Farmers know that fruits and vegetables are prone to viral diseases. Among them, zucchini, pumpkin, winter melon, small zucchini, loofah and bitter gourd. The virus diseases of these melons are widely distributed and can be spread, which will seriously affect the quality and yield of fruits and vegetables, and reduce the economic benefits of farmers. So what are the symptoms of melon, fruit and vegetable virus disease? How to spread it? How to prevent it?
First, the symptoms of fruit and vegetable virus disease
The performance of the disease caused by melons and vegetables is different depending on the type of vegetables and the source of the virus. There are mosaics, shrinkage, yellowing, and green spots.
Shortening of the plant, dwarfing of the plant; no small melon or melon, malformation of the melon, emergence of spots on the fruit surface or unevenness of the tumor, or depression of various viral diseases can cause discoloration, chlorosis, deformity and necrosis of the plant. Abnormal symptoms such as poor growth, such as leaves with dark green and light green, uneven mottled, yellow-green spots, yellowing, shrinking, curling, fern leaves, chicken claws and dead spots, serious When the plants die.
Because plants can be infected by more than two viruses, the field is often not a single symptom type, but a mixed type, resulting in complex symptoms and serious harm. The symptoms of viral diseases are mostly whole-plant, and the above-ground performance is obvious. The distribution in the field is often scattered and sometimes concentrated. It is also possible that the plants on the field are first. In addition, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, the plant does not show obvious symptoms although it is poisonous.
Second, the transmission route of melon, fruit and vegetable virus diseases
Viral disease is caused by the infection of plants. The more common viruses include cucumber mosaic virus, melon mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus, and cucumber green mottle virus, cucumber yellow virus, pumpkin mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and tobacco circulation virus.
Most viruses overwinter on weeds or winter vegetables. In the following spring, they are spread by insects such as aphids and sap during field farming operations. The virus is infested by plant micro-wounds and then propagated by plant nutrition. Melon mosaic virus and cucumber green mottle virus can also be transmitted by seed poisoning; cucumber yellowing virus can be transmitted through greenhouse whitefly.
Third, the conditions for inducing fruit and vegetable virus disease
High temperature, drought, strong light and other climatic conditions, the transmission of aphids and other large quantities, the varieties are not resistant to disease, the seed carrying rate is high, the growth period is in a susceptible period, and the appropriate virus disease occurs in the field management. The climatic conditions of high temperature, drought and strong light are conducive to the development and migration of aphids, and also facilitate the reproduction and spread of viruses, while also reducing the disease resistance of plants. Under such weather conditions, viral diseases are prone to occur, such as poor management of the field, which is likely to worsen.
In addition, the cultivated melons and vegetables are not resistant to disease, the seed-borne rate is high, and the growth period is in a susceptible period. In case of adverse weather, water shortage, lack of fertilizer, and weeds, there are solanaceae, cruciferous vegetables and other poisons nearby. The source of the plant is severe.
Fourth, melon and fruit vegetables virus disease prevention and control measures
According to the conditions and modes of transmission required for the occurrence of melon virus disease, effective prevention and treatment of viral diseases should take comprehensive measures for different viruses and different melon varieties.
1. Choose excellent anti-viral disease varieties.
2. Perform seed treatment.
Soak seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes before sowing, then wash and germination sowing; also soak seeds in 5C warm water for 40 minutes, or dry seeds for 70 days in an incubator at 70 degrees.
3. Sowing at the right time.
Early spring seedlings, so that plants enter the more resistant growth period before the advent of the high temperature season; autumn should be broadcast in the evening, avoiding high temperature and insect migration.
4. Control the drug transmission media in a timely manner.
Protect the ground hanging yellow board to trap mites, white mites, hanging blue boards to lure the hummer. The open field can be covered with silver-gray mulch or suspended with silver-gray membrane strips; the summer or autumn protection field can be used for seedling or cultivation. The insect-proof net can be used to isolate aphids, whiteflies and thrips. It can be used for long-lasting, systemic strong drugs. Control aphids, whiteflies, and thrips to reduce the transmission of poison. For example, spraying seedbeds 2 to 3 days before transplanting has better preventive and toxic effects.
5. Do a good job in field management.
Summer and autumn protection sites use shading nets to shade and cool down; apply organic fertilizer, timely topdressing, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, timely watering in appropriate amount, strengthen cultivating, and operate the plant after the plant, the early disease should be removed as soon as possible. The hands and tools that have been exposed to the diseased plants should be washed and disinfected with soapy water.
6. Spray antiviral preparations.
In the early stage of the disease, you can use 20% virus A wettable powder 400-500 times liquid, or 1.5% phytopathogenic emulsion 800-1000 times liquid, mushroom proteoglycan water 200 times liquid, or 2% amino oligosperm liquid 300. -500 times liquid sprayed on the foliage. In order to enhance plant resistance, prevent, slow down or alleviate the occurrence of viral diseases, the above preparations may also be sprayed at the beginning of the seedling stage as described.
The above are the symptoms, transmission routes and prevention measures of melon and fruit vegetable virus diseases. Once the virus disease occurs, it is difficult to cure, and some existing antiviral agents are not very effective in treating viral diseases, only to a certain extent. Inhibition or alleviation of the disease, so farmers must pay attention to viral diseases.
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