Three methods of rapeseed cake detoxification China's rapeseed production ranks first in the world. Rapeseed oil production every year can produce rapeseed meal 600-700 million tons. Rapeseed meal is an excellent natural vegetable protein resource. Its protein content and amino acid composition can be comparable to that of soybean meal. However, because rapeseed meal contains toxic or anti-nutritional substances such as glucosinolate (hereinafter referred to as glucosinolate), phytic acid and tannins, it may cause monogastric animal poisoning and poor palatability. Domestic and foreign rapeseed meal detoxification methods are: physical detoxification, chemical detoxification and biological detoxification method 3 categories.
(1) The physical detoxification method is mainly for the inactivation of mustardase, but in recent years, it has been found that glucosinolate itself is not non-toxic, and some microorganisms in the animal can also secrete an enzyme having the same function as the enzyme of mustard enzyme to decompose glucosinolate into Toxic Chemicals. Chemical detoxification methods include acid-base degradation, metal salt catalytic degradation, and solvent leaching. Among them, the most widely studied at home and abroad is the double-liquid extraction method. The detoxification rate can reach over 90%. However, the dry matter loss, high cost, and three-pollution pollution make it difficult to popularize.
(2) Biological detoxification methods include enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis mainly uses the addition of glucosinolates and activators of enzymes (such as Vc, etc.) to accelerate the decomposition of glucosinolates and then to achieve the purpose of detoxification by stripping or leaching with solvents. This method can not only remove phytic acid and Except for polyphenolic compounds, the source of glucosinase is difficult, and the process of removing glucosinolate and its degradation products is complicated and the cost is too high, so it cannot be industrialized on a large scale.
(3) Microbial fermentation is the use of microorganisms to directly decompose poisons. Compared with other methods, this method has the advantages of mild conditions, simple process, and low loss of dry matter. Use professional manufacturers of microbial starter, such as feed starter, take it as an example, method: corn flour, wheat bran, rice bran, rapeseed cake powder according to the ratio of 20:30:10:40, feed fermentation agent by 1000 The amount of the second addition, after mixing well, add water and mix wet, the mixed material's moisture content controlled at about 65%, and then into jars, plastic bags and other sealed containers, sealed fermentation for two or three days, there is a sweet liqueur, After the fermentation is completed, the pigs and chickens that are fermented are fond of eating, and they can open the altar to feed, and gradually replace the full-price feed with a method of increasing the dosage. The replacement amount can account for 40-50 of the total pig feed or chicken feed. %, feed costs are greatly reduced and it is a good deal.
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