In recent years, the technology has been widely applied in major sugar areas in the northwest, and the technology is advanced and feasible, and the effect of increasing production and increasing efficiency is remarkable. Compared with the traditional production methods, the labor intensity is reduced in the mechanical precision seeding (no need to set seedlings), mechanical drugs, mechanical harvesting, etc., saving about 2 labors per mu; drip irrigation under the membrane, dry sowing, reasonable The application of dense planting technology will increase the seedling-preserving rate by about 10%, increase production by 10-15%, and add comprehensive benefits such as water saving, fertilizer saving, and planting, and can increase the cost by 200 yuan per mu.
1. Choose the type that is resistant to mechanical work.
Choose the varieties that have been approved by the state or province (autonomous region), have been planted in the local area and have excellent performance, and are suitable for mechanical precision on-demand and mechanical harvesting. The plant should have the characteristics of compact leaves, small green head and strong disease resistance, and the seed quality can reach the beet seed quality index in GB19176-2010. The seed must be a single seed of the pill.
2, reasonable close planting
According to local climatic conditions, soil conditions, production conditions, variety characteristics and production purposes, reasonable plant spacing will ensure proper density. Generally 50cm and other row spacing planting, the plant spacing is preferably 18 ~ 21cm.
3, mechanical precision seeding
In the spring for 5 consecutive days, the surface temperature of 5cm is stable at 5 °C or above, and it can be sown. Generally, it is the best sowing time from April 1 to April 15. Sowing with a suction-type precision seeding planter, the seeding depth is 2cm~3cm, and the seeding amount is generally 200-300g/mu. When seeding with fertilizer, seeding and fertilizer separation are required. Dry sowing is wet, ensuring seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings, and improving group uniformity.
4, seedlings and cultivating
The seedling stage is a period from the seedling to the dripper water (about 50d after sowing), the seedlings are wilting at noon, and can be restored sooner or later, that is, the end of the seedling period. During the seedling period, three times of cultivating, the first mechanical cultivating depth is 5cm~8cm, the second mechanical cultivating depth is 10cm~15cm, and the third mechanical cultivating depth is 15cm~20cm, and the interval between each cultivating time is 10d~15d.
5, water and fertilizer management
Drip irrigation in the whole growth period is 8 to 10 times, and the irrigation quota is 350-450 m3/mu. Irrigation should be promoted before and after control. The leafy period from the leafy period to the root enlargement period is the key point of irrigation. When the soil water content reaches 60%~70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, it should be watered, and the watering should be stopped 15 to 20 days before harvesting. Better beet quality. The drip irrigation fertilizer combined with irrigation water will be added to the topdressing fertilizer several times. In the early stage, the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Before mid-July, the nitrogen fertilizer should be completely chased. From August to September, the topdressing fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
6, mechanical harvest
Large-area planting is carried out by combine harvester, flat cutting, drawing, rolling, loading and discharging, and the beet is pre-excavated before harvest to facilitate mechanical harvesting and reduce harvest loss; Segmented beet harvester harvest. The sugar beet harvest in the northwest region is generally from the end of September to the end of October.
7, residual film recycling
After harvest, the residual film on the surface should be removed in time. The residual mulch accumulated in the soil for many years should be mechanically removed to avoid soil pollution and affect the growth of the crop.
The above is the main point of mechanized cultivation techniques for high-yield beet planting. If you want to learn this type of cultivation technique, come to Huinong.com!
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