According to editors, the "512" earthquake caused a wide range of damage and brought huge losses and disasters to the country and the people. In order to fully implement the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the work related to earthquake relief, the Ministry of Science and Technology organized experts to compile the Handbook of Practical Techniques for Earthquake Relief in Rural Areas, in which “vegetable and crop restoration technology†provides technical measures for the restoration of crops after the disaster. The newspaper is hereby excerpted for reference.
Pea sprouts production technology
(a) Functions and uses
Pea sprouts from the sowing to harvest, only 7 to 10 days. This technology can quickly produce fresh sprouted vegetables and increase market supply.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Cultivation facilities
(1) Protection facilities: ordinary plastic greenhouses, shade sheds, and ordinary houses can be used for pea seedling production as long as the temperature conditions can be controlled within a range of 15 to 30°C.
(2) Cultivation of containers and substrates: To meet the requirements of three-dimensional soilless culture, cultivation containers are generally selected light plastic trays for growing vegetables, the size of which is 62 cm 24 cm 4 cm. Cultivation containers can also be made of other materials, such as tinplate, with the advantages of being relatively strong and not easily damaged, with the disadvantage of being heavier. Cultivation of the substrate is generally more newspapers.
(3) Three-dimensional cultivation device: In order to make full use of space, a multi-layered three-dimensional cultivation shelf can be used. Each layer is about 40 centimeters apart, and generally 4 to 6 layers can be designed. Materials use angle steel, but also useful wooden frame.
(4) Other facilities: Sprayers, showers, etc. are used for spraying or spraying water. Various pots, buckets, spoons and other appliances.
2. Pea seedling cultivation
(1) Varieties: The production of pea sprouts is generally suitable for the varieties of green peas and hemp peas.
(2) Seed cleaning and soaking: To eliminate insects, broken residues, mildew, and rotten seeds, then wash with water 2 to 3 times, then soaking, the amount of soaking water needs to exceed 2 to 3 times the seed volume. Soaking time is generally 18 to 24 hours.
(3) sowing germination: soaking and then wash with water 2 to 3 times to remove the mucus on the surface of the seed, and then you can sow, and put the finished seedlings stacked, each 5 to 6 is a trip, Germination.
Seeding rate of 0.4 to 0.5 kg dry seeds per plate, germination at 18 to 22 °C under the appropriate temperature germination 2 to 3 days, when the seedlings grow to 1.5 to 3 cm can be placed into the cultivation room to continue growth.
(4) Cultivation environment: Pea seedlings are not strict with the light conditions. The optimum growth temperature range is 18-23°C. Usually water 2 or 3 times a day.
(5) Harvesting: Pea seedlings are about 10 cm high, and the top leaves can be harvested.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact address: 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
Contact person: Zhang Dechun, Yu Hongjun
Telephone, 010-68918797
Radish Sprouts Production Technology
(a) Functions and uses
Radish sprouts from the sowing to harvest, only 7 to 8 days. This technology can quickly produce fresh sprouted vegetables and increase market supply.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Cultivation facilities
The southern region can be cultivated in greenhouses, and the summer sheds are equipped with shade nets. Three-dimensional cultivation of radish seedlings need to set up iron seedlings dish rack, iron frame specifications generally length 150 cm, width 60 cm, height 200 cm, up and down 4 to 5 layers, layer spacing 20 to 40 cm. Whether the three-dimensional or flat cultivation requires the use of seedling tray, seedling plate length 60 cm, width 24 cm, height 4 to 5 cm, flat bottomed plastic tray. In addition, sprayers, showers, etc. are required for spraying water or water, various pots, buckets, scoops and other appliances.
2. Production of radish sprouts
(1) Variety selection: Suitable varieties are Dahongpao Radish and Zhejiang University Changbai Radish.
(2) sowing and pregermination: after the seeds pick out impurities, soak overnight in water, float the floating seeds, and then remove the seeds and plate. Seedlings are covered with a layer of paper. After sowing, the seed is covered with a layer of paper to prevent the seeds from moving when watering. The seeding rate is 50-75g/disc (dry seeds). At a suitable temperature of 18 to 22°C, the germination is carried out for 2 to 3 days. When the seedlings are planted in the cultivation room, they can continue to grow.
(3)Environmental control: The goal of temperature management is to control the ambient temperature within the optimum temperature range for growth of radish seedlings (15 to 20°C). The radish seedlings are susceptible to mildew and mildew (especially the high temperature season) when the humidity is high. Therefore, the growth environment Humidity should be controlled below 70%. Mainly by reducing the humidity to enhance ventilation. After sowing, water is poured two times a day. In case of rainy snow, it can be poured again. The cotyledons have just opened and the paper covered in the upper layer is immediately removed.
(4) Disease prevention and treatment: In the high temperature season, the seedling disc needs to be disinfected, and the seedling pan is soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for more than one hour.
(5) Harvesting: The leaves of radish seedlings are fully developed, and they are timely harvested when the leaves have just emerged.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact address: 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
Contact person: Zhang Dechun, Yu Hongjun
Telephone, 010-68918797
Summer green vegetable plug seedling technology
(a) Functions and uses
Rapidly growing green leafy vegetables and shortening the nursery cycle ensure timely planting of green leafy vegetables in the affected area to meet the off-season market supply in Chengdu, Chongqing and Gansu.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Nursery site and facility selection
Choose nursery sites with high dry terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, well-ventilated and near-water sources, use greenhouses and sheds as scaffolds, cover shade nets and insect nets, make sun-protection and rain-proof facilities, and reduce summer heat and heavy rain on vegetable nurseries. The adverse effects.
2. Preparation of nursery plugs and matrices
200 to 288-hole plug trays were used for soilless plug seedlings. The sterile soilless substrate is added with 2 to 2.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 1 kg of superphosphate per 1 cubic meter of seedling substrate, and peat: vermiculite is 2:1, or peat: vermiculite: perlite is 2: Use 1:1 mixing.
3. Nursery
Sowing period should be comprehensively consider the planting pattern, climate characteristics, the type of vegetables and the selected varieties to determine the sowing date (general cabbage seedling age is 25 to 30 days), the soaked seeds after soaking at 15 ~ 20 °C temperature The germination was carried out under the conditions. When about 80% of the seeds were whitened, the germination was stopped and the seeds were sown. The seeds of the nursery substrate were sowed before sowing. Each seedling was sown with 1 to 2 seeds. After sowing, it was covered with nutrient soil. The thickness of the cover soil was 0.5 to 1 cm.
4. Management of environmental conditions at seedling stage
In summer, the temperature is high. Usually, shade nets are used to reduce the temperature in the nursery facilities. Before the seeding, the water should be poured in one shot. When the seedlings are unearthed, water is not applied during cotyledon development. After the cotyledons are unearthed, watering is performed according to the seedling condition and the substrate moisture content. Should be done "Ninggan not wet"; in cloudy and light is not very strong morning and evening, the shade net should be removed to ensure that the seedlings receive sufficient sunlight, the nursery process should be based on seedlings 0.2% ~ 0.3% of urea and Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed on the leaves to promote the growth of seedlings.
5. Pest control
Summer is a season with multiple pests and diseases. During the nursery process, pests and diseases such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars, cockroaches, small tigers, damping-off, blight, blight, and virus diseases should be carefully controlled. Kungfu, Uranus EC, and Bt wettability can be used. Powder, trichlorfon, diflubenzuron 3, phoxim or dichlorvos emulsion, DuPont Keluo, Dasheng, anti-virus or methosulfuron, a virus, A disease and other agents to prevent and cure.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Address: No. 20, Jingju Temple, Chengdu, Chengdu 610066, China
Contact person: Chang Wei, Li Zhi
phone
E-mail: mchangweisohu.com
Chinese cabbage rapid cultivation technology
(a) Functions and uses
Cabbage, also known as rapeseed, vegetables, non-heading cabbage, etc., grows fast and can quickly increase the supply of fresh vegetables in the market.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Variety selection: Suitable varieties include Shanghai April Slow, Shanghai May Slow, Anhui April Green, Hangzhou Silkworm Cabbage, Nanjing April White, Changsha Late Cabbage, Shanghai February Slow, Shanghai March Slow, Wuxi March White , Hangzhou late oil winter, Nanjing white leaves and so on. In South China, there are water cabbage, spring cabbage, sunflower cabbage, and red cabbage.
2. Seeding: There are 2 kinds of sowing methods. 1 Live broadcast: Apply 4 to 5 T of decomposed organic fertilizer before sowing, leveling and plowing of plow field, 20 cm spacing, 2 seedlings after emergence, 4 to 5 leaves When fixed seedlings, spacing 15 to 20 cm. The amount per mu is 0.5 to 0.8 kg. 2 Seedlings: Choose loose soil and fertile soil as seedbed. The amount of 1.5-2.0 kg per mu can be used to transplant 5-8 mu. Water after sowing or step on your face with your feet. After emergence, 2 to 3 seedlings, seedling distance of about 4 cm, seedlings with 5 to 6 true leaves can be planted. Before planting, fertilization and plant spacing are equivalent to live broadcast.
3. Fertilizer and water management: Topdressing urea and other available fertilizers 1 to 2 times before harvest, generally applying 5 to 10 kg of urea per acre. Stop top dressing 10 days before harvest. Watering is generally combined with fertilization. Plant water immediately after planting.
4. Pest control: mainly control aphids, can be used 40% dimethoate EC 1000 ~ 2000 times or 5% malathion powder spray. Conditional use of 25 or more insect nets for full coverage.
5. Harvesting: The harvest period of Chinese cabbage is not strict, depending on weather conditions and consumption habits. From four to five leaf seedlings to growing plants can be harvested.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact address: 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
Contact person: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
phone
Field vegetable field management and post-disaster replanting measures
(a) Functions and uses
For some of the vegetable production areas in Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Gansu, and southern Shaanxi, the disaster has been severely affected. Field management of on-site vegetables and post-disaster replanting were strengthened.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Grab clear drains, prevent floods and protect vegetables. For the serious plots of stagnant water, immediately organize labor to dredge the river ditch, remove the dam, clear and dredge the “three ditch†around, remove the accumulated water as early as possible, and reduce the time for flooding the vegetables.
2. Arrange replanting and replanting as soon as possible. To seize the time live a group of fast-growing early-maturing leafy vegetables, such as cabbage, v. Chinese cabbage, radish, leeks, spinach, Chinese wolfberry, spinach, edible fungus, cucumber and so on. These varieties have a short growing period and a long supply period, which can enrich the market supply of “discounts†and increase the income of vegetable farmers.
3. Scientifically increase fertilization materials and promote seedlings to grow strong. For vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, cowpeas, loofahs, wax gourds, cucumbers, celery, etc., which are lightly affected, the urea and compound fertilizer should be taken care of after the sunny day. After the plants are restored to life, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in time to promote its comprehensiveness. Restore growth. For green cabbage vegetables such as pakchoi, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used for thin application.
4. Use insect-proof nets and shade nets to improve anti-rainstorm, heat-resistance and pest-infestation effects. The shade nets are generally covered after sowing, when transplanting seedlings, when sunlight is strong, and before heavy rain, in order to enhance the ability of plants to resist disasters.
5. Prevent and treat pests in time to prevent the spread of pests and diseases after the disaster. After the disaster, it is easy to cause all kinds of pests and diseases of vegetables. The agricultural plant protection department must pay close attention to it, strengthen the prediction and forecast of pests and diseases, timely guide the scientific prevention and control of vegetable farmers, and strictly control the outbreak of pests and diseases. Timely removal of diseased plants, diseased leaves, reduction of field humidity, reduction of disease sources, and avoidance of pest and disease transmission.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact address: 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
Contact person: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
phone
Vegetable Crops Disaster Prevention and Reduction Agricultural Measures
(a) Functions and uses
Reduce the damage caused by earthquakes and promote the growth of vegetables.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Take a separate approach to the fields that have been damaged or destroyed.
(1) Temporarily dispose of fields that cannot be restored in the short term.
(2) For the crops that are likely to be saved, timely, active, and active measures should be taken to save them.
(3) For the floods that occur after the earthquake disaster, we must give full play to the role of the ditch and canal and adopt methods such as sparse, blocking, platooning, and introducing.
2. Take the following measures for the salvage of crops:
(1) Help: Hold the fallen vegetable crops upright and erect them.
(2) Washing: The mud on the surface of the blade is rinsed with clean water to facilitate photosynthesis and restore the growth at an early date.
(3) Culture: The washed top soil is cultured in time to stabilize the roots and plants.
(4) Spraying: After the first three tasks are completed, the crop is properly sprayed with extra-root nutrition so as to adjust and restore the growth function earlier. The main spraying is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-4D, anti-dropping agent, and plant power-2003. Jinong et al.
(5) Prevention: Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of various pests and diseases, especially the prevention and control of diseases. Such as vegetable wilt disease, bacterial wilt, blight, damping-off and other diseases prevention and control work. Insect pests are mainly used to control cockroaches.
3. The remediation measures should be taken to destroy damaged fields and light damage. Planting crops should consider seasons, varieties and ripening periods. For the severely damaged fields, clearing, filling, adding new and changing the topsoil should be adopted to restore land cultivation as much as possible.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact address: 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
Contact person: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
phone
Remedies for Vegetable Production after Earthquake in the Longnan Region of Gansu Province
(a) Functions and uses
This measure is conducive to self-rescue against disasters in southern Yunnan, reducing earthquake damage, restoring production as soon as possible, promoting vegetable growth and ensuring market supply.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Clean up the vegetable fields and classify them. Severely damaged vegetable plots should immediately clean up the rotten vegetables and kill crops early according to the soil moisture and weather conditions; crops or transplanted seedlings should be rushed to early sowing; and the affected areas or lighter vegetable plots should be timely to support the roots and do a good job of field ripping. Weed and weed removal work to resume production as soon as possible.
2. Grab the crop. The timely harvesting of vegetables that are already ripe for harvesting can supplement the needs of local people. The planting and planting of the sorghum will be arranged in a timely manner so that the sowing date will not be delayed due to the earthquake. Or replanting in a timely manner, rush to plant radish, Chinese cabbage and other fast-growing vegetables, and actively carry out production and self-help.
3. Timely restoration of cultivation facilities. For the plastic shed that collapsed or damaged during the earthquake, it is necessary to pay close attention to the time to repair and reinforce the skeleton; repair the shed film, arrange the film pressing line, press the skirt film and shed film, and prevent the windy and rainy weather from bringing more greenhouse vegetable production. Big loss. Clean up the rotten vegetables in the shed in time to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and replant the seedlings in time to ensure the smooth production of greenhouse vegetables in early spring.
4. Strengthen field management. The lighter vegetable plots should strengthen the management of fertilizers and water in existing vegetables, and the cultivation of leafy vegetables should be dominated by nitrogenous fertilizers. The cultivation of melons, solanaceous vegetables and legumes should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
5. Strengthen pest control and ensure food safety. The heavy rain after the earthquake is easy to cause vegetable diseases. One or two bactericides such as zeocin, carbendazim and thiophanates should be quickly sprayed to prevent the invasion of pathogens from the wound; if insect pests are found, insecticides should be sprayed, but strictly prohibited. Use banned pesticides or high-residue pesticides to ensure the safety of vegetable products.
6. Strengthen the infrastructure construction, improve the irrigation facilities in the vegetable field, and improve the drainage and irrigation system. In areas affected by severe disasters, it is necessary to inspect the drainage system of the rehabilitative pipe, and ensure that the four channels of Daminggou, Yaogou, Weigou and Shuougou are matched and unblocked, so that the irrigation can be performed in dry conditions and the appropriate conditions for the growth of vegetables can be guaranteed.
(III) Technical sources
Name of Institution: Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Contact person: Guo Xiaodong, Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
Telephone, 010-68918797
Anti-season cultivation technology of alpine tomato
(a) Functions and uses
Rapidly carry out anti-season vegetable production in high mountains to ensure timely planting of high-season off-season vegetables in the disaster-stricken areas and meet the off-season market supply in Chengdu, Chongqing and Gansu.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Use precocious, fruity, red fruit, and high-yield fine varieties: such as cooperation 906, cooperation 908 and Israel storage-resistant species.
2. Cultivate strong seedlings, timely planting: Before sowing seeds into 55 °C warm water hot species 5 ~ 10 min, then add 10% trisodium phosphate solution soak for 20 min, remove and rinse with water after Seedlings are planted in 72-hole plug seedlings. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, they should be seedlings for the time and they should be weak and strong. When the seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, they can be planted in Daejeon at the appropriate spacing.
3. Fertilizer and water management: Basal fertilizer can be applied to 2000-2500 kg/667 m2 of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30 kg/667 m2 of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10 kg/667 m2 of urea. Nitrogen is the main nitrogen in the early stage of the top dressing and the middle and late stages are The main phosphorus and potassium. The entire growth period requires dressing 3 to 5 times. Every application of decomposed rare human excrement 500-600 kg/667 m2, with the application of potassium sulfate 10 kg/667 m2.
4. Pest Control: Tomatoes mainly include viral diseases, bacterial wilt, early blight and late blight, and bollworm and other pests and diseases. They can be treated with the virus net, disease and disease, virus Bike prevention and control, Greenheng No. 1, and streptomycin for agriculture. , K dry control, copper noble, anti-virus scorpion, Rhizoctonia, bacteria eradication, diflubenzuron control.
Amitraz is a potent miticide for veterinary fields for the control of susceptible ticks, fleas and lice including organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid resistant strains on cattle and mange on pigs.
Dosage
For external use only.
Cattle : 1000 ml. Intraz-125 EC per 500 litres of water.
: Cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus). Treat at intervals of 19-21 days.
: New Zealand Cattle ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis).Treat at intervals of 7-21 days.
: Paralysis ticks (Ixodes holocyclus). Treat at intervals of 7-10 days.
Pigs : 1000 ml. Intraz-125 EC per 250 litres of water.
: Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var suis.)
Critical Comments:
Cattle : Spray cattle with a minimum of 10 litres for hand sprays and 4 litres for recirculating spays.
Pigs : Remove feed and bedding from pens. Cover drinking bowls and clean out pen. Spray pigs with minimum of 2 ltr. spray wash, especially inside ears and legs, under jowls and areas covered by scabs. Replace discarded bedding with clean material. Repeat treatment after 7-10 days. Two treatments at 7-10 days are recommended for sows and gilts before entering farrowing pens, for piglets at weaning, and for pigs newly bought into the piggery. Boars should be treated every 3 months.
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