Analysis of Common Problems in Variety Regional Tests Source: Seed World Zhao Yushan (Linfen Agricultural Seed Management Station, Shanxi Province)
The quality of crop varieties in regional trials is related to whether or not excellent seeds can pass the validation, and whether inferior seeds can be eliminated. It is related to the scientificity, impartiality, and seriousness of the work of the regional trial examination. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the regional trials. quality. Improving the quality of the district test involves many aspects of work. The author bought the practice based on years of work and summed up some details that should be noted during the implementation of the district test for reference.
1 The long side of the plot is parallel to the repetition direction
In the process of regional trial implementation, the common field design error problem is that the long side of the plot is parallel to the repetition direction. This sort of arrangement first makes the test land lengthened too long. The resulting fertility difference is more vertical than the long-side direction and repeated direction of the plot. It's much bigger. The issue of the advantages of the second cell edge is relatively large. The third is also not convenient for operation management such as sowing. Analysis of the reasons, and some of the pilot due to the limited terrain of the test site, had to adopt this wrong design method; some pilot test personnel to master the basic knowledge of the regional test is not in place, according to their own ideas free design. To solve this kind of problem, we must comprehensively improve the quality of the testee, try to choose the plot (including area, shape, size, etc.) that is in line with the test task undertaken, and design it in a way that is perpendicular to the direction of the long side of the plot and the repeat direction.
Two-area test fields are surrounded or partially unprotected
In the examination of the district, it was found that there was no protection bank or protection bank. This is also a major problem. The crux of the problem is:
(1) There are problems such as human and livestock hazards in the trial-free fields.
(2) There is no effective control over the advantages of unprotected regional trials.
There are roughly three reasons why there is no protection line:
(1) Some of the pilots are limited by the area of ​​the experimental plots, and no protection line was set up around them.
(2) Some of the pilot sites are not quite enough due to the experimental plots. They only set up conservation lines on both sides parallel to the repeat direction. Although they can reduce human and livestock damage to a certain extent, they cannot solve the problem of differences in the advantages of the communities at the two ends. .
(3) Some pilot maps are simple and convenient, only planting wells in the field, and not planting conservation lines. In solving the problem of unprotected lines, it is necessary to select test plots according to the required area, and to establish protective lines according to the regulations; if the test site is indeed insufficient due to lack of area, it is impossible to achieve a four-year planted conservation line, and it is also necessary to have protective lines at both ends. Make each of the varieties tested under the same conditions.
3 Protecting the Bank's Rows of Planted Crops Too few lines of protection are also problems that cannot be overlooked. To fully understand the adverse consequences, the first is to protect the banks from trampling on trampling directly to the district. Trial land poses a greater threat. The second problem is that the number of bank protection lines is too small. Once there is a problem of lack of seedlings, the protection line will not be able to do so.
There are two main reasons for analyzing the reasons why the number of rows of protected crops is too small:
(1) Some of the pilot sites were limited by the area of ​​the experimental plots, and only a few lines of protection that did not meet the regulations were planted.
(2) Some of the pilots have unclear understanding of the specific quantity requirements of the plant protection line. Although the test plots have a very large area, only two or three lines of conservation lines have been planted in the surrounding area, and some even have only one line of protection line. In order to ensure the conservation planting of full and adequate rows, when selecting and constructing experimental plots, sufficient protective lines for planting should be taken into account from the area, planting conservation lines should be planted according to the prescribed area, and the general protection line should occupy an area of ​​about 1.5m in width. 6 to 9 lines.
4 Protect line does not grow the same crop
The problems caused by the protection line not planting the same kind of crops are relatively large. First, there is a problem of crop culm height or low culm level in the crops that are protected for planting and field trials, and the degree of ventilation or shading in the field is not the same. The role of the protection line. The second problem is that it is prone to the problem that the district test field and the protection bank cannot operate in a unified manner. The third is that the maturity of the two crops is different, which brings certain difficulties to the harvesting work. Analyze the reasons: (1) Some pilots do not understand the protection of the same line of crops in the protection line and the field plot, and are free to determine the protection line crops. (2) When some pilot plants were planted and protected, due to the lack of seeds of similar crops, some conservation lines were replanted into other crops. To solve this type of problem, it is necessary to increase the correct understanding of the protection of the planting of similar crops, according to the provisions of the same crop and field trial, the conditions of the pilot not only around the same crop and the same species. In addition, for the species to supply the regional test seeds, together with the protection line seed supply, can also be a good solution to such problems.
5 cells designed to be square or nearly square
One of the problems that often arises in Tian Wen's design is that the community is designed to be square or nearly square. The crux of the problem lies in: (1) The square plot of the square plot within the same repetition is pulled long, causing large experimental errors. (2) The square community is not convenient for field management and observation records. Analysis of reasons: (1) In some trials, the experimental plots were restricted by the terrain. The plot had to be designed as a square or nearly square. (2) Some of the pilots have unclear proportions of the length and width of the community design, and are mistakenly designed to be square or nearly square. For such problems, we must start with the selection of sites, select and build test sites that are suitable for the area and nature of the tasks required by the district trials, and design rectangular communities in strict accordance with the ratio of 1:3 to 5. However, for some crops with large marginal impact, the community may be designed to be square or nearly square as required by the plan.
6 The size of the community is not the same
The area of ​​the community is large and some are small, so that some breeds are located in large-area communities, while some breeds are located in small-area communities. Artificially caused unequal treatment of the tested varieties, which results in large errors in the test results. One such problem occurred. First, some of the pilots in the Tian Qiao design, the amount of size and line is wrong, or different repetition is not a person's size, the ruler is not the same as pulling tight. The second is that although some of the pilots were not misunderstood, some of them were far off the line when they hit the ground. Some of them hit the ground on the line, causing the area of ​​the community to be different. During the implementation of the district trial, the field design must be seriously responsible for measuring the size, and should be checked and checked;
7 The sowing of the community is close to the land
In the regional examination, it was found that although the area of ​​the plots designed by the pilots was the same, some sowing lines in the plot sown were close to the mantle, and some were far away from the mantle, 10 cm or even 20 cm, causing inconsistent conditions and making the plot close to the plot. Some species have relatively expanded the area of ​​the community, while some species far from the mantle community have relatively reduced the area of ​​the community, causing artificially unfair treatment of the species. Through discussion with the relevant test personnel to understand the reasons, the first is that some of the pilots used artificial openers to sow the seed sowing method. The groove line was not drawn in advance, and the error was larger when the trench was opened. The second is that some of the pilots adopt the broadcasting method, and the shaking technique is poor. The distance from the mantle to the mantle is far from mastered. In order to solve such problems, the test takers must attach great importance to the sowing of crops and improve the sowing techniques. No matter which sowing method is used, we must line up and sow.
8 Sowing crops are perpendicular to the long side of the plot
Sowing crops perpendicular to the long side of the plot is also an easy problem. The crux of the problem lies in: (1) The sown crop lines are perpendicular to the long side of the plot, which increases the number of rows sown, and the number of rows at the beginning and the end of the plot is more likely to appear. Improper seeding rate, uneven emergence and other issues. (2) Inconvenient for field management operations. (3) Inconvenient to record. There are three main reasons for the problems. One is that some of the test takers have not mastered the basic knowledge of the district test. They believe that whatever the direction of sowing, it does not affect the results of the district test. Second, some of the pilots are affected by local farming habits. The third is that some of the pilots are subject to conditions such as sowing tools. To solve such problems, it is necessary to improve the quality of the district-level test personnel, require them to conscientiously study the basic knowledge of the district test, grasp the key points of each link in the implementation of the district-level test work, and improve the method of sowing, in order to improve the quality of the district test, and use the direction of the sowed crop. Parallel to the long side of the plot.
9 The direction of the long side of the repeat is parallel to the direction of fertility
Once the repeated long-edge direction is parallel to the problem of fertility and random arrangement, the result will be that some varieties are in low-fertility locations in the three replicates, and the performance of the varieties is reduced due to low fertility; while some varieties are The three replicates are in areas with higher fertility, and the varieties increase falsely due to high fertility. There are three main reasons for the wrong direction of design redesign: (1) Some test takers do not realize the function of setting up duplicated and randomly arranged local controls, and are free to carry out field design. (2) Some bearers are not able to understand the fertility of the test site. (3) Some trials lead to repeated repetitions due to long-term farming habits. To solve such problems, it is necessary to strengthen the training of the regional test technology so that the test takers can grasp the local control principles. Select the test site to fully understand the trend of fertility. When designing the field, make sure that the repeated long-edge direction is perpendicular to the fertility direction as required.
10 districts of field cultivation management of the same project completed by several people
Regional field cultivation and management such as fertilization, watering, weeding, seedlings, etc. completed by more than 2 people, is bound to appear to complete the quality of different issues, this will make some communities suffer, and some communities have been favored. Analyze the reasons: (1) Some district trials do not have a good understanding of the consistency of all agricultural measures administered by the district trials, and they think that they can be completed on the same day. (2) In some district trials, in order to grab time, rush deadlines, especially during the busy time, complete the trial cultivation and management work in the district, and several people will get started. For such small issues, we must also pay enough attention to it, and we must fully recognize the importance of consistency in the implementation of agricultural measures in the implementation of regional trials, and strive to avoid increasing the experimental errors in the regional tests due to inconsistencies in human management. The general farm work is to determine that a person completes the work within one day. If some farm work does require several people to complete, one person must complete a repeated cultivation management.
11 Spray pesticides for prevention and treatment in district test fields
Spraying pesticides for disease prevention and control in the district test fields, for the test takers, although it can ensure that the planted crops can obtain higher yields and increase economic income, but from the perspective of implementing the regional test, after spraying and preventing disease-causing pesticides, they will cover up. The characteristics of disease-resistant varieties make it possible to obtain higher yields for non-resistant varieties, resulting in failure to correctly evaluate each of the varieties tested. From the perspective of the regional inspections, the main reasons for the formation of problems are: (1) Some of the test takers have failed to recognize the consequences of spraying pesticides on the field test fields. . (2) Some test takers knowingly should not spray and prevent disease, but in some cases when the incidence is serious, in order to reduce the economic losses caused by the disease caused by the use of spraying and disease prevention measures.
To solve such problems, we must start from improving the quality of the district-level test personnel. We must conscientiously study and master the basic knowledge of the district test. In strict accordance with the relevant requirements of the district test, we should record detailed observations of the diseases that occurred in the species, and must not take any measures to prevent and control diseases.
12 Replanting other crops in the case of seedling deficiency
In the case of the lack of seedlings in the regional trials, replanting of other crops, such as replanting soybeans and other crops in the maize field trials, differs from that of the regional trial crops, and the degree of ventilation and light transmission between the plots varies greatly. The second is that the cultivation and management measures are inconsistent and have a great influence on the tested varieties. Third, different crop species brought a lot of inconvenience to the harvest work in the field trials. The main reason for the analysis of the reasons with the relevant district testers is that some of the district pilots do not clearly specify the specific requirements for the district trials. They are still like the planting of field crops. If there are any problems after the lack of seedlings, what kind of seeds will be replanted; what kind of crops will be replanted? Due to the insufficient number of regional seeds for replanting, other crops were replanted. To solve such problems from the two sides of the pilot sites and the breeding units, the first is to improve the quality of the testees through technical training. The second is for the species to ensure the number of species for the species. Third, after the planting of the regional trial crops, the test takers should strengthen inspections, find out the situation of lack of seedlings as soon as possible, and which plots lack the seedlings to replant the same species in the plot. For some crops that can be transplanted, at the same time as the regional seeding, all the tested varieties should be planted and transplanted in order to prepare for the needs of the seedlings.
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