the first true leaf, timely removal of thin film ventilation seedlings, or uncovering the night cover (early spring easy to encounter low temperatures, night coverage is appropriate), and appropriate control of water to keep the nutrient soil was half Dry and wet state, promote root growth, make melon seedlings grow steadily, seedling age about 25 to 30 days, you can transplant the field; 2 to 3 days before transplanting, apply 10% thin human fecal urine once, spray 80% on behalf of the forest Zinc or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid, so that with fertilizer with medicine transplant.

4、Doing land preparation

4.1 Plot selection In order to prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, the non-cucurbit cucurbit crops in the previous year were selected as the land for melon planting; the root system of melon was developed and the growth period was long; the soil layer must be thick, the soil was loose and fertile, and the organic matter content was relatively high. High field cultivation.

4.2 Fine soil preparation The first choice of autumn and winter last year, good melon land, as soon as possible deepen the sun, plough depth 25 ~ 30cm or more, before the preparation of soil every 667 square meters of lime 70 ~ 75kg, soil disinfection, adjust the soil PH value. Then the entire ridge is ridged to a height of 0.25-0.3m, a width of 2.4m and a width of 0.4m. After the rake is flat and fine, the plant spacing is 0.72.0m, and planting holes or planting piers are opened on both sides of the plant. Every kind of two lines.

4.3 under the foot base fertilizer melon growth period is longer, the root absorption ability, in order to obtain high quality and high yield, must be enough base fertilizer; base fertilizer to rotten pigs, cattle pen feces, human waste or mushroom excrement, per 667 square meters Shi 1500 ~ 2000kg, plus cake fertilizer 30 ~ 50kg, calcium superphosphate 40 ~ 50kg or nitrogen phosphorus potassium ternary compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg, basal fertilizer concentrated in planting hole (pier), and fully mixed with the soil.

4.4 Film Covering After applying the base fertilizer, cover the mulch or black film on the planting mounds to facilitate the raising of the ground temperature and maintain the soil moisture, so as to create a good soil environment for the growth of the seedlings after transplanting. When mulching the film, the mulch film should be laid close to the surface of the mulberry, especially the surrounding mulch of the hole (pier).

4.5 Transplanting planting seedling age of 25 to 30 days, seedlings leaf 3 to 4 leaves, can be transplanted field planting. Before and after colonization, 40% phoxim was used to pour planting holes 1000 times to kill underground pests. At the time of planting, tear a hole in the film of the planting hole, dig a small hole, remove the small seedlings in the nutrition bowl, plant it in the hole, and fix it with soil; pour enough root water after planting, and use 2.5% of the time. 2000 times or 45% hymexazol 3000 to 4000 times liquid for the rooting water to prevent blight.

5, fertilizer and water management

5.1 Management of seedlings in the period of 5 to 10 days after planting is a critical period for ensuring the survival of the seedlings. The soil must be kept moist, the weather kept clear and the air dry. It takes 3 to 5 days to water once.

5.2 After planting until the flowering stage After the planting, the plants began to pull vines and the root system expanded. However, the root system was still weak and the suction capacity was poor. In order to accelerate the pumping of vines and expand the root system, thin fertilizers were applied and the soil was kept moist. Generally, the top dressing of human excrement and urine is applied every 7 to 10 days, and the concentration starts to be 10%. As the vine spreads, the concentration can increase to 30 to 50%.

5.3 seat melon period When the young melon grows to the size of the fist, timely reapply fruit fertilizer, follow-up 15:15:15 sulfuric acid compound fertilizer 40-45kg per 667 square meters, interval 7 to 10 days once, in two applications, The two points of fertilization should be separated; to the rapid expansion of melon, the need for large amounts of water, keep the soil moist, if drought irrigation "Happy Valley water."

6, Li Man and stay melon

6.1 Shed Sheds were cultivated in flat racks and the shelving height was 1.7-2.0 m.

6.2 Panxiong melons have strong growth potential and fast growth. Adventitious roots occur in melons. In order to expand the absorption of nutrients, about 10 knots of melons in the rhizomes will be circled into a circle about 1 m in diameter, and then they will be stretched. .

6.3 After tying the vines on the shelves, insert a tree (bamboo) rod in the plant, or attach a plastic rope to the sash in the corresponding position on the shelf and put the vines on the rod or plastic rope. Melon vines along the pole or plastic rope shelves.

6.4 Whole vine means removing the side vines and tendrils that grow from each node under the rack to reduce nutrient consumption. Secondly, after introducing vines and putting melons on shelves, the side vines are removed and the direction of growth of the main vines is often fixed. The vine spreads and evenly distributes the stems and leaves on the scaffold. After the melon is placed, 8 to 10 leaves are picked up on the melon and the remaining side vines are wiped off.

6.5 The size of the large wax gourd fruit segment in the melon cultivar is 30-35 knots. The fruit-gut of the seat in this segment is large and heavy, followed by the melon of 23-28. After flowering and fruiting at these nodes, each cultivar of the melon type is selected to remain 1 to 2 and until the melon grows to the size of the fist, about 0.25 kg in weight, the stalks are tied with slivers or twine and bundled on the scaffolding. On the rod to prevent it from falling.

7. During the flowering period of auxiliary pollination, in case of low temperature, rain, or excessively hot weather, pollinating insects are few and artificial pollination must be carried out to increase the rate of fruiting in order to achieve the purpose of high yield. Pollination is carried out at 7 to 9 am in the morning and the pollen of the male flower is applied to the stigma of the female flower that was opened on the day of the corresponding node.

8, to prevent flowering fruit drop melon seats in case of adverse weather conditions, easy to drop flowers and fruits, reduce the fruit setting rate, in order to improve the fruit setting rate, pollination after spraying a fruiting (1mg Duishui 1kg), or with 15 ~ 20mg/kg2. 4-D liquid smears the handle.

9. After pests and diseases control melon vines, depending on the occurrence of pests and diseases, pesticides are applied at intervals of 10 to 15 days. According to the requirements of pollution-free vegetable production, high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides are selected.

9.1 Main disease control 1 Wilt disease: After transplanting and planting, irrigate the roots with 2.5% Chilo 2000 times solution or 95% hymexazol 3000-4000 times solution, and irrigate 250-500 g per plant. 2 Powdery mildew: At the beginning of the disease, 10% of Shigao 1500 times liquid or 15% Triadimefon 1000 to 1500 times of liquid spray is used for prevention and control. 3 Bacteria and downy mildew are sprayed with 60% ank manganese zinc 1000 times liquid.

9.2 Main Insect Pest Control 1 Locust: Spray with 3000 times of 10% imidacloprid or 3000% of 3% acetamiprid (Mobilang) EC. 2 Gualou: spray with 5% Ruijinte suspension 2500 times or 0.5% methylavidin EC 1500 times, or 1.5% Jiedan 1000 times or BT preparation 500 ~ 1000 times. 3 Hummer: 3000 times with 10% imidacloprid, or 10% Dagong Chen 1500 ~ 2000 times plus Wanling 1000 times or 5% Ruijin suspension 2500 times spray. 4 Huang Shougua: Spray with 2000-2500 times of 20% fenvalerate or 1000 times with 80% dichlorvos.

10, harvest melon fruit dough becomes rough, fruit surface appears white powder, fruit hair off, that is, signs of maturity, you can harvest. When harvesting, the fruit stalks are collected 5 to 10 cm long.

Our Low Pesticide Goji Berry is produced in accordance with the EU standards 0231010 : Tomatoes(goji berry is classified to tomatoes).

For the low pesticide goji berry, we control it in the planting process. A month or so before picking, it is forbidden for farmers to spray pesticides on the goji trees. In addition, we strictly prohibit farmers to use prohibited pesticides.

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